<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kouzas, Dimitrios</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Athanasiou, Kyriacos</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;span style=&quot;color: #131314; font-family: 'Manrope Var', Manrope, 'Inter Var', Inter, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;TEACHING THE AGE OF THE EARTH USING ChatGPT&lt;/span&gt;</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34411.66083</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://rgdoi.net/10.13140/RG.2.2.34411.66083</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University of Ioannina</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preveza-Greece</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;span&gt;The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and its integration into education create new&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;opportunities for teaching natural sciences, offering dynamic tools that enhance the learning process. This&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;study explores the use of ChatGPT as a support tool for teaching the age of the Earth in secondary education.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Specifically, it presents a teaching scenario that combines active inquiry, collaborative learning, and critical&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;thinking, enabling students to interact with ChatGPT for searching, processing, and evaluating scientific&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;information.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;The methodology is based on a blended learning model, which combines traditional teaching with&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;technology. In this approach, students formulate questions, analyze responses, and compare ChatGPT’s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;information with established scientific sources. Additionally, the study investigates the challenges associated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;with AI use in education, such as the need for digital literacy, information reliability, and the role of teachers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;as mediators in the learning process. The proposed teaching scenario consists of three parts: 1. Introductory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;teaching, where fundamental concepts about the age of the Earth and scientific dating methods are presented.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;2. Interaction with ChatGPT, where students organized into groups, pose questions, search for answers, and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;evaluate the information received. 3. Evaluation and feedback to compare learning progress and explore&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;students' experience of using the tool.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;The quantitative analysis of the research is based on the following data collection tools: Pre-test and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;post-test,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;measuring&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;students’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;cognitive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;development&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;before&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;after&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;using&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;ChatGPT.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Likert-scale&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;questionnaires to capture students' experience and their perception of the reliability and usefulness of such&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;tools. Statistical data analysis, extracting conclusions about the effectiveness of integrating ChatGPT into&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;teaching practices.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;It was concluded that the use of ChatGPT enhanced learning engagement, encouraged an enquiry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;approach and the development of students' critical thinking. Through statistical analysis of the data, it was&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;concluded that it improved the cognitive level and the degree of understanding of the concepts. However, it&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;highlights the need for appropriate pedagogical guidance and educational policy to ensure the proper use of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;such AI tools in the educational process.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Keywords&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;: Artificial Intelligence, Education 4.0, ChatGPT, Age of the Earth&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;em&gt;(PDF) TEACHING THE AGE OF THE EARTH USING ChatGPT&lt;/em&gt;. Available from: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/392575642_TEACHING_THE_AGE_OF_THE_EARTH_USING_ChatGPT?channel=doi&amp;amp;linkId=68493f906b5a287c304a6fa1&amp;amp;showFulltext=true&quot;&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/392575642_TEACHING_THE_AGE_OF_THE_EARTH_USING_ChatGPT?channel=doi&amp;amp;linkId=68493f906b5a287c304a6fa1&amp;amp;showFulltext=true&lt;/a&gt; [accessed Sep 24 2025].</style></abstract></record></records></xml>