@article {21686,
	title = {A roadmap to hadronic supercriticalities: a comprehensive study of the parameter space for high-energy astrophysical sources},
	volume = {495},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020/05/1},
	pages = {2458 - 2474},
	abstract = {Hadronic supercriticalities are radiative instabilities that appear when large amounts of energy are stored in relativistic protons. When the proton energy density exceeds some critical value, a runaway process is initiated resulting in the explosive transfer of the proton energy into electron-positron pairs and radiation. The runaway also leads to an increase of the radiative efficiency, namely the ratio of the photon luminosity to the injected proton luminosity. We perform a comprehensive study of the parameter space by investigating the onset of hadronic supercriticalities for a wide range of source parameters (I.e. magnetic field strengths of 1 G-100 kG and radii of 10<SUP>11</SUP>-10<SUP>16</SUP> cm) and maximum proton Lorentz factors (10<SUP>3</SUP>-10<SUP>9</SUP>). We show that supercriticalities are possible for the whole range of source parameters related to compact astrophysical sources, like gamma-ray bursts and cores and jets of active galactic nuclei. We also provide an in-depth look at the physical mechanisms of hadronic supercriticalities and show that magnetized relativistic plasmas are excellent examples of non-linear dynamical systems in high-energy astrophysics.},
	keywords = {Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, gamma-ray burst: general, INSTABILITIES, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal},
	isbn = {0035-8711},
	url = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020MNRAS.495.2458M},
	author = {Mastichiadis, Apostolos and Florou, Ioulia and Kefala, Elina and Boula, Stella S. and Petropoulou, Maria}
}
