Abstract:
Lippia citriodora H.B.K. is an aromatic plant indigenous to South America. It is cultivated and commercialised as an ornamental for its lemon-like scent emitted from its leaves and flowers. The present morphoanatomical and histochemical study revealed that leaves of L. citriodora possess one type of setae (non-glandular) and at least five types of glandular trichomes, with the latter differing anatomically and in the composition of their secondary metabolites. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the same types of trichomes exist also on the calyces. Histochemical tests indicate that the glandular trichomes contain a combination of terpenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, phenolics and alkaloids. However, within the vacuoles of the mesophyll cells, terpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids and tannins are stored. The presence of lamellar cytoplasmic inclusions in the mesophyll cells, possibly precursors of tannins stored in the vacuoles, is reported for the first time. © 2010 CSIRO.
Notes:
Cited By :8Export Date: 7 February 2017CODEN: AJBTACorrespondence Address: Fasseas, C.; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Hellas, Greece; email:
cfass@aua.grReferences: Abu-Asab, M.S., Cantino, P.D., Phylogenetic implications of leaf anatomy in subtribe Melittidinae (Labiatae) and related taxa (1987) Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. Arnold Arboretum, 68, pp. 1-34;Andrade, P.B., Seabra, R.M., Valentão, P., Areias, F., Simultaneous determination of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and coumarins in seven medicinal species by HPLC/diode-array detector (1998) Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies, 21, pp. 2813-2820. , doi:10.1080/10826079808003444;
Argyropoulou, C., Daferera, D., Tarantilis, P.A., Fasseas, C., Polissiou, M., Chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves of Lippia citriodora H.B.K. (Verbenaceae) at two developmental stages (2007) Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 35 (12), pp. 831-837. , DOI 10.1016/j.bse.2007.07.001, PII S0305197807001512;
Ascensao, L., Pais, M.S., The leaf capitate trichomes of Leonotis leonurus: Histochemistry, ultrastructure and secretion (1998) Annals of Botany, 81 (2), pp. 263-271. , DOI 10.1006/anbo.1997.0550;
Ascensão, L., Marques, N., Pais, M.S., Glandular trichomes on vegetative and reproductive organs of Leonotis leonurus (Lamiaceae) (1995) Annals of Botany, 75, pp. 619-626. , doi:10.1006/anbo.1995.1067;
Ascensao, L., Marques, N., Pais, M.S., Peltate glandular trichomes of Leonotis leonurus leaves: Ultrastructure and histochemical characterization of secretions (1997) International Journal of Plant Sciences, 158 (3), pp. 249-258. , DOI 10.1086/297436;
Ascensao, L., Mota, L., Castro, M.D.M., Glandular trichomes on the leaves and flowers of Plectranthus ornatus: Morphology, distribution and histochemistry (1999) Annals of Botany, 84 (4), pp. 437-447. , DOI 10.1006/anbo.1999.0937;
Benzi, V.S., Murray, A.P., Ferrero, A.A., Insecticidal and insect-repellent activities of essential oils from Verbenaceae and Anacardiaceae against Rhizopertha dominica (2009) Natural Product Communications, 4, pp. 1287-1290;
Bisio, A., Corallo, A., Gastaldo, P., Romussi, G., Ciarallo, G., Fontana, N., De Tommasi, N., Profumo, P., Glandular hairs and secreted material in Salvia blepharophylla Brandegee ex Epling grown in Italy (1999) Annals of Botany, 83 (4), pp. 441-452. , DOI 10.1006/anbo.1998.0838;
Bosabalidis, A., Glandular trichomes in Satureja thymbra leaves (1990) Annals of Botany, 65, pp. 71-78;
Bosabalidis, A., Structural features of Origanum sp (2002) Oregano; the genera Origanum and Lippia, pp. 11-64. , 1st edn. (Ed. SE Kintzios) (Taylor and Francis Inc.: London);
Bosabalidis, A.M., Tsekos, I., Glandular scale development and essential oil secretion in Origanum dictamnus L (1982) Planta, 156, pp. 496-504. , doi:10.1007/BF00392771;
Bosabalidis, A.M., Tsekos, I., Glandular hair formation in Origanum species (1984) Annals of Botany, 53, pp. 559-563;
