<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koutsomichou, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poulos, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evelpidou, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anagnostou, Ch.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ghionis, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vassilopoulos, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of beachrock formations in the evolution of embayed coastal zones of Attica (Greece) in relation to sea level rise. The case of Kalivia beach zone.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32 (1)</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49-56</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div&gt;The coastline of Attica incorporates a great number of pocket beaches,&amp;nbsp;which are characterised further by the presence of extensive beachrock&amp;nbsp;formations. The present study concerns the evolution (past, present and&amp;nbsp;future) of the Kalyvia beach zone, located at the western coast of Attica&amp;nbsp;and at a distance of 42 km from the city of Athens. The subaerial part of&amp;nbsp;the beach zone consists of mixed materials (mainly sand, granules and&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;gravel), while extensive beachrock formations exist on its shoreface. The&amp;nbsp;beach is exposed primarily to southern wind-induced waves, the largest&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;of which (offshore wave height up to 6m and period &amp;gt;11sec) begin to&amp;nbsp;break at about 8 m of water depth and have a run-up capability of approximately&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;1.5 m. Most of the subaqueous part of the Kalyvia beach&amp;nbsp;zone is lithified, as the beachrocks extend from the shoreline down to&amp;nbsp;&amp;gt;8 m of water depth. This part of the beach zone may be subdivided further&amp;nbsp;into three units: the deeper one (water depths &amp;gt;7m), the middle&amp;nbsp;(depths 5-6.5 m) and the upper unit (from 4 m depth up to the shoreline).&amp;nbsp;This almost continuous presence is related to the gradual sea level&amp;nbsp;rise during the upper Holocene (past 6.000 years), indicating also a relative&amp;nbsp;climatic stability and/or homogeneity during this period, although&amp;nbsp;some morphological and structural differences in the beachrock indicate&amp;nbsp;changes either in the rate of sea level rise or in the prevailing climatic&amp;nbsp;conditions. Over the last decades, human activities and constructions&amp;nbsp;have deprived the beach of hinterland sediment supply, changing, therefore,&amp;nbsp;its sedimentological character. During this period, beachrocks have&amp;nbsp;played a ‘protective role’ stabilizing and reducing substantially the retreat&amp;nbsp;of the beach zone, which on the basis of the landward boundary displacement&amp;nbsp;of the beachrocks has been estimated to be in the order of 30cm&amp;nbsp;per year from 1969 to 2005. This retreat is attributed to the marine erosion&amp;nbsp;of the sediment that used to cover the upper beachrock formations,&amp;nbsp;in combination to the sea-level rise (approx. 18 cm over the past century)&amp;nbsp;and the lack of sediment supply. Moreover, this degradation of the Kalyvia&amp;nbsp;beach zone is expected to be intensified by the potential future sea&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;level rise (approximately 38 cm for the year 2100).&lt;/div&gt;</style></abstract></record></records></xml>