@article {40053,
	title = {A simplified view of blazars: the neutrino background},
	volume = {452},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015/09/1},
	pages = {1877 - 1887},
	publisher = {OUP},
	abstract = {Blazars have been suggested as possible neutrino sources long before the recent IceCube discovery of high-energy neutrinos. We re-examine this possibility within a new framework built upon the blazar simplified view and a self-consistent modelling of neutrino emission from individual sources. The former is a recently proposed paradigm that explains the diverse statistical properties of blazars adopting minimal assumptions on blazars{\textquoteright} physical and geometrical properties. This view, tested through detailed Monte Carlo simulations, reproduces the main features of radio, X-ray, and γ-ray blazar surveys and also the extragalactic γ-ray background at energies ≳ 10 GeV. Here, we add a hadronic component for neutrino production and estimate the neutrino emission from BL Lacertae objects as a class, {\textquoteleft}calibrated{\textquoteright} by fitting the spectral energy distributions of a preselected sample of such objects and their (putative) neutrino spectra. Unlike all previous papers on this topic, the neutrino background is then derived by summing up at a given energy the fluxes of each BL Lac in the simulation, all characterized by their own redshift, synchrotron peak energy, γ-ray flux, etc. Our main result is that BL Lacs as a class can explain the neutrino background seen by IceCube above \~{}0.5 PeV while they only contribute \~{}10 per cent at lower energies, leaving room to some other population(s)/physical mechanism. However, one cannot also exclude the possibility that individual BL Lacs still make a contribution at the ≈20 per cent level to the IceCube low-energy events. Our scenario makes specific predictions, which are testable in the next few years.},
	keywords = {Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, BL Lacertae objects: general, gamma-rays: galaxies, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, neutrinos, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal},
	isbn = {0035-8711},
	url = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MNRAS.452.1877P},
	author = {Padovani, P. and Petropoulou, M. and Giommi, P. and Resconi, E.}
}
