<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hatzakis, Angelos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sypsa, Vana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paraskevis, Dimitrios</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nikolopoulos, Georgios</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsiara, Chrissa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Micha, Katerina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panopoulos, Anastasios</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malliori, Meni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psichogiou, Mina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharris, Anastasia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wiessing, Lucas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van de Laar, Marita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Donoghoe, Martin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heckathorn, Douglas D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Friedman, Samuel R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Des Jarlais, Don C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Design and baseline findings of a large-scale rapid response to an HIV outbreak in people who inject drugs in Athens, Greece: the ARISTOTLE programme.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Addiction</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Addiction</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comorbidity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disease Outbreaks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greece</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIV Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevalence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk-Taking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Socioenvironmental Therapy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Substance Abuse, Intravenous</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Sep</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">110</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1453-67</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AIMS: To (i) describe an intervention implemented in response to the HIV-1 outbreak among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in Greece (ARISTOTLE programme), (ii) assess its success in identifying and testing this population and (iii) describe socio-demographic characteristics, risk behaviours and access to treatment/prevention, estimate HIV prevalence and identify risk factors, as assessed at the first participation of PWIDs.

DESIGN: A 'seek, test, treat, retain' intervention employing five rounds of respondent-driven sampling.

SETTING: Athens, Greece (2012-13).

PARTICIPANTS: A total of 3320 individuals who had injected drugs in the past 12 months.

INTERVENTION: ARISTOTLE is an intervention that involves reaching out to high-risk, hard-to-reach PWIDs ('seek'), engaging them in HIV testing and providing information and materials to prevent HIV ('test') and initiating and maintaining anti-retroviral and opioid substitution treatment for those testing positive ('treat' and 'retain').

MEASUREMENTS: Blood samples were collected for HIV testing and personal interviews were conducted.

FINDINGS: ARISTOTLE recruited 3320 PWIDs during the course of 13.5 months. More than half (54%) participated in multiple rounds, resulting in 7113 visits. HIV prevalence was 15.1%. At their first contact with the programme, 12.5% were on opioid substitution treatment programmes and the median number of free syringes they had received in the preceding month was 0. In the multivariable analysis, apart from injection-related variables, homelessness was a risk factor for HIV infection in male PWIDs [odds ratio (OR) yes versus no = 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.41, 2.52] while, in female PWIDS, the number of sexual partners (OR for &gt; 5 versus one partner in the past year = 4.12, 95% CI = 1.93, 8.77) and history of imprisonment (OR yes versus no = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.43, 5.31) were associated with HIV.

CONCLUSIONS: In Athens, Greece, the ARISTOTLE intervention for identifying HIV-positive people among people who inject drugs (PWID) facilitated rapid identification of a hidden population experiencing an outbreak and provided HIV testing, counselling and linkage to care. According to ARISTOTLE data, the 2011 HIV outbreak in Athens resulted in 15% HIV infection among PWID. Risk factors for HIV among PWID included homelessness in men and history of imprisonment and number of sexual partners in women.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26032121?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>