Publications

2025
Karagiorgos J, Vervatis V, Sofianos S. Ocean Chlorophyll Feedback in a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model for the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans [Internet]. 2025;130:e2024JC021985. WebsiteAbstract
Abstract Ocean water clarity, influenced by marine chlorophyll concentration, significantly alters the distribution of shortwave radiation in the water column. This work aims to assess the effects of varying chlorophyll on the upper-ocean physical properties and their subsequent impact on the atmosphere, using a coupled ocean-atmosphere regional model for the Mediterranean and Black Seas. We performed 11-year (2011–2021) twin-simulation experiments based on different chlorophyll concentrations to estimate the penetration of solar radiation in the ocean. The first simulation used a monthly climatology field of chlorophyll concentrations derived from satellite observations, while in the second experiment, the chlorophyll concentration was kept constant at 0.05 \$\mathrm{m}\mathrm{g}\ {\mathrm{m}}^{-3}\$, representing clear water conditions. Results show that radiative heating driven by chlorophyll amplifies the seasonal cycle of temperature in the upper layers, leading to increased surface warming in summer and surface cooling in winter. Also, higher surface chlorophyll contributes to cooling in subsurface layers throughout the year due to its shading effect. The temperature response to chlorophyll variations is controlled by the mixed layer depth and a balance between (a) direct near-surface radiative heating due to the chlorophyll absorption and (b) indirect cooling resulting from vertical turbulent mixing processes with subsurface waters. The atmosphere moderates the seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) response caused by chlorophyll differential heating primarily through changes in latent heat flux. Ultimately, our simulations suggest that increased surface chlorophyll concentrations enhance the Mediterranean overturning circulation, highlighting the necessity of incorporating realistic optical forcing into regional climate modeling studies.
Vervatis V, De Mey-Frémaux P, Karagiorgos J, Lemieux-Dudon B, Ayoub NK, Sofianos S. {Regional ocean model uncertainties using stochastic parameterizations and a global atmospheric ensemble}. {Ocean Modelling} [Internet]. 2025;194:102501. Website
2024
Vasou P, Krokos G, Langodan S, Sofianos S, Hoteit I. Contribution of surface and lateral forcing to the Arabian Gulf warming trend. Frontiers in Marine Science [Internet]. 2024;Volume 10 - 2023. WebsiteAbstract
The contribution of surface and lateral forcing to the observed Arabian Gulf warming trends is studied based on the results of a high-resolution (1/100°, 60 vertical layers) MIT general circulation model (MITgcm) covering the period 1993-2021. The model validation against available observations reveals that the simulation satisfactorily reproduces the main features of the Arabian Gulf's dynamics and their variability. We show that the heat content of the Arabian Gulf generally follows the reported variability of sea surface temperature, with significant increasing trends of 0.1 × 10 7 J m −3 and 0.2°C per decade. The interannual variability of the heat content is dominated by the surface heat fluxes, while the long-term warming of the basin is primarily driven by lateral fluxes. The analyses of the heat exchanges through the Strait of Hormuz indicate a pronounced upward trend in the transported heat toward the Arabian Gulf, which is associated with an increase in both the volume and temperature of the exchanged waters. Considering the inflow and outflow in the Strait separately, the temperature increase is more prominent in the inflowing waters; however, the dominant factor driving the rising trend in heat content exchanges is the increase in the volume of waters being exchanged. This implies that the observed warming of the Arabian Gulf during the investigated period is directly related to the acceleration of its overturning circulation.
Karagiorgos J, Vervatis V, Samos I, Flocas H, Sofianos S. Ocean-wave-atmosphere coupling effect in Medicane forecasting. Atmospheric Research [Internet]. 2024;304:107418. WebsiteAbstract
Accurate modelling of air-sea processes is essential for reliable forecasts of Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones (also known as “Medicanes”). Medicanes occasionally develop in the Mediterranean causing extreme weather conditions with catastrophic potential due to excessive precipitation, windstorms, and coastal flooding. In this work, we investigate how the complexity of ocean-wave-atmosphere coupling and model initialization affect the simulated track and intensity of the Medicane Ianos (2020). Results indicate that the model's initial conditions and the cyclone's development stage are the main drivers of track position errors, while ocean and wave feedback have a significant impact on the intensity and evolution of the cyclone. Compared with an atmosphere-only simulation, an atmosphere-ocean coupled system reproduces the cyclone's SST cooling effect (up to 3.7 °C), in agreement also with the satellite observations thus, reducing the cyclone intensity, as estimated by the minimum MSLP, the 10-m wind speed and the surface enthalpy flux. Adding a wave model to the coupled system, further increases the magnitude of ocean cooling (by about 1.2 °C), due to increased sea surface roughness leading to increased wind stress and enhanced upper ocean mixing. Overall, surface waves are shown to have competing effects on cyclone intensity i.e., negative feedback via increasing the surface momentum flux and positive feedback via increasing the enthalpy flux, the latter being more sensitive to surface roughness rather than to SST modifications brought by the wave coupled system. The turbulent air-sea fluxes under high winds, appear to be very sensitive to sea-state patterns resolved by the coupled models, highlighting the need to improve forecasting systems for extreme weather events in the Mediterranean.
