<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baxevanis, C. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dedoussis, G. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Papadopoulos, N. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Missitzis, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beroukas, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stathopoulos, G. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Papamichail, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enhanced human lymphokine-activated killer cell function after brief exposure to granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cancer</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent Adult Aged Antigens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adoptive Interleukin-2 Killer Cells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CD56 CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cultured Child Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunologic Female Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Humans Immunotherapy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interleukin-2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lymphokine-Activated Male Receptors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preschool Cytotoxicity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8630906</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">76</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1253-60</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell function can be generated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after brief exposure of high dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) over the course of 1 or 2 days' culture in plain culture medium (IL-2-pulsed PBMC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to augment LAK induction in low dose IL-2-pulsed PBMC derived from patients with cancer undergoing immunotherapy with IL-2.|Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from patients with cancer receiving a 5-day cycle of local (intraperitoneal or intrapleural) infusions with IL-2. The cells were incubated with IL-2 in the presence or absence of GM-CSF for 1 hour and then tested as effectors against allogeneic tumor cells and LAK-sensitive cell lines.|Granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor at doses between 10 and 100 ng/ml was synergized with low dose IL-2 (100 IU/ml) in the generation of LAK activity in PBMC. Lymphokine-activated killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity derived from PBMC cultures incubated with IL-2 and GM-CSF was significantly higher (up to three-fold) compared with that generated with IL-2 alone. The GM-CSF-induced enhanced LAK activity was maintained when tested at day 5. GM-CSF increased the percentages of IL-2 receptor (R) positive (+) and CD8+ cells in the IL-2-pulsed PBMC. In contrast to CD56+ cells, highly purified CD8+ cells isolated from PBMC pulsed with IL-2 and GM-CSF responded with increased LAK activity, thus representing the cell-type that mediates the augmenting effect of GM-CSF. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules or the CD3 surface antigens were not involved in the GM-CSF-mediated enhancement of LAK induction because anti-MHC class I and class II monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) or MoAb against the CD3 molecules remained without any effect in this system. The GM-CSF-mediated LAK-enhancement was IL-2-dependent because MoAb against IL-2 receptor completely inhibited the generation of LAK activity.|The use of GM-CSF for the enhancement of IL-2-induced LAK activity in 1 hour cultures may improve clinical results in cancer immunotherapy. In addition, implementation of this procedure could eliminate the high cost of cell culture which usually accompanies IL-2/LAK cell therapy as well as eliminate the known toxic side effects associated with this kind of therapy.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal Article</style></work-type></record></records></xml>