<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scarmeas, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albert, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brandt, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blacker, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hadjigeorgiou, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Papadimitriou, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dubois, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarazin, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wegesin, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marder, K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bell, K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Honig, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stern, Y</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motor signs predict poor outcomes in Alzheimer disease.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neurology</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neurology</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged, 80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alzheimer Disease</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cognition Disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohort Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disease Progression</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dysarthria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Follow-Up Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gait Disorders, Neurologic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hypokinesia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Movement Disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muscle Rigidity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neurologic Examination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuropsychological Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predictive Value of Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prognosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proportional Hazards Models</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005 May 24</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1696-703</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the presence of motor signs has predictive value for important outcomes in Alzheimer disease (AD).

METHODS: A total of 533 patients with AD at early stages (mean Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] 21/30 at entry) were recruited and followed semiannually for up to 13.1 years (mean 3) in five University-based AD centers in the United States and European Union. Four outcomes, assessed every 6 months, were used in Cox models: cognitive endpoint (Columbia Mini-Mental State Examination &lt; or = 20/57 [ approximately MMSE &lt; or = 10/30]), functional endpoint (Blessed Dementia Rating Scale &gt; or = 10), institutionalization equivalent index, and death. Using a standardized portion of the Unified PD Rating Scale (administered every 6 months for a total of 3,149 visit-assessments, average 5.9 per patient), the presence of motor signs, as well as of individual motor sign domains, was examined as time-dependent predictor. The models controlled for cohort, recruitment center, sex, age, education, a comorbidity index, and baseline cognitive and functional performance.

RESULTS: A total of 39% of the patients reached the cognitive, 41% the functional, 54% the institutionalization, and 47% the mortality endpoint. Motor signs were noted for 14% of patients at baseline and for 45% at any evaluation. Their presence was associated with increased risk for cognitive decline (RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.38), functional decline (1.80 [1.33 to 2.45]), institutionalization (1.68 [1.26 to 2.25]), and death (1.38 [1.05 to 1.82]). Tremor was associated with increased risk for reaching the cognitive and bradykinesia for reaching the functional endpoints. Postural-gait abnormalities carried increased risk for institutionalization and mortality. Faster rates of motor sign accumulation were associated with increased risk for all outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Motor signs predict cognitive and functional decline, institutionalization, and mortality in Alzheimer disease. Different motor sign domains predict different outcomes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15911793?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>