<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tarantili, Vicky V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Halazonetis, Demetrios J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spyropoulos, Meropi N</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The spontaneous smile in dynamic motion.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facial Muscles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lip</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ocular Physiological Phenomena</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smiling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Videotape Recording</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005 Jul</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8-15</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to record and analyze the dynamic nature of spontaneous smiles.

METHODS: Fifteen children (9 girls and 6 boys; average age, 10.5 years) were filmed with a hidden camera while they watched a funny cartoon video. Spontaneous smiles were recorded, and the video frames were digitized. Time-graphs of the measurements were constructed, and plots of the movement of the mouth points were drawn.

RESULTS: Facial measurements showed that the upper lip elevated by 28%, relative to the rest position, and the mouth increased in width by 27%. The corners of the mouth moved laterally and superiorly at an angle of approximately 47 degrees . Time analysis showed that the smiles developed in a staged fashion. The first stage (attack phase) was the shortest, lasting an average 500 ms. It was followed by a sustaining phase that included waxing and waning. The smile ended with a fade-out stage. The second and third stages were of variable duration and could be interrupted by the attack phase of a subsequent smile.

CONCLUSIONS: The dynamics of the spontaneous smile and the findings of this study raise concerns about the validity of a single photographic capture for esthetic assessment and treatment planning.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16027620?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>