2016
Macheras P, Iliadis A.
Modeling in Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (vol 30, 2016). In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. E1.
Macheras P, Iliadis A.
Classical Pharmacodynamics. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 343-360.
Macheras P, Iliadis A.
Nonclassical Pharmacodynamics. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 361-403.
Macheras P, Iliadis A.
Concluding Notes. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 405-409.
Macheras P, Iliadis A.
Drug Dissolution. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 83-108.
Macheras P, Iliadis A.
Oral Drug Absorption. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 109-158.
Macheras P, Iliadis A.
Empirical Models. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 161-189.
Macheras P, Iliadis A.
Deterministic Compartmental Models. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 191-210.
Macheras P, Iliadis A.
Fractional Pharmacokinetics. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 211-225.
Macheras P, Iliadis A.
Modeling and Simulation in Bioequivalence. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 227-254.
Macheras P, Iliadis A.
Stochastic Compartmental Models. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 255-339.
Basic Concepts. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 1-2.
Macheras P, Iliadis A.
Modeling in Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Approaches, 2nd Edition. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 1-483.
Macheras P, Iliadis A.
Modeling in Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Approaches Preface to the Second Edition. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. XI+.
Modeling in Biopharmaceutics. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 51-52.
Modeling in Pharmacokinetics. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 159-160.
Modeling in Pharmacodynamics. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 341-342.
Macheras P, Iliadis A.
The Geometry of Nature. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 3-14.
Macheras P, Iliadis A.
Diffusion and Kinetics. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 15-36.
Macheras P, Iliadis A.
Nonlinear Dynamics. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 37-49.
Macheras P, Iliadis A.
Drug Release. In: MODELING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS: HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS APPROACHES, 2ND EDITION. Vol. 30. 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES: SPRINGER; 2016. pp. 53-82.
Daousani C, Macheras P.
Biopharmaceutic classification of drugs revisited. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES. 2016;95:82-87.
AbstractThe biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) was based on the tube model of the intestinal lumen. This model considers constant drug permeability along the intestines, a plug flow fluid with the suspended drug particles moving with the fluid, and dissolution in the small particle limit. Since then the research work focusing on drug gastrointestinal (GI) absorption phenomena and processes rely on the classical laws of transport, diffusion and kinetics; however, the homogeneous assumptions associated with the well-stirred Euclidean media, where the classical laws of diffusion and kinetics apply, have been questioned in the past In this work we explore the biopharmaceutic classification of drugs using a heterogeneous pseudo steady-state model of oral drug absorption. The fraction of dose absorbed (F-abs) was expressed as a function of two time-dependent processes where time dependent coefficients govern drug absorption and non-absorption processes. Fundamental drug properties like the absorption potential are correlated with F-abs and allow the biopharmaceutic classification of drugs taking into account the heterogeneous aspects of oral drug absorption. This analysis reveals that for Class I drugs no time dependency is expected for both absorption and non absorption processes since the gastric emptying is controlling the absorption of Class I drugs while the completion of absorption (F-abs > 90%) is terminated along the first part of the jejunum. Due to the biopharmaceutical properties of Class II, III and IV drugs, these drugs travel throughout the GI tract and therefore both absorption and non absorption processes will exhibit time dependency. Thus, the calculation of F-abs (<90%) for Class II, III and IV is dependent on the estimates of the time exponents of time dependent coefficients controlling drug absorption e.g. dissolution, uptake or non absorption e.g. precipitation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.