@article {6504,
	title = {Leaf structure and histochemistry of Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich. (squirting cucumber)},
	journal = {Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants},
	volume = {206},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Cited By :6Export Date: 7 February 2017CODEN: FLRABCorrespondence Address: Christodoulakis, N.S.; Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens 15701, Greece; email: nchristo@biol.uoa.grReferences: Attard, E., Brincat, M.P., Cuschieri, A., Immunomodulatory activity of cucurbitacin E isolated from Ecballium elaterium (2005) Fitoterapia, 76, pp. 439-441;Axelrod, D.I., History of the Mediterranean ecosystems in California (1973) Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems. Origin and Structure, pp. 225-277. , Springer, Berlin, F. Di Castri, H.A. Mooney (Eds.); 
Blaskovich, M.A., Jiazhi, S., Cantor, A., Turkson, J., Jove, R., Sebti, S.M., Discovery of JSI-124 (Cucurbitacin I), a selective Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and activator of Transcription 3 signalling pathway inhibitor with potent antitumor activity against human and murine cancer cells in mice (2003) Cancer Res., 63, pp. 1270-1279; 
Bronner, R., Simultaneous demonstration of lipid and starch in plant tissues (1975) Stain Technol., 50, pp. 1-4; 
Cappelletti, E.M., Caniato, R., Appendino, G., Localization of cytotoxic hydroperoxy-eudesmanolides in Artemisia umbelliformis (1986) Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 14, pp. 183-190; 
Carr, S.G.M., Carr, D.J., Intercellular pectin strands in parenchyma; studies of plant cell walls by scanning electron microscopy (1975) Aust. J. Bot., 23, pp. 95-105; 
Carr, D.J., Carr, S.G.M., Origin and development of stomatal microanatomy in two species of Eucalyptus (1978) Protoplasma, 96, pp. 127-148; 
Carr, D.J., Oates, K., Carr, S.G.M., Studies on inter-cellular pectic strands of leaf palisade parenchyma (1980) Annals of Botany, pp. 403-413; 
Christodoulakis, N.S., An anatomical study of seasonal dimorphism in the leaves of Phlomis fruticosa (1989) Ann. Bot., 63, pp. 389-394; 
Christodoulakis, N.S., Structural diversity and adaptations in some mediterranean evergreen sclerophyllous species (1992) Env. Exp. Bot., 32, pp. 295-305; 
Christodoulakis, N.S., Bazos, J., Leaf anatomy of three seasonally dimorphic subshrubs (1990) Act. Oecol., 11, pp. 291-296; 
Christodoulakis, N.S., Fasseas, C., Seasonal dimorphism of Phlomis fruticosa under controlled environmental conditions (1991) Act. Oecol., 12, pp. 323-330; 
Christodoulakis, N.S., Mitrakos, K., Structural analysis of sclerophylly in eleven evergreen phanerophytes in Greece (1987) Plant Response to Stress. NATO ASI Series, G15, pp. 547-551. , Springer, Berlin; 
Christodoulakis, N.S., Tsimbani, H., Fasseas, C., Leaf structural peculiarities in Sarcopoterium spinosum, a seasonally dimorphic subshrub (1990) Ann. Bot., 65, pp. 291-300; 
Christodoulakis, N.S., Lampri, P.-N., Fasseas, C., Structural and cytochemical investigation on the leaf of silverleaf nightshade (Solanum eleagnifolium), a drought resistant alien weed of the Greek flora (2009) Aust. J. Bot., 57, pp. 432-438; 
(2001) 77 A.D. De Materia Medica, , Dioscurides Militos Publications, Athens; 
Eleftheriou, E.P., Microtubules and cell wall development in differentiating protophloem sieve elements of Triticum aestivum L (1986) J. Cell Sci., 87, pp. 595-607; 
Eleftheriou, E.P., Tsekos, I., Development of protophloem in roots of Aegilops comosa var. thessalica. II. Sieve-elements differentiation (1982) Am. J. Bot., 34, pp. 224-233; 
Fahn, A., Cutler, D.F., (1992) Xerophytes. Encyclopedia of Plant Anatomy, 13 (3). , Borntraeger, Berlin-Stuttgart; 
Faure, G., (1914) Manuale di micrografia vegetale, , Instituto Nazionale Medico Farmacologico Editore, Roma; 
Fisher, D.B., Protein staining of ribboned epon sections for light microscopy (1968) Histochemie, 16, pp. 92-96; 
Furr, M., Mahlberg, P.G., Histochemical analyses of lacticifers and glandular trichomes in Cannabis sativa (1981) J. Nat. Prod., 44, pp. 153-159; 
