@article {5328,
	title = {Early apoptosis of monocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory response and of bacterial translocation in an experimental model of multiple trauma.},
	journal = {Clin Exp Immunol},
	volume = {145},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006 Jul},
	pages = {139-46},
	abstract = {The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of apoptosis of monocytes in an experimental model of multiple trauma and its probable correlation to bacterial translocation. Thirty-two rabbits were applied in three groups: A, controls; B, myotomy of the right femur; and C, myotomy and fracture of the right femur. Blood was sampled for the estimation of endotoxins [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, malondialdehyde (MDA) and isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs, derived after centrifugation over Ficoll, were incubated in flasks and apoptosis of non-adherent lymphocytes and adherent monocytes was estimated after staining for Annexin-V and flow cytometry. TNF-alpha of supernatants of cultured monocytes was also determined. Tissue segments were cultured after death. Median survival of groups A, B and C was > 14, > 14 and 9.00 days, respectively. Apoptosis of lymphocytes in group C was higher than group A at 2, 4 and 48 h and of monocytes in group C higher than group A at 2 and 4 hours. LPS in group C was higher than group A at 2, 4 and 48 h. Apoptosis of lymphocytes and monocytes was correlated positively with serum TNF-alpha and negatively with TNF-alpha of monocyte supernatants. Cultures of organ segments of group A were sterile. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from liver, lung and spleen in five animals in group B (45.45\%) and in six in group C (54.54\%). Early apoptosis of blood monocytes supervened after multiple trauma; the phenomenon was accompanied by apoptosis of blood lymphocytes and subsequent bacterial translocation.},
	keywords = {Animals, apoptosis, Bacterial Translocation, Cells, Cultured, Fractures, Bone, Lipopolysaccharides, Lymphocytes, Male, Malondialdehyde, Models, Animal, Monocytes, Multiple Trauma, Rabbits, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Time Factors, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha},
	issn = {0009-9104},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03112.x},
	author = {Efstathopoulos, N and Tsaganos, T and Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E J and Kaldis, P and Nicolaou, V and Papalois, A and Koutoukas, P and Papachristou, G and Giamarellou, H}
}
