<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hatzakis, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sypsa, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paraskevis, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nikolopoulos, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsiara, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Micha, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panopoulos, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malliori, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psichogiou, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharris, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wiessing, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van De Laar, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Donoghoe, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heckathorn, D. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Friedman, S. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Des Jarlais, D. C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Design and baseline findings of a large-scale rapid response to an HIV outbreak in people who inject drugs in Athens, Greece: the ARISTOTLE programme</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Addiction</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Addiction</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AddictionAddiction</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comorbidity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disease Outbreaks/*statistics &amp; numerical data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greece</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIV Infections/diagnosis/*drug therapy/*epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevalence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk-Taking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Socioenvironmental Therapy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">110</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1453-67</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1360-0443 (Electronic)0965-2140 (Linking)</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AIMS: To (i) describe an intervention implemented in response to the HIV-1 outbreak among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in Greece (ARISTOTLE programme), (ii) assess its success in identifying and testing this population and (iii) describe socio-demographic characteristics, risk behaviours and access to treatment/prevention, estimate HIV prevalence and identify risk factors, as assessed at the first participation of PWIDs. DESIGN: A 'seek, test, treat, retain' intervention employing five rounds of respondent-driven sampling. SETTING: Athens, Greece (2012-13). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 3320 individuals who had injected drugs in the past 12 months. INTERVENTION: ARISTOTLE is an intervention that involves reaching out to high-risk, hard-to-reach PWIDs ('seek'), engaging them in HIV testing and providing information and materials to prevent HIV ('test') and initiating and maintaining anti-retroviral and opioid substitution treatment for those testing positive ('treat' and 'retain'). MEASUREMENTS: Blood samples were collected for HIV testing and personal interviews were conducted. FINDINGS: ARISTOTLE recruited 3320 PWIDs during the course of 13.5 months. More than half (54%) participated in multiple rounds, resulting in 7113 visits. HIV prevalence was 15.1%. At their first contact with the programme, 12.5% were on opioid substitution treatment programmes and the median number of free syringes they had received in the preceding month was 0. In the multivariable analysis, apart from injection-related variables, homelessness was a risk factor for HIV infection in male PWIDs [odds ratio (OR) yes versus no = 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.41, 2.52] while, in female PWIDS, the number of sexual partners (OR for &amp;gt; 5 versus one partner in the past year = 4.12, 95% CI = 1.93, 8.77) and history of imprisonment (OR yes versus no = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.43, 5.31) were associated with HIV. CONCLUSIONS: In Athens, Greece, the ARISTOTLE intervention for identifying HIV-positive people among people who inject drugs (PWID) facilitated rapid identification of a hidden population experiencing an outbreak and provided HIV testing, counselling and linkage to care. According to ARISTOTLE data, the 2011 HIV outbreak in Athens resulted in 15% HIV infection among PWID. Risk factors for HIV among PWID included homelessness in men and history of imprisonment and number of sexual partners in women.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26032121</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hatzakis, AngelosSypsa, VanaParaskevis, DimitriosNikolopoulos, GeorgiosTsiara, ChrissaMicha, KaterinaPanopoulos, AnastasiosMalliori, MeniPsichogiou, MinaPharris, AnastasiaWiessing, Lucasvan de Laar, MaritaDonoghoe, MartinHeckathorn, Douglas DFriedman, Samuel RDes Jarlais, Don Ceng001/World Health Organization/InternationalDP1 DA034989/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/P30 DA011041/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tEnglandAbingdon, England2015/06/03 06:00Addiction. 2015 Sep;110(9):1453-67. doi: 10.1111/add.12999. Epub 2015 Jul 14.</style></notes><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4854521</style></custom2><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.IAS/NIDA Fellow, Hellenic Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Athens, Greece.Hellenic Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece.Organization Against Drugs, Athens, Greece.Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.Department of Propedeutic Medicine, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden.European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, Portugal.Consultant Public Health, Utrecht, the Netherlands.World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.National Development and Research Institutes, New York, USA.Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, USA.</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>