<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dean, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sivan, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evelpidou, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baika, K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3.000 Years of East Mediterranean Sea Levels: Archaeological Indicators from Greece Combined with Israeli Coast Data</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14th International Conference of the Geological Society of Greece</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25-27 May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thessaloniki, Greece</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div&gt;The study &quot;3,000 Years of East Mediterranean Sea Levels&quot; investigates whether trends observed&amp;nbsp;during this period in Israel from archaeological indications can be corroborated and strengthened&amp;nbsp;by comparing them with relative sea levels observed in Greece. The process is comprised of&amp;nbsp;three questions: 1) What types of archaeological sea-level indicators in Greece and Israel have&amp;nbsp;the highest level of reliability for dating and sea-level evaluation? 2) What are the overall trends&amp;nbsp;of sea-level change in Greece and Israel during the last 3,000 years, and what degree of error do&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;these curves have? 3) What if any regional trends can be identified from the combined Greek and&amp;nbsp;Israeli data? To answer the above questions, three objectives are pursued: 1) Identify&amp;nbsp;archaeological RSL indicators of the last 3,000 years in Israel and Greece, including already&amp;nbsp;published indicators with adequate measurements, those published but in need of new&amp;nbsp;measurements, and unpublished potential indicators. 2) Assess the reliability of indicators using&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;a consistent scoring system, correction for isostatic and tectonic effects, more precise&amp;nbsp;measurements from indicators, and by exploring new methods to determine the chronology of&amp;nbsp;rock carved indicators in Israel. 3) Using the assembled data, create a sea-level reconstruction for&amp;nbsp;Greece, and combine the data with existing reconstructions from Israel for an analysis of&amp;nbsp;matching trends. The study began with research of published sources and was supplemented by&amp;nbsp;field activity. Surveys in Greece including Crete to assess both published and potential indicators&amp;nbsp;occurred. Ruins from Chersonisos and Matala in Crete were examined and new measurements&amp;nbsp;were taken from the latter. Fieldwork was also performed in Israel, including measurements from&amp;nbsp;Caesarea for functional elevations on water channels at the promontory palace pool, at Achziv's&amp;nbsp;fishpond, and around Tel Dor. The survey collected nearly 140 indicators from Israel and about&amp;nbsp;120 from Greece (excluding those outside the project's chronological scope). Of the Israeli&amp;nbsp;indicators, some 120 were deemed reliable enough for reconstructions, whereas in Greece only&amp;nbsp;40 were, and not all of these from tectonically stable areas. The higher reliability of the Israeli&amp;nbsp;dataset may stem from a smaller coastline and more focused sea-level research over the past few&amp;nbsp;decades. In Greece, many measurements were taken by archaeologists in the 20th century before&amp;nbsp;precise surveying methods were available, and published without sufficient metadata. Since then&amp;nbsp;some of the sites have also become inaccessible to sea-level researchers. Analysis of indicators&amp;nbsp;revealed gaps and disparities between the two regional datasets. Israel has a very strong set of&amp;nbsp;many indicators from the Roman Period (~2000BP) to present, but fewer from 3000-2000BP.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Greek indicators are strongly clustered in the Classical and Hellenistic Periods (2500-2000BP)&amp;nbsp;with fewer before or after. These disparities make it difficult to effectively compare sea level&amp;nbsp;between regions, but results suggest some correspondence of the curves. Analysis supports the&amp;nbsp;work of previous Israeli researchers and suggests a relatively stable sea level there for the last&amp;nbsp;2000 years, with possible fluctuations not exceeding half a meter above or below current sea&amp;nbsp;level at ~1500BP and ~750BP respectively. Both regions indicate a sea level rise between 2500-2000BP, but more data from Israel is needed to confirm this, while data from 3000-2500BP in&amp;nbsp;Israel and Greece alike is scarce. In addition to the overall regional RSL comparisons, the current&amp;nbsp;study also identifies the need for ongoing research and data collection: Continuing the search for&amp;nbsp;sea-level indicators in Israel from 3000-2000BP, and in Greece from 3000-2500BP and from&amp;nbsp;2000BP to present, particularly in areas of reported tectonic stability like the Cyclades.&lt;/div&gt;</style></abstract></record></records></xml>