Gynaecological problems are rare in childhood and adolescence but can cause signifi cant distress to affected children and their families. These children may first visit paediatric surgeons and paediatricians who may not be familiar with gynaecological ailments. It is important that paediatric surgeons are aware of these problems to ensure correct management with appropriate referral if necessary. This chapter describes common gynaecological conditions occurring in children. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

The benefits of a minimally invasive approach are now well documented in adult women, and thus surgeons have embraced the notion of expanding such expertise in adolescence with measured enthusiasm and a great sense of responsibility. Faster recovery is likely to have a positive impact on schooling, while less adhesion formation may reduce future fertility issues. Gynaecologists performing minimally invasive procedures in adolescents ought to be aware of the steep learning curve required for achieving proficiency with complex laparoscopic surgery. In the group of rare congenital anomalies and advanced endometriosis, the best surgical results can only be achieved after careful preoperative planning by a multidisciplinary team © 2008 The Authors.