Kontoyiannis H, Pratt LJ, Zervakis V, Alford MH, Sofianos S, Theocharis A. Current and density observations on a flow through a contraction and over a bottom elevation at the southern edge of the Cycladic Plateau in the Aegean Sea – East Mediterranean. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans [Internet]. 2024;106:101460. WebsiteAbstract
A CTD/ADCP/surface-drifter survey in fall 2004 reveals the behaviour of a mesoscale unidirectional flow coming from the Cretan sea in the south with depths ∼1000 m and entering a channel-like area of the Cycladic shelf in the north, that forms a contraction which leads to a bottom elevation (sill depth ∼100 m), and finally returning into the Cretan Sea in the lee-side of the sill. The flow decelerates/accelerates upstream/downstream of the sill. The along-stream density contours near the sill bottom are raised prior to reaching the sill, while they deepen in the lee side of it indicating supercriticality. The long-wavelength internal wave speeds with realistic stratification and no-rotation are higher than the section averaged flow speeds and indicate subcriticality. A key element in this apparent paradox is the large height of the sill that potentially increases the body (drag) force exerted on the flow by the sill while flow blocking is also observed upstream of the sill.
Metheniti V, Vervatis V, Kampanis N, Sofianos S. Turbidity effects on the Aegean sea surface properties using numerical simulations. [Internet]. 2024;75:4. WebsiteAbstract
This study examines the impact of different turbidity products on the Aegean Sea surface physical characteristics, by performing twin-experiment simulations using a high-resolution regional ocean model. The turbidity products used include an in-situ based diffuse attenuation coefficient dataset at 490 nm (kd490, in m- 1) and a satellite derived kd490 product. Satellite turbidity products are broadly used in ocean simulations due to their spatiotemporal coverage and algorithm universality. Their validation and empirical components are trained mainly in phytoplankton driven regions and this may cause systematic differences in oligotrophic areas of variable optical properties’ composition. In the Aegean Sea, the in-situ based turbidity product accounts for the contribution of suspended particles in the solar heating profile, having further implications in the surface characteristics. The Aegean Sea upper-ocean thermohaline characteristics and general circulation patterns, reveal distinct differences between the twin-experiment simulations, showcasing mesoscale to locally induced impact of the turbidity variations. The turbidity impact on the air-sea interaction fluxes affects both thermodynamic processes i.e., solar radiation penetration and absorption in the water column, as well as dynamic processes i.e., momentum fluxes due to changes of the sea surface temperature and subsequently to the momentum drag coefficient. The Aegean Sea surface characteristics in the in-situ based turbidity product simulation, show a stronger decoupling between the North and the South Aegean Sea, when compared with the satellite derived turbidity product simulation. These results highlight the importance of incorporating more realistic turbidity products in ocean models, especially for optically complex regions such as the Aegean Sea.
Karagiorgos J, Dallenga R, Vervatis V, Sofianos S. Wave Energy Potential in the Mediterranean and Black Seas: A 15-Year Hindcast and Ocean Current Influence. Technical Annals [Internet]. 2024;1. Website
2023
Antivachis D, Vervatis V, Sofianos S. Lagrangian Coherent Structures in the Mediterranean Sea: Seasonality and basin regimes. Progress in Oceanography [Internet]. 2023;215:103051. WebsiteAbstract
The dynamics of fluid flows give rise to robust, persistent circulation features that underpin the flow and exert strong control over the advection of water masses, either enhancing it or suppressing it, collectively known as lagrangian coherent structures. Lagrangian approaches and metrics have been shown to be better suited than eulerian ones at locating and delineating such structures and capturing the effect they have on the formation and dispersion of water masses, particularly at the smaller scales. In this paper, we use the framework of lagrangian coherent structures to analyse the ocean velocity fields over a climatological year obtained from a high-resolution eddy-resolving model in order to investigate the lagrangian regimes that affect the motion, separation and mixing of water masses in the Mediterranean Sea. The lagrangian regimes that develop in each sub-basin over the course of the year are characterised and regions of persistent lagrangian activity and coherent structure formation and presence are identified. A quantitative picture of the seasonal variability of the lagrangian coherent structure-induced horizontal mixing and vortex formation is obtained.
