<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paraskevis, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paraschiv, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sypsa, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nikolopoulos, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsiara, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magiorkinis, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psichogiou, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flampouris, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mardarescu, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niculescu, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Batan, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malliori, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Otelea, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hatzakis, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enhanced HIV-1 surveillance using molecular epidemiology to study and monitor HIV-1 outbreaks among intravenous drug users (IDUs) in Athens and Bucharest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infect Genet EvolInfect Genet EvolInfect Genet Evol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseasesInfection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disease Outbreaks/*classification/prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greece/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIV Infections/*epidemiology/transmission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIV-1/classification/*genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">molecular epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public Health Surveillance/*methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNA, Viral/analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romania/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*virology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109-21</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1567-7257 (Electronic)1567-1348 (Linking)</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND: A significant increase in HIV-1 diagnoses was reported among Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) in the Athens (17-fold) and Bucharest (9-fold) metropolitan areas starting 2011. METHODS: Molecular analyses were conducted on HIV-1 sequences from IDUs comprising 51% and 20% of the diagnosed cases among IDUs during 2011-2013 for Greece and Romania, respectively. Phylodynamic analyses were performed using the newly developed birth-death serial skyline model which allows estimating of important epidemiological parameters, as implemented in BEAST programme. RESULTS: Most infections (&gt;90%) occurred within four and three IDU local transmission networks in Athens and Bucharest, respectively. For all Romanian clusters, the viral strains originated from local circulating strains, whereas in Athens, the local strains seeded only two of the four sub-outbreaks. Birth-death skyline plots suggest a more explosive nature for sub-outbreaks in Bucharest than in Athens. In Athens, two sub-outbreaks had been controlled (Re&lt;1.0) by 2013 and two appeared to be endemic (Re approximately 1). In Bucharest one outbreak continued to expand (Re&gt;1.0) and two had been controlled (Re&lt;1.0). The lead times were shorter for the outbreak in Athens than in Bucharest. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced molecular surveillance proved useful to gain information about the origin, causal pathways, dispersal patterns and transmission dynamics of the outbreaks that can be useful in a public health setting.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26247720</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paraskevis, DimitriosParaschiv, SimonaSypsa, VanaNikolopoulos, GeorgiosTsiara, ChryssaMagiorkinis, GkikasPsichogiou, MinaFlampouris, AndreasMardarescu, MarianaNiculescu, IuliaBatan, IoneliaMalliori, MeniOtelea, DanHatzakis, AngelosengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tNetherlands2015/08/08 06:00Infect Genet Evol. 2015 Oct;35:109-21. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.08.004. Epub 2015 Aug 4.</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National Retrovirus Reference Center, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: dparask@med.uoa.gr.Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.National Retrovirus Reference Center, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.Hellenic Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece.Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK; Virus Reference Department, Colindale, Public Health England, UK.Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>