Gardner, R.O., Vanillin-hydrochloric acid as a histochemical test for tannin (1975) Stain Technol., 50, pp. 315-317; 
Gersbach, P.V., Wyllie, S.G., Sarafis, V., A new histochemical method for localization of the site of monoterpene phenol accumulation in plant secretory structures (2001) Ann. Bot., 88, pp. 521-525; 
Guerin, H.P., Delaveau, P.G., Paris, R.R., Localisations histochimiques. II: Proc{\'e}des simples de localisation de pigments flavoniques. Application a quelques Phanerogrames (1971) Bull. Soc. Bot. Fra., 118, pp. 29-36; 
Hardman, R., Sofowora, E.A., Antimony trichloride as a test reagent for steroids, especially diosgenin and yamogenin, in plant tissues (1972) Stain Technol., 47, pp. 205-222; 
Hoefert, L.L., Ultrastructure of developing sieve elements in Thalspi arvense L. II. Maturation (1980) Am. J. Bot., 76, pp. 194-201; 
Janick, J., Paris, H.S., Parrish, D.C., The cucurbits of mediterranean antiquity: identification of taxa from ancient images and descriptions (2007) Ann. Bot., 100, pp. 1441-1457; 
Jarvis, M.C., Briggs, S.P.H., Knox, J.P., Intercellular adhesion and cell separation in plants (2003) Plant Cell Environ., 26, pp. 977-989; 
Johansen, D.A., (1940) Plant Microtechnique, , McGraw-Hill, New York-London; 
Kummerow, J., Comparative anatomy of sclerophylls of Mediterranean climatic areas (1973) Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems. Origin and Structure, pp. 157-167. , Springer, Berlin, F. Di Castri, H.A. Mooney (Eds.); 
Lange, O.L., Untersuchungen {\"u}ber W{\"a}rmehaushalt und Hitzeresistenz mauretanischer W{\"u}sten- und Savannenpflanzen (1959) Flora, 147, pp. 595-651; 
Ledbetter, M., Porter, K., A "microtubule" in plant cell fine structure (1963) J. Cell Biol., 19, pp. 239-250; 
Lison, L., (1960) Histochemie et cytochemie animales. Principes et methodes, 1 (2). , Gauthier-Villars, Paris; 
Mace, M.E., Howell, C.R., Histochemistry and identification of condensed tannin precursors in root of cotton seedlings (1974) Can. J. Bot., 52, pp. 2423-2426; 
Margaris, N.S., Maquis biomass for energy; costs and benefits (1981) Components of Productivity of Mediterranean-Climate Regions. Basic and Applied Aspects, pp. 239-242. , Dr. W. Junk Publ., Hague, N.S. Margaris, H.A. Mooney (Eds.); 
Metcalfe, C.R., Chalk, L., (1979), 1. , Anatomy of the Dicotyledons, :Systematic Anatomy of Leaf and Stem with a Brief History of the Subject. Oxford University PressMitrakos, K., A theory of Mediterranean plant life (1980) Oecol. Plant., 1, pp. 245-252; 
Mooney, H.A., Parsons, D.J., Structure and function in the California chaparral - an example from San Dimas (1973) Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems. Origin and Structure, pp. 83-112. , Springer, Berlin, F. Di Castri, H.A. Mooney (Eds.); 
Mooney, H.A., Dunn, E.L., Shropshire, F., Song, L., Vegetation comparison between the Mediterranean climatic areas of California and Chile (1970) Flora, 159, pp. 80-96; 
Mowry, R.W., Alcian blue techniques for the histochemical study of acidic carbohydrates (1956) J. Histochem. Cytochem., 4, pp. 407-411; 
Nikolakaki, A., Christodoulakis, N.S., Structural and cytochemical investigation on secreting formations of the leaf of Lavandula vera. Secreting activity of leaf-originating calluses (2006) Isr. J. Plant Sci., 54, pp. 281-290; 
Nikolakaki, A., Christodoulakis, N.S., Secreting formations and cytochemical investigation of the leaf of Phlomis fruticosa, a seasonally dimorphic subshrub. Secreting activity of the leaf-originating calluses (2007) Flora, 202, pp. 429-436; 
O{\textquoteright}Brien, T.P., McCully, M.E., (1981) The Study of Plant Structure Principals and Selected Methods, , Termocarphy, Melbourne, Australia; 
Popielarska-Konieczna, M., Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno, Z.M., {\'S}wierczy{\'n}ska, Z.J.Z., G{\'o}ralski, G., {\'S}lesak, Z.H., Bohdanowicz, Z.J., Ultrastructure and histochemical analysis of extracellular matrix surface network in kiwifruit endosperm-derived callus culture (2008) Plant Cell Rep., 27, pp. 1137-1145; 
