@article {745,
	title = {Climate variability and urbanization in Athens},
	journal = {Theoretical and Applied Climatology},
	volume = {63},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Theor. Appl. Climatol.Cited By (since 1996):46Export Date: 13 October 2014Correspondence Address: Philandras, C.M.; Rsrch. Ctr. for Atmospheric Physics, Climatology of Academy of Athens, 3rd September Str No. 131, GR-11251 Athens, GreeceReferences: Bartzokas, A., Metaxas, D.A., Climate fluctuation of temperature and air circulation in the Mediterranean. Environment and quality of life. Climate and global change (1991) Proceedings of the European School of Climatology and Natural Hazards Course, pp. 279-297. , Arles/Rhone, France; Bartzokas, A., Metaxas, D.A., Factor analysis of some climatological elements in athens, 1931-1992: Covariability and climatic change (1995) Theor. Appl. Climatol., 52, pp. 195-205; Carapiperis, L.N., Catsoulis, B., Contribution to the study of sea-breeze in Athens area during the winter (1977) Bull. Hellenic Meteor. Soc., 2 (6), pp. 1-18; Ceschia, M., Linussio, A., Micheletti, S., Trend analysis of monthly maximum and minimum surface temperatures of the 1951-1990 period in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (1994) Il Nuovo Cimento, 17 C (4), pp. 511-521; Chronopoulou-Sereli, A., Thermal air pollution in greater Athens area (1993) Proc. of the 3rd Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, Lesvos, Greece, 6-9 September 1993, B, pp. 191-197; Cohen, S., Stanhill, G., Contemporary climate change in Jordan valley (1996) J. Appl. Meteor., 53, pp. 1051-1058; Ginis, S., Zambakas, J., The influence of the Athens basin urbanization on the ground wind speed (1976) Bull. Hellenic Meteor. Soc., 1 (1), pp. 41-45; Jaffe, S., Has a warming of the air occurred in Israel (1991) Meteor. Isr., 26, pp. 91-92; Karapiperis, P.P., The variability of climatic temperature in Rome and Athens (1961) Geofisica Pura e Applicata, 8, pp. 63-70; Katsoulis, B., Theoharatos, G., Indications of the urban heat island in Athens, Greece (1985) J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 24, pp. 1296-1302; Lee, O.D., Urban warming? An analysis of recent trends in London{\textquoteright}s heat island (1992) Weather, 47, pp. 50-56; Metaxas, D.A., Bartzokas, A., Vitsas, A., Temperature Fluctuations in the Mediterranean Area during the last 120 years (1991) Int. J. Climatol., 11, pp. 897-908; Nasrallah, H.A., Brazel, A.J., Balling, R.C., Analysis of the Kuwait city urban heat island (1990) Int. J. Climatol., 10, pp. 401-405; Proedrou, M., Theoharatos, G., Cartalis, C., Variations and trends in annual and seasonal air temperatures in greece determined from ground and satellite measurements (1997) Theor. Appl. Climatol., 57, pp. 65-78; Repapis, C.C., Metaxas, D.A., The possible influence of the urbanization in Athens city on the air temperature climatic fluctuations at the national observatory (1985) Proceedings of the 3rd Hellenic-British Climatological Congress, in Athens, 17-21 April 1985, pp. 188-195; Repapis, C.C., Philandras, C.M., A note on the air temperature trends of the last 100 years, as evidenced in the Eastern Mediterranean Time Series (1988) Theor. Appl. Climatol., 39, pp. 93-107; (1996) Statement on the Status of the Global Climate in 1995, 838},
	pages = {65-72},
	abstract = {The effects of urbanization on the Athens National Observatory (NOA) long records are investigated, in the present study, examining the mean monthly maximum and minimum air temperature for the period 1925-1996, for NOA and the corresponding time series for Aliartos (ALI), a rural station located 70 km NW of Athens. The existing small urbanization effect in NOA before the second world war period increased after the war and up to about 1990, when the effect became stationary. The urbanization effect in NOA referred mainly to maximum temperature and to the warmer seasons of the year. It is attributed to the extensive building of Athens after the war around NOA site and up to the sea which increases the temperature of the sea breeze. The effect is also attributed to the rapid increase of the population and the number of motor vehicles mainly after 1970. Moreover the decreasing trend of precipitation during the period 1970-1990 may have contributed to the increase of maximum air temperature. The urbanization effect on maximum temperatures of NOA amounts about 2 Β{\textdegree}C in spring, summer and less in fall, while no urbanization effect is clear in winter.},
	keywords = {air temperature, Climate change, Greece, urbanization},
	isbn = {0177798X (ISSN)},
	author = {Philandras, C. M. and Metaxas, D. A. and Nastos, P. T.}
}
