@article {11214,
	title = {Clinical Significance of Hu-Antigen Receptor (HuR)   and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Expression in Human   Malignant and Benign Thyroid Lesions.},
	journal = {Pathol Oncol Res},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Jan},
	pages = {189-96},
	abstract = {Hu-antigen R (HuR) is considered to play a crucial role in tumor formation and growth by binding to mRNAs encoding proteins such as Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducing their expression via mRNA stabilization and/or altered translation. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of HuR and COX-2 proteins{\textquoteright} expression in human benign and malignant thyroid lesions. HuR and COX-2 proteins{\textquoteright} expression was assessed immunohistochemically on paraffin-embedded thyroid tissues obtained from 98 patients with benign (n = 48) and malignant (n = 50) lesions and was statistically analyzed with clinicopathological parameters, follicular cells{\textquoteright} proliferative capacity and recurrence risk rate. Enhanced HuR and COX-2 expression was significantly more frequently observed in malignant compared to benign thyroid lesions (p = 0.0073 and p = 0.0016, respectively), as well as in papillary carcinomas compared to hyperplastic nodules (p = 0.0039 and p = 0.0009, respectively). Positive associations of both HuR and COX-2 expression with follicular cells{\textquoteright} proliferation rate were also noted (p = 0.0087 and p = 0.0127, respectively). In malignant thyroid lesions, elevated COX-2 expression was significantly associated with female patients{\textquoteright} gender (p = 0.0381) and the presence of lymph node metastases (p = 0.0296). The present data support evidence that both HuR and COX-2 may be involved in the malignant state of thyroid neoplasia and may be utilized in the diagnosis of malignant thyroid tumors.},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Biomarkers, Tumor, Carcinoma, Papillary, Case-Control Studies, Cyclooxygenase 2, ELAV-Like Protein 1, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hyperplasia, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Lymphatic Metastasis, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Grading, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Neoplasm Staging, Prognosis, Survival Rate, Thyroid Gland, Thyroid Neoplasms},
	issn = {1532-2807},
	doi = {10.1007/s12253-015-9997-5},
	author = {Giaginis, Constantinos and Alexandrou, Paraskevi and Delladetsima, Ioanna and Karavokyros, Ioannis and Danas, Eugene and Giagini, Athina and Patsouris, Efstratios and Theocharis, Stamatios}
}
