@article {38978,
	title = {Increased co-morbidity of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and common risk factors in intensive care unit survivors: a two-year follow-up study},
	journal = {Int J Psychiatry Clin Practice},
	volume = {18},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	note = {10.3109/13651501.2013.855793},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {25-31},
	edition = {20140117},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term psychological impact of intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization, as well as to establish risk factors which successfully discriminate patients at higher risk. METHODS: The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Survey (SF-36), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies for Depression (CES-D), and the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) questionnaires were obtained from 48 ICU survivors who were also interviewed and self-reported on several acknowledged risk factors. RESULTS: A high co-morbidity between depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) cases was observed. Both CES-D and DTS scores correlated negatively with the SF-36 mental health subscale scores; although a causative relation cannot be attributed to this finding, it indicates a potential negative impact of depression and PTSD symptoms on the patients{\textquoteright} quality of life even at 18- to 24-month post-ICU. The most important risk factor associated with a long-term impact on quality of life, depression and PTSD was lifetime history of any psychiatric disorder. CONCLUSIONS: During ICU admissions efforts should be made towards identifying and psychologically supporting those patients with a previous history of a psychiatric disease, as they are at considerably higher risk of suffering from the long-term psychological sequelae of ICU admission.},
	keywords = {*Intensive Care Units, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Comorbidity, Depression/*epidemiology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitalization/statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Mental Disorders/*epidemiology, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Survivors/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data},
	isbn = {1365-1501},
	author = {Paparrigopoulos, T. and Melissaki, A. and Tzavellas, E. and Karaiskos, D. and Ilias, I. and Kokras, N}
}
