The course deals with a foundamental problem of the prehistoric Aegean, the emergence of the Cretan palatial society at the end of the Early Bronze Age, examining it through many different perspectives. On the one hand we examine the processes within Crete, we critically discuss the -often contradicting- theoretical interpetations, and we present the archaeological evidence from cemeteries, settlements and peak sanctuaries of the Prepalatial period. On the other hand we examine the historical, social and economic developments in other Aegean areas (Greek Mainland, Cyclades, East Aegean islands and Asia Minor), as evidenced in the archaeological record from settlements and cemeteries, in order to identify similarities and differences with contemporary developments on Crete.