Darwin's Day has been celebrated, worldwide, a few weeks ago. This communication does not intend to address Darwin's scientific views, but aims to focus on his religious beliefs and, above all, on the reasons why Darwin was led to reject religion. Which, in the opinion of the writer, it is not related to his scientific views, i.e. the Theory of Evolution through Natural Selection but, mainly, with reasons that go back to the field of Ethics in the broad sense, and to logical considerations, as well.

This paper examines the significance of 'geological argument' (age of earth, geological changes, stromatography, fossils) in the process of accepting the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection (TENS), by Greek teachers that teach biology. It is a part of a wider research process, examining the conceptual ecology of evolution. That would be the most relevant terminology relating to the TENS (acceptance, understanding, opinions on the nature of science, way of thinking, religiosity) and their interconnectedness. The research was mainly quantitative, and it has been performed by the use of a closed-ended questionnaire. In addition, we used a qualitative methodology through semi-structured interviews, in order to deepen and interpret the findings of the quantitative method. The results show that there appears to occur an especially high acceptance of the TENS amongst geologists that teach biology in secondary education, compare to similar teachers of science. A finding that may lead to the conclusion that the "geological arguments" are especially strong in the process of accepting the TENS and suggest that they might, therefore, be used more often in the teaching of evolution.

The paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a teaching intervention for the teaching of Evolution. This is carried out through an evolution-based investigation activity of the nervous system from Protozoan to Humans. Specifically, students were able to follow two main evolutionary pathways related to the Nervous system. In the first place, they were familiarized with a march of the Nervous System (NS) from Protozoans to Vertebrates and from Fishes to Humans. In a second stage they studied and compared the difference between the development of Spatial Memory and Hippocampus between polygamous mice and taxi drivers of NY city. I.e. they were faced with a case of adaptation in a Darwinian evolution way in contrast to a Lamarckian case of an acquired trait. The results of two studies concerning the increased size of the Hippocampus as a result of the impact of the environment and as an adaptive characteristic of reproductive and survival strategies are given to students who are invited to investigate whether this characteristic is inherited or not in the two cases. In addition to the main question, individual concepts of Evolution through Natural Selection and Neurobiology are explored. Teaching intervention is a proposal for the teaching of basic concepts of Evolution through the promotion of the idea of using the Evolution by Natural Selection as the Unifying Theory of Biology. The results show a statistically significant

 Darwin's Day has been celebrated, worldwide, a few weeks ago. Indeed, Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 and died on April 19, 1882. Darwin's work and contribution to world thinking have been written and will continue to be written, since his contribution to global way of thinking and culture is incalculable. As he has changed the human perspective on the nature of creation and the driving force behind it. This article does not intend to address Darwin's scientific views, but aims to focus on his religious beliefs and, above all, on the reasons why Darwin was led to reject religion. Which, in the opinion of the writer, it is not related to his scientific views, i.e. the Theory of Evolution through Natural Selection but, mainly, with reasons that go back to the field of Ethics in the broad sense, and to logical considerations, as well.