@article {10852,
	title = {The global spread of HIV-1 subtype B epidemic.},
	journal = {Infect Genet Evol},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 12},
	pages = {169-179},
	abstract = {Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was discovered in the early 1980s when the virus had already established a pandemic. For at least three decades the epidemic in the Western World has been dominated by subtype B infections, as part of a sub-epidemic that traveled from Africa through Haiti to United States. However, the pattern of the subsequent spread still remains poorly understood. Here we analyze a large dataset of globally representative HIV-1 subtype B strains to map their spread around the world over the last 50years and describe significant spread patterns. We show that subtype B travelled from North America to Western Europe in different occasions, while Central/Eastern Europe remained isolated for the most part of the early epidemic. Looking with more detail in European countries we see that the United Kingdom, France and Switzerland exchanged viral isolates with non-European countries than with European ones. The observed pattern is likely to mirror geopolitical landmarks in the post-World War II era, namely the rise and the fall of the Iron Curtain and the European colonialism. In conclusion, HIV-1 spread through specific migration routes which are consistent with geopolitical factors that affected human activities during the last 50years, such as migration, tourism and trade. Our findings support the argument that epidemic control policies should be global and incorporate political and socioeconomic factors.},
	keywords = {Cluster analysis, Epidemics, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Human Activities, Humans, Phylogeography},
	issn = {1567-7257},
	doi = {10.1016/j.meegid.2016.05.041},
	author = {Magiorkinis, Gkikas and Angelis, Konstantinos and Mamais, Ioannis and Katzourakis, Aris and Hatzakis, Angelos and Albert, Jan and Lawyer, Glenn and Hamouda, Osamah and Struck, Daniel and Vercauteren, Jurgen and Wensing, Annemarie and Alexiev, Ivailo and {\r A}sj{\"o}, Birgitta and Balotta, Claudia and Gomes, Perp{\'e}tua and Camacho, Ricardo J and Coughlan, Suzie and Griskevicius, Algirdas and Grossman, Zehava and Horban, Anders and Kostrikis, Leondios G and Lepej, Snjezana J and Liitsola, Kirsi and Linka, Marek and Nielsen, Claus and Otelea, Dan and Paredes, Roger and Poljak, Mario and Puchhammer-St{\"o}ckl, Elizabeth and Schmit, Jean Claude and S{\"o}nnerborg, Anders and Stanekov{\'a}, Danica and Stanojevic, Maja and Stylianou, Dora C and Boucher, Charles A B and Nikolopoulos, Georgios and Vasylyeva, Tetyana and Friedman, Samuel R and van de Vijver, David and Angarano, Gioacchino and Chaix, Marie-Laure and de Luca, Andrea and Korn, Klaus and Loveday, Clive and Soriano, Vincent and Yerly, Sabine and Zazzi, Mauricio and Vandamme, Anne-Mieke and Paraskevis, Dimitrios}
}