Metheniti V, Karageorgis AP, Drakopoulos P, Kampanis N, Sofianos S. Deriving the diffuse attenuation coefficient in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, using observational optical measurements and a multi-layer perceptron regression model. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers [Internet]. 2023;199:104105. WebsiteAbstract
The diffuse attenuation coefficient is an indicator of light availability in the surface layer, and is used in a broad range of applications, including numerical simulations, for the parameterization of the light transmission in the water column. In this study, a new dataset of the diffuse attenuation coefficient for the Eastern Mediterranean Sea test case is developed using an existing optical dataset of 2614 beam attenuation coefficient profiles. This method introduces a way of overcoming the difficulty of measuring the diffuse attenuation coefficient in-situ by utilizing the most routinely measured variable, the beam attenuation coefficient. The proposed approach uses existing semi-analytical relationships and a neural network. The neural network, a multi-layer perceptron regression model, is trained and validated with a dataset of 29398 concurrent bio-optical in-situ measurements from the PROSOPE cruise and remotely sensed surface variables. The model is applied to the Eastern Mediterranean dataset and the results are interpolated into a gridded gap-free field, with a grid resolution of 0.0416° x 0.0416°, which is assessed and compared with a satellite-derived product, investigating their significant differences. The resulting field's mean value is slightly reduced with respect to the satellite product, showing regions of higher turbidity, with the most prominent located in the northern Aegean Sea in regions of excess colored dissolved organic matter and around mesoscale features and in the Cretan and Levantine Sea in regions of higher mesoscale activity.
Patlakas P, Stathopoulos C, Kalogeri C, Vervatis V, Karagiorgos J, Chaniotis I, Kallos A, Ghulam AS, Al-omary MA, Papageorgiou I, et al. The Development and Operational Use of an Integrated Numerical Weather Prediction System in the National Center for Meteorology of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Weather and Forecasting [Internet]. 2023;38:2289 - 2319. Website
2022
Lyubartseva S, Zodiatis G, Coppini G, Peña J, Benjumeda P, Lecci R, Soloviev D, Neves A. Operational simulations of a Mediterranean oil spill in February 2021. 2022.
Zgouridou A, Tripidaki E, Giantsis IA, Theodorou JA, Kalaitzidou M, Raitsos DE, Lattos A, Mavropoulou A-M, Sofianos S, Karagiannis D, et al. The current situation and potential effects of climate change on the microbial load of marine bivalves of the Greek coastlines: an integrative review. Environmental Microbiology [Internet]. 2022;24:1012-1034. WebsiteAbstract
Summary Global warming affects the aquatic ecosystems, accelerating pathogenic microorganisms' and toxic microalgae's growth and spread in marine habitats, and in bivalve molluscs. New parasite invasions are directly linked to oceanic warming. Consumption of pathogen-infected molluscs impacts human health at different rates, depending, inter alia, on the bacteria taxa. It is therefore necessary to monitor microbiological and chemical contamination of food. Many global cases of poisoning from bivalve consumption can be traced back to Mediterranean regions. This article aims to examine the marine bivalve's infestation rate within the scope of climate change, as well as to evaluate the risk posed by climate change to bivalve welfare and public health. Biological and climatic data literature review was performed from international scientific sources, Greek authorities and State organizations. Focusing on Greek aquaculture and bivalve fisheries, high-risk index pathogenic parasites and microalgae were observed during summer months, particularly in Thermaikos Gulf. Considering the climate models that predict further temperature increases, it seems that marine organisms will be subjected in the long term to higher temperatures. Due to the positive linkage between temperature and microbial load, the marine areas most affected by this phenomenon are characterized as ‘high risk’ for consumer health.