Bosabalidis, A., Gabrieli, C., Niopas, I., Flavone aglycones in glandular hairs of Origanum x intercedens (1998) Phytochemistry, 49 (6), pp. 1549-1553. , DOI 10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00186-1, PII S0031942298001861;
Bottega, S., Corsi, G., Structure, secretion and possible functions of calyx glandular hairs of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Labiatae) (2000) Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 132, pp. 325-335. , doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2000.tb01215.x;
Bourett, T.M., Howard, R.J., Okeefe, D.P., Hallahan, D.L., Gland development on leaf surfaces of Nepeta racemosa (1994) International Journal of Plant Sciences, 155, pp. 623-632. , doi:10.1086/297202;
Bronner, R., Simultaneous demonstration of lipids and starch in plant tissues (1975) Stain Technology, 50, pp. 1-4;
Bruni, A., Modenesi, P., Development, oil storage and dehiscence of peltate trichomes in Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae) (1983) Nordic Journal of Botany, 3, pp. 245-251. , doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1983.tb01073.x;
Cantino, P.D., The phylogenetic significance of stomata and trichomes in the Labiatae and Verbenaceae (1990) Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. Arnold Arboretum, 71, pp. 323-370;
Casadoro, G., Rascio, N., Glands of Lippia triphylla (LHer.) O Kuntze (1982) Cytobios, 35, pp. 85-94;
Can, C., De Lampasona Mep, The chemistry of the genus Lippia (Verbenaceae) (2002) Oregano; the Genera Origanum and Lippia, pp. 127-149. , 1st edn. (Ed. SE Kintzios) (Taylor and Francis Inc.: London);
Clark, G., (1981) Staining Procedures, , 4th edn. (Williams and Wilkins: Baltimore);
Combrinck, S., Du Plooy, G.W., McCrindle, R.I., Botha, B.M., Morphology and histochemistry of the glandular trichomes of Lippia scaberrima (Verbenaceae) (2007) Annals of Botany, 99 (6), pp. 1111-1119. , DOI 10.1093/aob/mcm064;
Corsi, G., Bottega, S., Glandular hairs of Salvia officinalis: New data on morphology, localization and histochemistry in relation to function (1999) Annals of Botany, 84 (5), pp. 657-664. , DOI 10.1006/anbo.1999.0961;
David, R., Carde, J.P., Coloration différentielle des inclusions lipidiques et terpéniques des pseudophylles du pin maritime au moyen du réactif nadi (1964) Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L Academie des Sciences. Paris, 258, pp. 1338-1340;
Duke, S.O., Commentary: Glandular trichomes-a focal point of chemical and structural interactions (1994) International Journal of Plant Sciences, 155, pp. 617-620. , doi:10.1086/297200;
Duke, S.O., Canel, C., Rimando, A.M., Tellez, M.R., Duke, M.V., Paul, R.N., Current and potential exploitation of plant glandular trichome productivity (2000) Advances in Botanical Research, 31, pp. 121-151. , doi:10.1016/S0065-2296(00)31008-4;
Fahn, A., Structural and functional properties of trichomes of xeromorphic leaves (1986) Annals of Botany, 57, pp. 631-637;
Fahn, A., Transley Review No. 14. Secretory tissues in vascular plants (1988) The New Phytologist, 108, pp. 229-257. , doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1988.tb04159.x;
Fahn, A., Structure and function of secretory cells (2000) Advances in Botanical Research, 31, pp. 37-75. , doi:10.1016/S0065-2296(00)31006-0;
Furr, M., Mahlberg, P.G., Histochemical analyses of laticifers and glandular trichomes in Cannabis sativa (1981) Journal of Natural Products, 44 (2), pp. 153-159. , DOI 10.1021/np50014a002;
Gabe, M., (1968) Techniques Histologiques, , (Masson and Cie: Paris);
Ganter, P.J., (1969) Histochimie Normale et Pathologique, , (Gauthier-Villars: Paris);
Gersbach, P.V., The essential oil secretory structures of Prostanthera ovalifolia (Lamiaceae) (2002) Annals of Botany, 89 (3), pp. 255-260. , DOI 10.1093/aob/mcf033;
Gersbach, P.V., Wyllie, S.G., Sarafis, V., A new histochemical method for localization of the site of monoterpene phenol accumulation in plant secretory structures (2001) Annals of Botany, 88 (4), pp. 521-525. , DOI 10.1006/anbo.2001.1480;
Guerin, H.P., Delaveau, P.G., Paris, R.R., Localisations histochimiques. II: Procédés simples de localization de pigments flavoniques. Application à quelques Phanérogrames (1971) Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France, 118, pp. 29-36;
