@article {41211, title = {Holistic structural understanding of epitaxially-grown Bi/Au(111) moir{\'e} superstructures}, journal = {Physical Review Materials}, volume = {8}, year = {2024}, month = {2024/10/01/}, pages = {104001}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, abstract = {In light of the recent research in low-dimensional bismuth structures as spin-active materials and topological insulators, we present a comprehensive characterization of the Bi/Au(111) interface. The nuanced evolution of Bi phases upon deposition in ultrahigh vacuum (UHC) on a Au(111) surface is investigated from semidisordered clusters to few-layer Bi(110) thin films. Particular attention is devoted to the high-coverage, submonolayer phases, commonly grouped under the (P{\texttimes}√3)\ nomenclature. We bring forth a new model, refining the current understanding of the Bi/Au(111) interface and demonstrating the existence of submonolayer moir{\'e}\ superstructures, whose geometry and superperiodicity depend on their coverage. This tuneable periodicity paves the way for their use as tailored buffer and templating layers for epitaxial growth of thin films on Au(111). Finally, we clarify the growth mode of multilayer Bi(110) as bilayer-by-bilayer, allowing precise thickness control of anisotropically strained thin films. This holistic understanding of the structural properties of the material was enabled by the synergy of several experimental techniques, namely low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM, STS), and X-ray standing waves (XSW), further corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) simulations.}, url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.8.104001}, author = {Vezzoni Vicente, Pablo and Weiss, Tobias and Meier, Dennis and Zhao, Wenchao and T{\"o}mek{\c c}e, Birce Sena and G. Cuxart, Marc and Klein, Benedikt P. and Duncan, David A. and Lee, Tien-Lin and Papageorgiou, Anthoula C. and Muntwiler, Matthias and Seitsonen, Ari Paavo and Auw{\"a}rter, Willi and Feulner, Peter and Barth, Johannes V. and Allegretti, Francesco} }