@article {40022,
	title = {A Neutral Beam Model for High-energy Neutrino Emission from the Blazar TXS 0506+056},
	volume = {889},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020/02/1},
	pages = {118},
	publisher = {IOP},
	abstract = {The IceCube collaboration reported an \~{}3.5σ excess of 13 {\textpm} 5 neutrino events in the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 during an \~{}6 month period in 2014-2015, as well as the (\~{}3σ) detection of a high-energy muon neutrino during an electromagnetic flare in 2017. We explore the possibility that the 2014-2015 neutrino excess and the 2017 multimessenger flare are both explained in a common physical framework that relies on the emergence of a relativistic neutral beam in the blazar jet due to interactions of accelerated cosmic rays (CRs) with photons. We demonstrate that the neutral beam model provides an explanation for the 2014-2015 neutrino excess without violating X-ray and γ-ray constraints and yields results consistent with the detection of one high-energy neutrino during the 2017 flare. If both neutrino associations with TXS 05065+056 are real, our model requires that (I) the composition of accelerated CRs is light, with a ratio of helium nuclei to protons ≳5; (II) a luminous external photon field (\~{}10<SUP>46</SUP> erg s<SUP>-1</SUP>) variable (on yearlong timescales) is present; and (III) the CR injection luminosity, as well as the properties of the dissipation region (I.e., Lorentz factor, magnetic field, and size), vary on yearlong timescales.},
	keywords = {1100, 16, 164, 329, 628, 731, 739, 870, 96, active galactic nuclei, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Blazars, cosmic rays, Gamma-ray astronomy, High energy astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High-energy cosmic radiation, Jets, Neutrino astronomy, Particle astrophysics},
	isbn = {0004-637X},
	url = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020ApJ...889..118Z},
	author = {Zhang, B. Theodore and Petropoulou, Maria and Murase, Kohta and Oikonomou, Foteini}
}
