@article {12958, title = {Can we detect centennial sea-level variation over the last three thousand years in Israeli archaeological records?}, journal = {Elsevier}, volume = {210}, year = {2019}, pages = {125-135}, abstract = {Archaeological remains are valuable relative\ sea-level\ (RSL) indicators in Israel, a tectonically stable coast with minor isostatic inputs. Previous research has used archaeological indicators to argue for centennial sea-level fluctuations. Here, we place archaeological indicators in a quality-controlled dataset where all indicators have consistently calculated vertical and chronological uncertainties, and we subject the data to statistical analysis. We combine the archaeological data with bio-construction data from\ Dendropoma petraeum\ colonial vermetids. The final dataset consists of 99 relative sea-level index points and 12 limiting points from the last 4000 a. The\ temporal distribution\ of the index points is uneven; Israel has only four index points before 2000 a BP. We apply an Errors-In-Variables Integrated Gaussian Process (EIV IGP) to the index points to model the evolution of RSL. Results show RSL in Israel rose from\ -0.8 {\textpm} 0.5 m at \~{}2750 a BP (Iron Age) to 0.0 {\textpm} 0.1 m by \~{}1850 a BP (Roman period) at 0.8 mm/a, and continued rising to 0.1 {\textpm} 0.1 m until \~{}1600 a BP (Byzantine Period). RSL then fell to\ -0.3 {\textpm} 0.1 m by 0.5 mm/a until \~{}650 a BP (Late Arab period), before returning to present levels at a rate of 0.4 mm/a. The re-assessed Israeli record supports centennial-scale RSL fluctuations during the last 3000 a BP, although the magnitude of the RSL fall during the last 2000 a BP is 50\% less. The new Israel RSL record demonstrates correspondence with regional climate proxies. This quality-controlled Israeli RSL dataset can serve as a reference for comparisons with other sea-level records from the Eastern Mediterranean.}, author = {Dean, S. and Horton, B. and Evelpidou, N. and Cahill, N. and Spada, G. and Sivan, D.} }