@article {41,
	title = {Combined geophysical techniques for detailed groundwater flow investigation in tectonically deformed fractured rocks},
	journal = {Annals of Geophysics},
	volume = {56},
	number = {6},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Applied Geophysics; Electrical tomography; hydrogeology; 3D modellingAnnals of Geophysics6},
	pages = {1-7},
	abstract = {In this paper we present a combination of several near surface geophysicalΒ\&nbsp;investigation techniques with high resolution remote sensingΒ\&nbsp;image interpretations, in order to define the groundwater flow pathsΒ\&nbsp;and whether they can be affected by future seismic events. A seasonalΒ\&nbsp;spring (Amvrakia) located at the foot of Meteora pillars near the villageΒ\&nbsp;of Kastraki (Greece) was chosen as a test site. The Meteora conglomeraticΒ\&nbsp;formations crop out throughout the study area and areΒ\&nbsp;characterized by large discontinuities caused by post Miocene till presentΒ\&nbsp;tectonic deformation [Ferriere et al. 2011, Royden and PapanikolaouΒ\&nbsp;2011]. A network of groundwater pathways has been developedΒ\&nbsp;above the impermeable marls underlying the conglomeratic strata. OurΒ\&nbsp;research aims to define these water pathways in order to investigate andΒ\&nbsp;understand the exact mechanism of the spring by mapping the exposedΒ\&nbsp;discontinuity network with classic field mapping and remote sensingΒ\&nbsp;image interpretation and define their underground continuity with theΒ\&nbsp;contribution of near surface geophysical techniques. Five Very Low FrequencyΒ\&nbsp;(VLF) profiles were conducted with different directions aroundΒ\&nbsp;the spring aiming to detect possible conductive zones in the conglomeraticΒ\&nbsp;formations that the study area consists of. Moreover, two ElectricalΒ\&nbsp;Resistivity Tomography (ERT) sections of a total length of 140m wereΒ\&nbsp;carried out parallel to the VLF profiles for cross-checking and verifyingΒ\&nbsp;the geophysical information. Both techniques revealed important conductiveΒ\&nbsp;zones (\&lt;200 Ohm m) within the conglomerate strata, which weΒ\&nbsp;interpret as discontinuities filled with water supplying the spring, whichΒ\&nbsp;are quite vulnerable to displacements as the hydraulic connections betweenΒ\&nbsp;them might be easily disturbed after a future seismic event.},
	keywords = {3D modelling, Applied Geophysics, Electrical tomography, hydrogeology},
	isbn = {2037-416X|escape}},
	author = {Alexopoulos, John D. and Vassilakis, Emmanuel and Dilalos, Spyridon}
}
