<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adamopoulos, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parissis,J.T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georgiadis, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karatzas,D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paraskevaidis,J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kroupis, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karavolias, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koniavitou,K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kremastinos, D.T.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth hormone administration reduces circulating proinflammatory cytokines and soluble Fas/soluble Fas ligand system in patients with chronic heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am.Heart J.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">administration &amp; dosage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">apoptosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardiomyopathy,Dilated</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Over Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytokines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drug Therapy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greece</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth Hormone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heart failure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Injections,Subcutaneous</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interleukin-6</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002/08//</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PM:12177657</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">144</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">359 - 364</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that an abnormal proinflammatory cytokine expression and apoptotic process contribute to adverse left ventricular remodeling and progress of chronic heart failure. This study investigates the effects of growth hormone (GH) administration on serum levels of representative proinflammatory cytokines and soluble apoptosis mediators in patients with chronic heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC). METHODS: Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), its soluble receptors (sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII), interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), soluble Fas (sFas) and soluble Fas Ligand (sFasL) were determined (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method) in 10 patients with IDC (New York Heart Association class III, ejection fraction 24% +/- 2%) before and after a 3-month subcutaneous administration of 4 IU GH every other day (randomized crossover design). Peak oxygen consumption (Vo(2)max) was also used to evaluate the functional status of patients with IDC. RESULTS: Treatment with GH produced a significant reduction in serum levels of TNF-alpha (8.2 +/- 1.2 vs 5.7 +/- 1.1 pg/mL, P &lt;.05), sTNF-RI (3.9 +/- 0.4 vs 3.2 +/- 0.3 ng/mL, P &lt;.05), sTNF-RII (2.6 +/- 0.3 vs 2.2 +/- 0.2 ng/mL, P &lt;.05), IL-6 (5.5 +/- 0.6 vs 4.4 +/- 0.4 pg/mL, P =.05), sIL-6R (32.7 +/- 3.0 vs 28.2 +/- 3.0 ng/mL, P &lt;.05), sFas (4.4 +/- 0.8 vs 3.1 +/- 0.6 ng/mL, P &lt;.05), and sFasL (34.2 +/- 11.7 vs 18.8 +/- 7.3 pg/mL, P &lt;.01). A significant improvement was also observed in VO2max after the completion of 3 months' treatment with GH (15.0 +/- 0.8 vs 17.2 +/- 1.0 mL/kg/min, P &lt;.05). Good correlations were found between GH-induced reduction in TNF-alpha levels and increase in VO2max (r = -0.64, P &lt;.05) as well as between GH-induced reduction in sFasL and increase in VO2max (r = -0.56, P =.08). CONCLUSIONS: GH administration reduces serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and soluble Fas/FasL system in patients with IDC. These immunomodulatory effects may be associated with improvement in clinical performance and exercise capacity of patients with IDC</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DA - 20020814IS - 1097-6744 (Electronic)IS - 0002-8703 (Linking)LA - engPT - Clinical TrialPT - Journal ArticlePT - Randomized Controlled TrialRN - 0 (Cytokines)RN - 0 (Interleukin-6)RN - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)RN - 9002-72-6 (Growth Hormone)SB - AIMSB - IM</style></notes></record></records></xml>