<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murase, Kohta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oikonomou, Foteini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petropoulou, Maria</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blazar Flares as an Origin of High-energy Cosmic Neutrinos?</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Astrophysical Journal</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">astroparticle physics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">galaxies: active</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">galaxies: jets</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gamma rays: galaxies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">High Energy Physics - Phenomenology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">neutrinos</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radiation mechanisms: non-thermal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018/10/1</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApJ...865..124M</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IOP</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">865</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">124</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0004-637X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We consider implications of high-energy neutrino emission from blazar flares, including the recent event IceCube-170922A and the 2014-2015 neutrino flare that could originate from TXS 0506+056. First, we discuss their contribution to the diffuse neutrino intensity taking into account various observational constraints. Blazars are likely to be subdominant in the diffuse neutrino intensity at sub-PeV energies, and we show that blazar flares like those of TXS 0506+056 could make ≲1%-10% of the total neutrino intensity. We also argue that the neutrino output of blazars can be dominated by the flares in the standard leptonic scenario for their γ-ray emission, and energetic flares may still be detected with a rate of ≲ 1 {yr}}&lt;SUP&gt;-1&lt;/SUP&gt;. Second, we consider multi-messenger constraints on the source modeling. We show that luminous neutrino flares should be accompanied by luminous broadband cascade emission, emerging also in X-rays and γ-rays. This implies that not only γ-ray telescopes like Fermi but also X-ray sky monitors such as Swift and MAXI are critical to test the canonical picture based on the single-zone modeling. We also suggest a two-zone model that can naturally satisfy the X-ray constraints while explaining the flaring neutrinos via either photomeson or hadronuclear processes.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>