Bourma E, Perivoliotis L, Petihakis G, Korres G, Frangoulis C, Ballas D, Zervakis V, Tragou E, Katsafados P, Spyrou C, et al. The Hellenic Marine Observing, Forecasting and Technology System—An Integrated Infrastructure for Marine Research. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering [Internet]. 2022;10. WebsiteAbstract
Research infrastructures have been established throughout Europe in order to create robust organizations that will facilitate and enhance research and innovation processes and will advance society with innovative products and services. The Hellenic Integrated Marine Observing, Forecasting and Technology System (component of HIMIOFoTS RI) has been implemented in the framework of the National Roadmap for Research Infrastructures to form a large-scale infrastructure for the marine environment in Greece. It links together ocean observing and forecasting systems, coastal zone monitoring and management practices, as well as ocean engineering testing facilities. The overarching framework of the system supports the coordination of five organizations with expertise in the field of marine science and technology, the central management of research activities, and the common development of services and products. It comprises facilities and resources while it provides open access to research communities (academia, industry) to support the scientific advancements and innovation in their fields. The Hellenic Marine Observing, Forecasting and Technology System was further enhanced during its implementation through significant upgrades and developments in order to extend its observing capacity and the forecasting and technological abilities, while advancing the provided services and products.
Mavropoulou A-M, Vervatis V, Sofianos S. The Mediterranean Sea overturning circulation: A hindcast simulation (1958–2015) with an eddy-resolving (1/36°) model. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers [Internet]. 2022;187:103846. WebsiteAbstract
The interannual variability of the Mediterranean overturning circulation is investigated using a high-resolution (1/36°) ocean model. As the overturning circulation regulates the replenishment and ventilation of the deep layers, we study the spatiotemporal scales of the maximum value of the overturning streamfunction over three main sub-basins of dense water formation (Aegean Sea, Adriatic, and the northwestern Mediterranean). The variability of the zonal overturning is also discussed. The spectrum analysis shows that the overturning variability has its largest signal on annual timescales in all sub-basins, explained by perpetual winter formation. On shorter frequencies (decadal) there are marked differences observed, due to regional processes of the overturning cells, led by buoyancy flux long-term variability in each sub-basin. The decomposition of the total overturning circulation into barotropic, geostrophic shear, and Ekman components revealed weakening and strengthening for the Aegean and Adriatic Sea total overturning, respectively, with opposite trends for the barotropic and geostrophic shear components. The simultaneous contribution of the Ekman and geostrophic component to the total overturning differentiates the variability of zonal overturning circulation from the local meridional overturning circulation of the three sub-basins. The cross spectra between the maximum overturning value and the buoyancy fluxes also revealed that the system keeps the “memory” of this forcing and shows annual variability.
Karageorgis A, Metheniti V, Chaikalis S, Gardner W, Kanellopoulos T, Mikkelsen O, Kampanis N, Sofianos S, Anagnostou C. Particulate Matter Spatial, Temporal Distribution and Size Properties in the Aegean Sea. In: ; 2022. pp. 1-32.
2021
Hoteit I, Abualnaja Y, Afzal S, Ait-El-Fquih B, Akylas T, Antony C, Dawson C, Asfahani K, Brewin RJ, Cavaleri L, et al. Towards an End-to-End Analysis and Prediction System for Weather, Climate, and Marine Applications in the Red Sea. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society [Internet]. 2021;102:E99 - E122. Website
Vervatis VD, De Mey-Frémaux P, Ayoub N, Karagiorgos J, Ghantous M, Kailas M, Testut C-E, Sofianos S. Assessment of a regional physical–biogeochemical stochastic ocean model. Part 1: Ensemble generation. Ocean Modelling [Internet]. 2021;160:101781. WebsiteAbstract
In this article, Part 1 of a two-part series, we run and evaluate the skill of a regional physical–biogeochemical stochastic ocean model based on NEMO. The domain covers the Bay of Biscay at 1/36° resolution, as a case study for open-ocean and coastal shelf dynamics. We generate model ensembles based on assumptions about errors in the atmospheric forcing, the ocean model parameterizations and in the sources and sinks of the biogeochemical variables. The resulting errors are found to be mainly driven by the wind forcing uncertainties, with the rest of the perturbed forcing and parameters locally influencing the ensemble spread. Biogeochemical uncertainties arise from intrinsic ecosystem model errors and from errors in the physical state. Uncertainties in physical forcing and parameterization are found to have a larger impact on chlorophyll spread than uncertainties in ecosystem sources and sinks. The ensembles undergo quantitative verification with respect to observations, focusing on upper-ocean properties. Despite a tendency for ensembles to be generally under-dispersive, they appear to be reasonably consistent with respect to sea surface temperature data. The largest statistical sea-level biases are observed in coastal regions. These biases hint at the presence of high-frequency error sources currently unaccounted for, and suggest that the ensemble-based uncertainties are unfit to model error covariances for assimilation. Model ensembles for chlorophyll appear to be consistent with ocean colour data only at times. The stochastic model is qualitatively evaluated by analysing its ability at generating consistent multivariate incremental model corrections. Corrections to physical properties are associated with large-scale biases between model and data, with diverse characteristics in the open-ocean and the shelves. Mesoscale features imprint their signature on temperature and sea-level corrections, as well as on chlorophyll corrections due to the vertical velocities associated with vortices. Small scale local corrections are visible over the shelves. Chlorophyll information has measurable impact on physical variables.
