@article {41781,
	title = {The high energy X-ray probe (HEX-P): studying extreme accretion with ultraluminous X-ray sources},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2023},
	month = {2023/11/1},
	pages = {1289432},
	abstract = {Introduction: Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) represent an extreme class of accreting compact objects: from the identification of some of the accretors as neutron stars to the detection of powerful winds travelling at 0.1{\textendash}0.2 c, the increasing evidence points towards ULXs harbouring stellar-mass compact objects undergoing highly super-Eddington accretion. Measuring their intrinsic properties, such as the accretion rate onto the compact object, the outflow rate, the masses of accretor/companion-hence their progenitors, lifetimes, and future evolution-is challenging due to ULXs being mostly extragalactic and in crowded fields. Yet ULXs represent our best opportunity to understand super-Eddington accretion physics and the paths through binary evolution to eventual double compact object binaries and gravitational-wave sources. Methods: Through a combination of end-to-end and single-source simulations, we investigate the ability of HEX-P to study ULXs in the context of their host galaxies and compare it to XMM-Newton and NuSTAR, the current instruments with the most similar capabilities.Results: HEX-P{\textquoteright}s higher sensitivity, which is driven by its narrow point-spread function and low background, allows it to detect pulsations and broad spectral features from ULXs better than XMM-Newton and NuSTAR.Discussion: We describe the value of HEX-P in understanding ULXs and their associated key physics, through a combination of broadband sensitivity, timing resolution, and angular resolution, which make the mission ideal for pulsation detection and low-background, broadband spectral studies.},
	keywords = {Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics},
	url = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023FrASS..1089432B},
	author = {Bachetti, Matteo and Middleton, Matthew J. and Pinto, Ciro and G{\'u}rpide, Andr{\'e}s and Walton, Dominic J. and Brightman, Murray and Lehmer, Bret and Roberts, Timothy P. and Vasilopoulos, Georgios and Alford, Jason and Amato, Roberta and Ambrosi, Elena and Dai, Lixin and Earnshaw, Hannah P. and El Byad, Hamza and Garc{\'\i}a, Javier A. and Luca Israel, Gian and Jaodand, Amruta and Madsen, Kristin and Maitra, Chandreyee and Mandel, Shifra and Mori, Kaya and Pintore, Fabio and Ohsuga, Ken and Pilia, Maura and Stern, Daniel and Younes, George and Wolter, Anna}
}
