<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paraskevis, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E Kostaki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nikolopoulos, G K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sypsa, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psichogiou, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Del Amo, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hodges-Mameletzis, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paraskeva, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skoutelis, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malliori, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Friedman, S. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daikos, G L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hatzakis, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Tracing of the Geographical Origin of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection and Patterns of Epidemic Spread Among Migrants Who Inject Drugs in Athens</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clin Infect Dis</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clin Infect DisClin Infect Dis</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Substance Abuse, Intravenous</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Transients and Migrants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/ethnology/transmission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Sectional Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epidemics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greece/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIV Infections/blood/*epidemiology/*transmission/virology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIV-1/classification/*genetics/isolation &amp; purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevalence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk-Taking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNA, Viral/genetics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nov 29</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2078-2084</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1537-6591 (Electronic)1058-4838 (Linking)</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Background: High numbers of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) have been diagnosed in Athens, Greece, since 2011. We aimed to trace the geographic origin of HIV-1 infection for migrants who inject drugs and to investigate whether transmissions occur more frequently among migrants than among Greek nationals. Methods: Multiple cross-sectional studies were pooled to assemble all persons diagnosed with HIV-1 in Greece between 1 January 2011 and 31 October 2014. Phylogenetic analyses used maximum likelihood estimation. The hypothesis of ethnic compartmentalization was tested by reconstructing ancestral states of characters at the tips using the criterion of parsimony over a set of bootstrap trees. Results: Of 2274 persons, 38.4% were PWID. Phylogenetic analyses showed the existence of 4 major PWID-specific local transmission networks (LTNs): CRF14_BG (437 [58.6%]), CRF35_AD (139 [18.6%]), subtype B (116 [15.6%]), and subtype A (54 [7.2%]). Of 184 non-Greek PWID, 78.3% had been infected within the PWID-LTNs. For 173 (94.3%), the origin of their infection was assumed to be in Greece (postmigration). For PWID infected within LTNs, transmissions for subtype A and CRF14_BG occurred more frequently among migrants than would be expected by chance (phyloethnic study). Conclusions: Our analysis showed that the majority of infections among migrants occurred postmigration. The existence of significant transmission networking among migrants highlights that this population is a priority for HIV prevention. As molecular analysis can estimate the probable country of HIV infection, it can help to inform the design of public health strategies.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29020180</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paraskevis, DimitriosKostaki, EvangeliaNikolopoulos, Georgios KSypsa, VanaPsichogiou, MinaDel Amo, JuliaHodges-Mameletzis, IoannisParaskeva, DimitraSkoutelis, AthanasiosMalliori, MeniWilliams, LeslieFriedman, Samuel RDaikos, Georgios LHatzakis, Angeloseng001/World Health Organization/InternationalP30 DA011041/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/2017/10/12 06:00Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 29;65(12):2078-2084. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix717.</style></notes><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5850526</style></custom2><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia.First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.National Center for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Amarousio.Fifth Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Evangelismos Hospital Athens.Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.National Development and Research Institutes, New York, New York.</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>