Vervatis VD, De Mey-Frémaux P, Ayoub N, Karagiorgos J, Ciavatta S, Brewin RJW, Sofianos S. Assessment of a regional physical–biogeochemical stochastic ocean model. Part 2: Empirical consistency. Ocean Modelling [Internet]. 2021;160:101770. WebsiteAbstract
In this Part 2 article of a two-part series, observations based on satellite missions were used to evaluate the empirical consistency of model ensembles generated via stochastic modelling of ocean physics and biogeochemistry. A high-resolution Bay of Biscay configuration was used as a case study to explore the model error subspace in both the open and coastal ocean. In Part 1 of this work, three experiments were carried out to generate model ensembles by perturbing only physics, only biogeochemistry, and both of them simultaneously. In Part 2 of this work, empirical consistency was checked, first by means of rank histograms projecting the data onto the model ensemble classes, and second, by pattern-selective consistency criteria in the space of “array modes” defined as eigenvectors of the representer matrix. Rank histograms showed large dependency on geographical region and on season for sea surface temperature (SST), sea-level anomaly (SLA), and phytoplankton functional types (PFT), shifting from consistent model-data configurations to large biases because of model ensemble underspread. Consistency for SST array modes was found to be verified at large, small and coastal scales soon after the ensemble spin-up. Array modes for the along-track sea-level showed useful consistent information at large scales and at the mesoscale; for the gridded SLA was verified only at large scale. Array modes showed that biogeochemical model uncertainties generated by stochastic physics, were effectively detected by PFT measurements at large scales, as well as at mesoscale and small-scale. By contrast, perturbing only biogeochemistry, with an identical physical forcing across the ensemble, limits the potential of PFT measurements at detecting and possibly correcting small-scale biogeochemical model errors. When an ensemble was found to be inconsistent with observations along a particular direction (here, an array mode), a plausible reason is that other error processes must have been active in the model, in addition to the ones at work across the ensemble.
Kampouris K, Vervatis V, Karagiorgos J, Sofianos S. Oil spill model uncertainty quantification using an atmospheric ensemble. Ocean Science [Internet]. 2021;17:919–934. Website
Chaikalis S, Parinos C, Möbius J, Gogou A, Velaoras D, Hainbucher D, Sofianos S, Tanhua T, Cardin V, Proestakis E, et al. Optical Properties and Biochemical Indices of Marine Particles in the Open Mediterranean Sea: The R/V Maria S. Merian Cruise, March 2018. Frontiers in Earth Science [Internet]. 2021;Volume 9 - 2021. WebsiteAbstract
A rich data set on particulate matter optical properties and parameters (beam attenuation coefficient, volume concentration, particle size and PSD slope), accompanied by measurements of biochemical indices (particulate organic carbon, particulate nitrogen and their stable isotopic composition) was obtained from the surface to deep waters across the Mediterranean Sea, in March-April 2018. A decrease of beam attenuation coefficients, total particle volume concentrations, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations was noted towards the eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMed) in comparison to the western Mediterranean Sea (WMed). LISST-derived optical properties were significantly correlated with water mass characteristics. Overall, the most turbid water mass identified in the Mediterranean Sea was the Surface Atlantic water (AW), and the most transparent was the Transitional Mediterranean Water (TMW) in the Cretan Sea, whereas a general decrease in particulate matter concentration is observed from the WMed towards the EMed. Relatively depleted δ13C-POC values in the particle pool of the open Mediterranean Sea can be attributed to contribution from terrestrial inputs, mainly via atmospheric deposition. Throughout the entire water column, a significant positive correlation between particle beam attenuation coefficient and particulate organic carbon concentration is observed in the open Mediterranean Sea. Such relationship suggests the predominance of organic particles with biogenic origin. POC concentration and particle median diameter D50 are significantly and negatively correlated both in the WMed and the EMed Sea, confirming that small particles are POC-rich. At depth, a prominent decrease of most measured parameters was observed, with the exception of particle median diameter that increased substantially in the EMed towards the deep sea, suggesting potentially enhanced aggregation processes. The low particle size distribution slope ξ observed in the EMed, corresponding to larger particle populations, supports the above notion. Basin-wide Rayleigh-type isotopic fractionation in vertical profiles of δ15N-PN across the Mediterranean Sea, underlines the differences in the trophic characters of the two sub-basins and highlights the role of circulation changes on biogeochemical parameters and the redistribution of particulate matter as a source of nutrients in the water column.
