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Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor improves immunological parameters in patients with refractory solid tumours receiving second-line chemotherapy: correlation with clinical responses

Citation:

Baxevanis CN, Tsavaris NB, Papadhimitriou SI, Zarkadis IK, Papadopoulos NG, Bastounis EA, Papamichail M. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor improves immunological parameters in patients with refractory solid tumours receiving second-line chemotherapy: correlation with clinical responses. Eur J Cancer [Internet]. 1997;33:1202-8.

Abstract:

{In this report, we studied the immunorestorative properties of subcutaneously administered granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patients with refractory solid tumours receiving second-line chemotherapy. Such patients exhibit abnormal immune responses in vivo and in vitro and, therefore, it was of interest to examine the effect of GM-CSF-induced immunomodulation on clinical response. We examined patients with primary malignant carcinomas (head and neck

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