Potgieter, M.J., van Wyk, A.E., Intercellular pectin protuberances in plants: heir structure and taxonomic significance (1992) Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin., 33, pp. 295-316; 
Parsons, J.D., Chaparral. Pacific discovery (1976) California Acad. Sci., 29, pp. 21-27; 
Razavi, S.M., Nejad-Ebrahimi, S., Phytochemical analysis and allelopathic activity of essential oils of Ecballium elaterium A. Richard growing in Iran (2009) Nat. Prod. Res., 14, pp. 1-6; 
Reeve, R.M., Histochemical tests for polyphenols in plant tissues (1951) Stain Technol., 26, pp. 91-96; 
Reynolds, E., The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy (1963) J. Cell Biol., 17, pp. 19-58; 
Rhizopoulou, S., Mitrakos, K., Water relations of evergreen sclerophylls. I. Seasonal changes in the water relations of eleven species from the same environment (1989) Ann. Bot., 65, pp. 171-178; 
Rhizopoulou, S., Psaras, G.K., Development and structure of drought-tolerant leaves of the Mediterranean shrub Capparis spinosa L (2003) Ann. Bot., 92, pp. 377-383; 
Sabatini, D., Bensch, K., Barrnett, B., Cytochemistry and electron microscopy. The preservation of cellular ultrastructure and enzymatic activity by aldehyde fixation (1963) J. Cell Biol., 17, pp. 208-212; 
Sezic, E., Research on the Turkish medicinal plant Ecballium elaterium (1997) Chem. Nat. Comp., 33, pp. 541-542; 
Suc, J.-P., Origin and evolution of the Mediterranean vegetation and climate in Europe (1984) Nature, 307, pp. 429-432; 
Terashima, I., Araya, T., Miyazawa, S.-I., Sone, K., Yano, S., Construction and maintenance of the optical photosynthetic systems of the leaf, herbaceous plant and tree: an eco-developmental treatise (2005) Ann. Bot., 95, pp. 507-519; 
Thorsch, J., Esau, K., Nuclear degeneration and the association of endoplasmic reticulum with the nuclear envelope and microtubules in maturing sieve elements of Gossypium hirsutum (1981) J. Ultrastr. Res., 74, pp. 195-204; 
Tingyan, L., Meixia, Z., Hongliang, Z., Chunyan, S., Yihui, D., Inhibitory effects of cucurbitacin B on laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (2008) Eur. Arch. Oto-rhino-laryn., 265, pp. 1225-1232; 
(2001) Flora Europaea. vol. 3, Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae, p. 199. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, T.G. Tutin, V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, D.M. Moore, D.H. Valentine, S.M. Walters, D.A. Webb (Eds.); 
Uslu, C., Karasen, M.R., Sahin, F., Taysi, S., Ackay, F., Effect of aqueous extracts of Ecballium elaterium rich, in the rabbit model of rhinosinusitis (2006) Int. J. Ped. Otorhinolaryn., 70, pp. 515-518; 
Willats, W.G.T., McCartney, L., Mackie, W., Knox, J.P., Pectin: cell biology and prospects for functional analysis (2001) Plant Mol. Biol., 47, pp. 9-27
},
	month = {2011},
	pages = {191 - 197},
	abstract = {Light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as histochemical reactions were employed to study the leaf structure and secretory activity of Ecballium elaterium, a hairy pharmaceutical perennial common in the Mediterranean region. The amphistomatic leaf has a peculiar structure due to special cells supporting the conductive bundles, a remarkable shortage of mechanical tissue, and the existence of pectin strands between mesophyll cells. The secreting activity is limited mostly to secretary hairs. These attributes of the Ecballium leaf fine structures do not resemble the common structure of leaves from Mediterranean plants and point to a peculiar strategy of this species coping with stress conditions of its habitat. {\textcopyright} 2010 Elsevier GmbH.},
	keywords = {anatomy, cell organelle, Cucumis sativus, developmental biology, dicotyledon, Ecballium, Ecballium elaterium, electron microscopy, habitat type, Histochemistry, Leaf anatomy, leaf morphology, perennial plant, secondary metabolite, Secondary metabolites, Secreting hairs, Secretory structures},
	isbn = {03672530 (ISSN)},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79951770520\&doi=10.1016\%2fj.flora.2010.03.004\&partnerID=40\&md5=fed848ebe61e9045237f994af768752e},
	author = {Christodoulakis, N.S. and Kollia, K. and Fasseas, C.}
}