Gkanasos A, SCHISMENOU EUDOXIA, TSIARAS KOSTAS, SOMARAKIS STYLIANOS, GIANNOULAKI MARIANNA, Sofianos S, TRIANTAFYLLOU GEORGE. A three dimensional, full life cycle, anchovy and sardine model for the North Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean): Validation, sensitivity and climatic scenario simulations. Mediterranean Marine Science [Internet]. 2021;22:653–668. Website
2020
Banks AC, Drakopoulos PG, Chaikalis S, Spyridakis N, Karageorgis AP, Psarra S, Taillandier V, D'Ortenzio F, Sofianos S, de Madron XD. {An in situ optical dataset for working towards fiducial reference measurements based satellite ocean colour validation in the Eastern Mediterranean}. In: Themistocleous K, Papadavid G, Michaelides S, Ambrosia V, Hadjimitsis DG Eighth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment (RSCy2020). Vol. 11524. International Society for Optics and Photonics; 2020. pp. 1152424. Website
Asfahani K, Krokos G, Papadopoulos VP, Jones BH, Sofianos S, Kheireddine M, Hoteit I. Capturing a Mode of Intermediate Water Formation in the Red Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans [Internet]. 2020;125. Website
Mavropoulou A-M, Vervatis V, Sofianos S. Dissolved oxygen variability in the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Marine Systems [Internet]. 2020;208. Website
Karagiorgos J, Vervatis V, Sofianos S. The impact of tides on the bay of biscay dynamics. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering [Internet]. 2020;8. Website
Banks AC, Drakopoulos PG, Chaikalis S, Spyridakis N, Karageorgis AP, Psarra S, Taillandier V, D'Ortenzio F, Sofianos S, De Madron XD. An in situ optical dataset for working towards fiducial reference measurements based satellite ocean colour validation in the Eastern Mediterranean. In: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. Vol. 11524. ; 2020. Website
Stamataki N, Hatzonikolakis Y, Tsiaras K, Tsangaris C, Petihakis G, Sofianos S, Triantafyllou G. Modelling mussel (Mytilus spp.) microplastic accumulation. Ocean Science [Internet]. 2020;16:927-949. Website
Vasou P, Vervatis V, Krokos G, Hoteit I, Sofianos S. Variability of water exchanges through the Strait of Hormuz. Ocean Dynamics [Internet]. 2020;70:1053-1065. Website
2019
Tintoré J, Pinardi N, Álvarez-Fanjul E, Aguiar E, Álvarez-Berastegui D, Bajo M, Balbin R, Bozzano R, Nardelli BB, Cardin V, et al. Challenges for Sustained Observing and Forecasting Systems in the Mediterranean Sea. Frontiers in Marine Science [Internet]. 2019;6. Website
Gkanasos A, Somarakis S, Tsiaras K, Kleftogiannis D, Giannoulaki M, Schismenou E, Sofianos S, Triantafyllou G. Development, application and evaluation of a 1-D full life cycle anchovy and sardine model for the North Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). PLoS ONE [Internet]. 2019;14. Website
Xie J, Krokos G, Sofianos S, Hoteit I. Interannual Variability of the Exchange Flow Through the Strait of Bab-al-Mandeb. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans [Internet]. 2019;124:1988-2009. Website
Krokos G, Papadopoulos VP, Sofianos SS, Ombao H, Dybczak P, Hoteit I. Natural Climate Oscillations may Counteract Red Sea Warming Over the Coming Decades. Geophysical Research Letters [Internet]. 2019;46:3454-3461. Website
2018
Iona A, Theodorou A, Sofianos S, Watelet S, Troupin C, Beckers J-M. Mediterranean Sea climatic indices: Monitoring long-term variability and climate changes. Earth System Science Data [Internet]. 2018;10:1829-1842. Website
Mitchell NC, Sofianos SS. Origin of submarine channel north of hanish sill, red sea.; 2018 pp. 259-273. Website
2017
Zodiatis G, Lardner R, Alves TM, Krestenitis Y, Perivoliotis L, Sofianos S, Spanoudaki K. Oil spill forecasting (prediction). Journal of Marine Research [Internet]. 2017;75:923-953. Website
