@article {2124,
	title = {Purine utilization proteins in the Eurotiales: Cellular compartmentalization, phylogenetic conservation and divergence},
	journal = {Fungal Genetics and Biology},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {96-108},
	abstract = {<p>The purine utilization pathway has been thoroughly characterized in <em>Aspergillus nidulans</em>. We establish\&nbsp;here the subcellular distribution of seven key intracellular enzymes, xanthine dehydrogenase (HxA),\&nbsp;urate oxidase (UaZ), 5-hydroxy-isourate hydrolase (UaX), 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy ureido imidazoline\&nbsp;decarboxylase (UaW), allantoinase (AlX), allantoicase (AaX), ureidoglycolate lyase (UglA), and the fungal specific\&nbsp;a-ketoglutarate Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenase (XanA). HxA, AlX, AaX, UaW and XanA are\&nbsp;cytosolic, while UaZ, UaX and UglA are peroxisomal. Peroxisomal localization was confirmed by using\&nbsp;appropriate pex mutants. The pathway is largely, but not completely conserved in the Eurotiomycetes,\&nbsp;noticeably in some species AaX is substituted by an alternative enzyme of probable bacterial origin.\&nbsp;UaZ and the urate{\textendash}xanthine UapA and UapC transporters, are also localized in specific cells of the conidiophore.\&nbsp;We show that metabolic accumulation of uric acid occurring in uaZ null mutations is associated\&nbsp;with an increased frequency of appearance of morphologically distinct colony sectors, diminished\&nbsp;conidiospore production, UV resistance and an altered response to oxidation stress, which may provide\&nbsp;a rationale for the conidiophore-specific localization. The pathway-specific transcription factor UaY is\&nbsp;localized in both the cytoplasm and nuclei under non-inducing conditions, but it rapidly accumulates\&nbsp;exclusively to the nuclei upon induction by uric acid.</p>},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S108718451400108X},
	author = {K. Galanopoulou and C. Scazzochio and M.E. Galinou and W. Liu and F. Borbolis and M. Karachaliou and N. Oestreicher and D.G. Hatzinikolaou and G. Diallinas and S. Amillis}
}
