@article {17386,
	title = {Transmission dynamics of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and anticipated impact of infection control strategies in a surgical unit},
	journal = {PLoS OnePloS onePloS one},
	volume = {7},
	number = {7},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Sypsa, VanaPsichogiou, MinaBouzala, Georgia-AikaterinaHadjihannas, LinosHatzakis, AngelosDaikos, Georgios LengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t2012/08/04 06:00PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e41068. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041068. Epub 2012 Jul 31.},
	pages = {e41068},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPKP) has been established as important nosocomial pathogen in many geographic regions. Transmission from patient to patient via the hands of healthcare workers is the main route of spread in the acute-care setting. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Epidemiological and infection control data were recorded during a prospective observational study conducted in a surgical unit of a tertiary-care hospital in Greece. Surveillance culture for CPKP were obtained from all patients upon admission and weekly thereafter. The Ross-Macdonald model for vector-borne diseases was applied to obtain estimates for the basic reproduction number R(0) (average number of secondary cases per primary case in the absence of infection control) and assess the impact of infection control measures on CPKP containment in endemic and hyperendemic settings. Eighteen of 850 patients were colonized with CPKP on admission and 51 acquired CPKP during hospilazation. R(0) reached 2 and exceeded unity for long periods of time under the observed hand hygiene compliance (21\%). The minimum hand hygiene compliance level necessary to control transmission was 50\%. Reduction of 60\% to 90\% in colonized patients on admission, through active surveillance culture, contact precautions and isolation/cohorting, in combination with 60\% compliance in hand hygiene would result in rapid decline in CPKP prevalence within 8-12 weeks. Antibiotics restrictions did not have a substantial benefit when an aggressive control strategy was implemented. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Surveillance culture on admission and isolation/cohorting of colonized patients coupled with moderate hand hygiene compliance and contact precautions may lead to rapid control of CPKP in endemic and hyperendemic healthcare settings.},
	keywords = {Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism, beta-Lactamases/*metabolism, control/*transmission, Cross Infection/epidemiology/microbiology/prevention \& control/*transmission, Endemic Diseases/prevention \& control, Epidemiological Monitoring, Guideline Adherence, Hand Disinfection, Humans, Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient/prevention \& control, Klebsiella Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/prevention \&, Klebsiella pneumoniae/*enzymology, Models, Biological, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Tertiary Care Centers},
	isbn = {1932-6203 (Electronic)1932-6203 (Linking)},
	author = {Sypsa, V and Psichogiou, M and Bouzala, G. A. and Hadjihannas, L. and Hatzakis, A and Daikos, G L}
}
