<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dalamanga, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dimakakos, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kostoglou-Papalambrou, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Papageorgiou, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davea-Mela, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rizos, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigation of laboratory parameters in primary raynaud's phenomenon: Their changes and clinical significance</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vascular Surgery</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997///</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">623 - 629</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The authors investigated 125 patients suffering from primary Raynaud's phenomenon by the following laboratory hematologic parameters: (1) cryofibrinogen and cryoglobulins; (2) serum albumins and immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM, as well as complement factors C3 and C4; (3) clotting inhibitors, antithrombin III, protein C and protein S, as well as α1 antitrypsin. Results were as follows: 77 (62%) patients had cryofibrinogen in their blood plasma, 50 (40%) patients had precipitation of cryoglobulins, and 65 (52%) patients had an increase of α2 globulin in the serum electrophoresis. Of the immunoglobulins, IgM was found increased in 42 patients (34%). Of the clotting time inhibitors, antithrombin III (AT III) had a lower activity in 50 (40%) patients as compared with that of normal subjects. Protein C, protein S, and α1 antitrypsin levels were lower in 21 (16.8%), 13 (10.4%), and 10 (8%) of patients, respectively. Statistical analysis of the results showed that all the protein fractions except for γ- globulin presented a statistically significant difference as compared with those of the controls (P &lt;0.0001). Immunoglobulins IgG and IgA of the patients were significantly lower than those of the normal controls (P &lt;0.001). The C3 and C4 factors of the complement presented statistically significant lower values (P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.0001 respectively). Finally, AT III appeared in lower values than those of the normal controls, being statistically significant (P &lt; 0.0001). These results suggest that patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon present changes in the levels of certain hematologic parameters, a fact that is probably connected with etiology. Thus further study and assessment might contribute to the diagnosis, discovery of the subjective systemic etiology, and better therapeutic management of Raynaud's phenomenon.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record></records></xml>