<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhu, Carolyn W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leibman, Christopher</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McLaughlin, Trent</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zbrozek, Arthur S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scarmeas, Nikolaos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albert, Marilyn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brandt, Jason</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blacker, Deborah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sano, Mary</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stern, Yaakov</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patient dependence and longitudinal changes in costs of care in Alzheimer's disease.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Activities of Daily Living</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alzheimer Disease</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caregivers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohort Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costs and Cost Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Sectional Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dementia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Longitudinal Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models, Statistical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuropsychological Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatric Status Rating Scales</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Socioeconomic Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">416-23</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND/AIMS: To examine the incremental effect of patients' dependence on others, on cost of medical and nonmedical care, and on informal caregiving hours over time.

METHODS: Data are obtained from 172 patients from the Predictors Study, a large, multicenter cohort of patients with probable Alzheimer disease (AD) followed annually for 4 years in 3 University-based AD centers in the USA. Enrollment required a modified Mini-Mental State Examination score &gt;or=30. We examined the effects of patient dependence (measured by the Dependence Scale, DS) and function (measured by the Blessed Dementia Rating Scale, BDRS) on medical care cost, nonmedical care cost, and informal caregiving time using random effects regression models.

RESULTS: A one-point increase in DS score was associated with a 5.7% increase in medical cost, a 10.5% increase in nonmedical cost, and a 4.1% increase in caregiving time. A one-point increase in BDRS score was associated with a 7.6% increase in medical cost, a 3.9% increase in nonmedical cost and an 8.7% increase in caregiving time.

CONCLUSIONS: Both functional impairment and patient dependence were associated with higher costs of care and caregiving time. Measures of functional impairment and patient dependence provide unique and incremental information on the overall impact of AD on patients and their caregivers.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18946219?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>