Zarokanellos ND, Papadopoulos VP, Sofianos SS, Jones BH. Physical and biological characteristics of the winter-summer transition in the Central Red Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans [Internet]. 2017;122:6355-6370. Website
Hatzonikolakis Y, Tsiaras K, Theodorou JA, Petihakis G, Sofianos S, Triantafyllou G. Simulation of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis growth with a dynamic energy budget model in Maliakos and Thermaikos Gulfs (Eastern mediterranean). Aquaculture Environment Interactions [Internet]. 2017;9:371-383. Website
Sofianos S, Johns WE. The summer circulation in the Gulf of Suez and its influence in the Red Sea thermohaline circulation. Journal of Physical Oceanography [Internet]. 2017;47:2047-2053. Website
2016
Mavropoulou A-M, Mantziafou A, Jarosz E, Sofianos S. The influence of Black Sea Water inflow and its synoptic time-scale variability in the North Aegean Sea hydrodynamics. Ocean Dynamics [Internet]. 2016;66:195-206. Website
Zodiatis G, De Dominicis M, Perivoliotis L, Radhakrishnan H, Georgoudis E, Sotillo M, Lardner RW, Krokos G, Bruciaferri D, Clementi E, et al. The Mediterranean Decision Support System for Marine Safety dedicated to oil slicks predictions. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography [Internet]. 2016;133:4-20. Website
Licer M, Smerkol P, Fettich A, Ravdas M, Papapostolou A, Mantziafou A, Strajnar B, Cedilnik J, Jeromel M, Jerman J, et al. Modeling the ocean and atmosphere during an extreme bora event in northern Adriatic using one-way and two-way atmosphere-ocean coupling. Ocean Science [Internet]. 2016;12:71-86. Website
2015
Georgiou S, Mantziafou A, Sofianos S, Gertman I, Özsoy E, Somot S, Vervatis V. Climate variability and deep water mass characteristics in the Aegean Sea. Atmospheric Research [Internet]. 2015;152:146-158. Website
Georgiou S, Mantziafou A, Sofianos S, Gertman I, Özsoy E, Somot S, Vervatis V. Corrigendum to "Climate variability and deep water mass characteristics in the Aegean Sea" [Atmospheric Research 152 (2014) 146-158]. Atmospheric Research [Internet]. 2015;153:579. Website
Ličer M, Smerkol P, Fettich A, Ravdas M, Papapostolou A, Mantziafou A, Strajnar B, Cedilnik J, Jeromel M, Jerman J, et al. Modeling ocean response to an extreme Bora event in Northern Adriatic using one-way and two-way atmosphere-ocean coupling. Ocean Science Discussions [Internet]. 2015;12:1389-1431. Website
Hernandez F, Blockley E, Brassington GB, Davidson F, Divakaran P, Drévillon M, Ishizaki S, Garcia-Sotillo M, Hogan PJ, Lagemaa P, et al. Recent progress in performance evaluations and near real-time assessment of operational ocean products. Journal of Operational Oceanography [Internet]. 2015;8:s221-s238. Website
Papadopoulos VP, Zhan P, Sofianos SS, Raitsos DE, Qurban M, Abualnaja Y, Bower A, Kontoyiannis H, Pavlidou A, Asharaf TTM, et al. Factors governing the deep ventilation of the Red Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans [Internet]. 2015;120:7493-7505. Website
2014
Özsoy E, Sofianos S, Gertman I, Mantziafou A, Aydoğdu A, Georgiou S, Tutsak E, Lascaratos A, Hecht A, Latif MA. Deep-Water Variability and Interbasin Interactions in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.; 2014 pp. 85-112. Website
Özsoy E, Sofianos S, Gertman I, Mantziafou A, Aydogdu A, Georgiou S, Tutsak E, Lascaratos A, Hecht A, Latif MA. Deep-water variability and interbasin interactions in the eastern mediterranean sea. Geophysical Monograph Series [Internet]. 2014;202:85-112. Website
Qahtani JA, Alaa E, Kallos G, Galanis G, Sofianos S, Mitsakou C, Spyrou C, Kalogeri C, Bartsotas N, Athanaselis J, et al. An integrated weather and sea state forecasting system for the Arabian Peninsula (WASSF). In: Springer Proceedings in Complexity. ; 2014. pp. 173-177. Website
Vervatis VD, Skliris N, Sofianos SS. Inter-annual/decadal variability of north Aegean Sea hydrodynamics over 1960-2000. Mediterranean Marine Science [Internet]. 2014;15:696-705. Website
