<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karalis, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macheras, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacodynamic considerations in bioequivalence assessment: comparison of novel and existing metrics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bioequivalence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">direct curve comparison metrics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pharmacodynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">simulated trials</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAY</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45-56</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This study addresses the utility of pharmacodynamic considerations to the assessment of bioequivalence (BE) studies. A novel methodology was developed and the performance of classic, nonclassic and novel BE indices was evaluated using extensive simulations of BE trials generated from a classic pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) model. Three novel indices based on drug's pharmacodynamics were developed and served as criteria for the assessment of all BE indices. Modified power curves were constructed and used for the analysis of BE trials from a PD point of view. All BE indices of either purely PK or PD nature were classified in a semiquantitative manner according to their strictness in declaring BE. The partial area until the peak concentration followed by the two newly proposed metrics (MARD, MARD(w1)) exhibited the most strict performance in declaring BE irrespective of the PK scenarios examined. The study opens new avenues in BE assessment since it places more emphasis on the PD aspects of the formulations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type></record></records></xml>