Heinrich, G., Entwicklung, feinbau und ölgehalt der drüsenschuppen von Monarda fistulosa (1973) Planta Medica, 23, pp. 154-166. , doi:10.1055/s-0028-1099427;
Inamdar, J.A., Epidermal structure and ontogeny of stomata in some Verbenaceae (1969) Annals of Botany, 33, pp. 55-66;
Jensen, W.A., (1962) Botanical Histochemistry-principles and Practice, , 1st edn. (W.H. Freeman and Company: San Francisco);
Johansen, D.A., (1940) Plant Microtechnique, , 1st edn. (McGraw-Hill: New York);
Nikolakaki, A., Christodoulakis, N.S., Leaf structure and cytochemical investigation of secretory tissues in Inula viscosa (2004) Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 144 (4), pp. 437-448. , DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2003.00264.x;
Nikolakaki, A., Christodoulakis, N.S., Histological investigation of the leaf and leaf-originating calli of Lavandula vera L (2007) Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 54, pp. 281-290. , doi:10.1560/IJPS-54-4-281;
Pascual, M.E., Slowing, K., Carretero, E., Sanchez Mata, D., Villar, A., Lippia: Traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology: A review (2001) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 76 (3), pp. 201-214. , DOI 10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00234-3, PII S0378874101002343;
Rodriguez, E., Healey, P.L., Mehta, I., (1984) Biology and Chemistry of Plant Trichomes, , (Plenum Press: New York);
Santos-Gomes, P.C., Fernandes-Ferreira, M., Vicente, A.M.S., Composition of the essential oils from flowers and leaves of vervain (Aloysia triphylla (LHerit. Britton) grown in Portugal (2005) Journal of Essential Oil Research, 17, pp. 73-78;
Serrato-Valenti, G., Bisio, A., Cornara, L., Ciarallo, G., Structural and histochemical investigation of the glandular trichomes of Salvia aurea L. leaves, and chemical analysis of the essential oil (1997) Annals of Botany, 79 (3), pp. 329-336. , DOI 10.1006/anbo.1996.0348;
Solereder, H., (1908) Systematic Anatomy of the Dicotyledons, , (Clarendon Press: Oxford);
Terblanché, F.C., Kornelius, G., Essential oil constituents of the genus Lippia (Verbenaceae)-a literature review (1996) Journal of Essential Oil Research, 8, pp. 471-485;
Theobald, W.L., Krahulik, J.L., Rollins, R.C., Trichome description and classification (1979) Anatomy of the Dicotyledons, pp. 40-53. , (Eds CR Metcalfe, L Chalk) (Clarendon Press: Oxford);
Turner, G.W., Gershenzon, J., Croteau, R.B., Development of peltate glandular trichomes of peppermint (2000) Plant Physiology, 124, pp. 665-680. , doi:10.1104/pp.124.2.665;
Voirin, B., Bayet, C., Colson, M., Demonstration that flavone aglycones accumulate in the peltate glands of Mentha piperita leaves (1993) Phytochemistry, 34, pp. 85-87. , doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90787-8;
Werker, E., Function of essential oil secreting glandular hairs in aromatic plants of the Lamiaceae-a review (1993) Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 8, pp. 249-255. , doi:10.1002/ffj.2730080503;
Werker, E., Trichome diversity and development (2000) Advances in Botanical Research, 31, pp. 1-35. , doi:10.1016/S0065-2296(00)31005-9;
Werker, E., Ravid, U., Putievsky, E., Structure of glandular hairs and identification of the main components of their secreted material in some species of the Labiatae (1985) Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 34, pp. 31-45;
Werker, E., Ravid, U., Putievsky, E., Glandular hairs and their secretions in the vegetative and reproductive organs of Salvia sclarea and Salvia dominica (1985) Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 34, pp. 239-252;
Werker, E., Putievsky, E., Ravid, U., Dudai, N., Katzir, I., Glandular hairs and essential oil in developing leaves of Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) (1993) Annals of Botany, 71, pp. 43-50. , doi:10.1006/anbo.1993.1005;
Yashodhara, K., Shanmukha Rao, S.R., Subba Rao, J.V., Structure, distribution and taxonomic importance of trichomes in the tribe Verbeneae (Verbenaceae) (2001) Beiträge Zur Biologie der Pflanzen, 72, pp. 265-285
Website