Malanotte-Rizzoli P, Artale V, Borzelli-Eusebi GL, Brenner S, Crise A, Gacic M, Kress N, Marullo S, Ribera D'Alcalà M, Sofianos S, et al. Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: A review of unresolved issues and directions for future research. Ocean Science [Internet]. 2014;10:281-322. Website
2013
Vervatis VD, Sofianos SS, Skliris N, Somot S, Lascaratos A, Rixen M. Mechanisms controlling the thermohaline circulation pattern variability in the Aegean-Levantine region. A hindcast simulation (1960-2000) with an eddy resolving model. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers [Internet]. 2013;74:82-97. Website
2012
Johns WE, Sofianos SS. Atmospherically forced exchange through the Bab El Mandeb strait. Journal of Physical Oceanography [Internet]. 2012;42:1143-1157. Website
Skliris N, Sofianos S, Gkanasos A, Mantziafou A, Vervatis V, Axaopoulos P, Lascaratos A. Decadal scale variability of sea surface temperature in the Mediterranean Sea in relation to atmospheric variability. Ocean Dynamics [Internet]. 2012;62:13-30. Website
2011
Vervatis VD, Sofianos SS, Theocharis A. Distribution of the thermohaline characteristics in the Aegean Sea related to water mass formation processes (2005-2006 winter surveys). Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans [Internet]. 2011;116. Website
Skliris N, Sofianos SS, Gkanasos A, Axaopoulos P, Mantziafou A, Vervatis V. Long-term sea surface temperature variability in the Aegean Sea. Advances in Oceanography and Limnology [Internet]. 2011;2:125-139. Website
2010
Axaopoulos P, Sofianos S. Long term variability of sea surface temperature in Mediterranean Sea. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 1203. ; 2010. pp. 899-904. Website
Tzali M, Sofianos S, Mantziafou A, Skliris N. Modelling the impact of Black Sea Water inflow on the North Aegean Sea hydrodynamics. Ocean Dynamics [Internet]. 2010;60:585-596. Website
Tzali M, Sofianos S, Kallos G, Mantziafou A, Zafeirakou A, Dermisis V, Koutitas C, Zervakis V. Oil spill dispersion forecasting system for the region of installation of the burgas alexandroulopis pipeline outlet (N.E. Aegean) in the framework of "DIAVLOS" project. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 1203. ; 2010. pp. 1037-1041. Website
Skliris N, Mantziafou A, Sofianos S, Gkanasos A. Satellite-derived variability of the Aegean Sea ecohydrodynamics. Continental Shelf Research [Internet]. 2010;30:403-418. Website
2008
Zodiatis G, Lardner R, Hayes DR, Georgiou G, Sofianos S, Skliris N, Lascaratos A. Operational ocean forecasting in the Eastern Mediterranean: Implementation and evaluation. Ocean Science [Internet]. 2008;4:31-47. Website
2007
Skliris N, Sofianos S, Lascaratos A. Hydrological changes in the Mediterranean Sea in relation to changes in the freshwater budget: A numerical modelling study. Journal of Marine Systems [Internet]. 2007;65:400-416. Website
Sofianos SS, Johns WE. Observations of the summer Red Sea circulation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans [Internet]. 2007;112. Website
2003
Sofianos SS, Johns WE. An Oceanic General Circulation Model (OGCM) investigation of the red sea circulation: 2. Three-dimensional circulation in the Red Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans [Internet]. 2003;108:11-1 - 11-15. Website
2002
Sofianos SS, Johns WE, Murray SP. Heat and freshwater budgets in the Red Sea from direct observations at Bab el Mandeb. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography [Internet]. 2002;49:1323-1340. Website
Sofianos SS, Johns WE. An Oceanic General Circulation Model (OGCM) investigation of the Red Sea circulation, 1. Exchange between the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans [Internet]. 2002;107:17-1 - 17-11. Website
2001
Sofianos SS, Johns WE. Wind induced sea level variability in the Red Sea. Geophysical Research Letters [Internet]. 2001;28:3175-3178. Website