@article {13284,
	title = {Accuracy and Interobserver and Intraobserver Reliability of Ultrasound in the Early Diagnosis of Occult Scaphoid Fractures: Diagnostic Criteria and a Way of Interpretation.},
	journal = {J Surg Orthop Adv},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2019},
	month = {2019 Spring},
	pages = {1-9},
	abstract = {The purpose of this study was to illustrate the usefulness of ultrasound in the early diagnosis of occult scaphoid fractures. Forty-eight patients with clinical symptoms of scaphoid fracture and negative initial X-rays were examined. All patients underwent ultrasonography in the emergency room (ER). After 14 days, a computed tomography (CT) scan was performed, which confirmed or not the initial suspicion of fracture. Twenty-two patients were found with subperiosteal hematoma, while six also had cortical discontinuity. The sensitivity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of occult scaphoid fractures was 90\% and the specificity was 85.7\%. The positive prognostic value was 81.8\%. The authors support the use of the scaphoid ultrasound only under strict circumstances. If subperiosteal hematoma or cortical discontinuity is present, there is a high likelihood of scaphoid fracture. On the contrary, if the ultrasound is negative and symptoms persist, the patient will require a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging for definitive diagnosis. (Journal of Surgical Orthopaedic Advances 28(1):1-9, 2019).},
	issn = {1548-825X},
	author = {Malahias, Michael-Alexander and Nikolaou, Vasileios S and Chytas, Dimitrios and Kaseta, Maria-Kyriaki and Babis, George C}
}
