Publications by Type: Journal Article

(1992). Γογγάκη Κωνσταντίνα. Νέα μέτρα του Ισραήλ για περαιτέρω επιδείνωση της εκπαίδευσης στην Παλαιστίνη.Ο Ισραηλινός στρατός συνεχίζει την επίθεσή του εις βάρος του παλαιστινιακού λαού και ειδικότερα της εκπαίδευσης της Παλαιστίνης, χρησιμοποιώντας βία κατά των σχολείων και των μαθητών. Μερικά σχολεία υφίστανται επιθέσεις και εκτοξεύονται δακρυγό­να στις αυλές και στις τάξεις, ενώ άλλα κλείνουν για αόριστες χρονικές περιόδους με στρατιωτικές εντο­λές. Επίσης, η απαγόρευση της κυ­κλοφορίας σαν μέτρο συλλογικής τιμωρίας έχει χρη­σιμοποιηθεί ευρύτατα από τις στρατιωτικές αρχές στις κοινότητες της Δυτικής Όχθης και τη Γάζα, εμποδίζοντας χιλιάδες μαθητές και φοιτητές να παρακολουθήσουν τα μαθήματα και να συμπληρώσουν τις σπουδές τους. Υπάρχουν περιπτώσεις που οι φοιτητές αναγκάστηκαν να συνεχίσουν τις εξετάσεις μέσα σ' ένα κλίμα σύγχυσης, συ­χνών πυροβολισμών και στο θόρυβο των μεταφερόμε­νων μεγαφώνων. Ένα άλλο «νέο» μέτρο συλλογικής τιμωρίας, που χαρακτηρίζει τη στάση των Ισραηλινών αρχών απέναντι στην εκπαιδευτική κατάσταση στην Παλαιστίνη, είναι η απόφαση του ισ­ραηλινού υπουργείου Άμυνας για νέα παράταση του κλεισίματος του Πανεπιστημίου Birzeit - του δεύτερου μεγάλου Παν/μίου της Δυτ. Όχθης με­τά το Al-Najah - κατά στη Ramallah, υπονομεύοντας σημαντικά τις όποιες προσπάθειες για το χτίσιμο κάποιας εμπι­στοσύνης ανάμεσα στους Παλαιστίνιους και στους Ισραηλινούς. Οι φοιτητές του παρακολουθούν μαθήματα σε νοικιασμένα κτήρια, έξω από την πανεπιστημιούπολη της Ramallah, στερούμενοι όπως και οι καθηγητές, τα πνευματικά και κοινωνικά πλεονεκτήματα της εξαιρετικής παν/κής βιβλιοθήκης, των εργαστηρίων και άλλων διευκολύνσεων. Εκτός από τα παραπάνω, το Educational Network και άλλοι εκπαιδευτικοί ορ­γανισμοί κλήθηκαν στα στρατιωτικά αρχηγεία στην Δυτική Όχθη για απαγόρευση των συγκεντρώσεων των καθηγητών, των συνεδριάσεων, της λειτουργίας των εργαστηρίων χωρίς την άδεια της Ισραηλινής δημό­σιας διοίκησης. Γίνεται επομένως φανε­ρό ότι αυτό που επιδιώκουν οι Ισραηλινοί είναι να εντείνουν τον έλεγχό τους επάνω στα Παλαιστινιακά εκπαιδευτικά ιδρύματα και τις δραστηριότητες. Το συναίσθημα που επικρατεί στους Παλαιστίνιους, είναι ότι οι Ισραηλινοί έχουν αυξήσει τις πιέσεις ενα­ντίον τους και είναι εκτός ελέγχου, ενώ ο υπόλοιπος κόσμος τους έχει ξεχάσει.     *Σημείωση των «Αντιτετραδίων της Εκπαίδευσης»: Τα στατιστικά στοιχεία για τα Ιδιωτικά, Κυβερνητικά και UNRWA Σχολεία, Προπαρασκευαστικά, Στοιχειώδους Εκπαίδευσης και Γυμνάσια, που συγκέντρωσε η Κων/να Γογγάκη κατά το ταξίδι της στην Παλαιστίνη, προέρχονται από το EDUCATIONAL NETWORK, και βλέπουν το φως της δημοσιότητας για πρώτη φορά στην Ελλάδα. 

Μεταξύ 1180 και 1190 το Graal εμφανίστηκε στην ευρωπαϊκή Λογοτεχνία χάρις στον εκ Καμπανίας διηγηματογράφο, τον Chretien de Troyes. Ήταν για ένα μεγάλο χρονικό διάστημα ο πιστός συγγραφέας της Μαρίας της Καμπανίας, κόρης της Ελεονώρας της Ακουϊτανίας και απ' ό,τι γνωρίζουμε είχε επαφές με την βασίλισσα - δούκισσα όταν αυτή είχε την αυλής στο Πουατιέ, μία αυλή η οποία δεχόταν πλήθος ποιητών, μουσικών και καλλιτεχνών κελτικής, οξιτανικής, αγγλο-νορμανδικής και βρετονικής καταγωγής, αποτελώντας έτσι ένα εξαιρετικό κρατήρα ανάμιξης όλων των υπαρχόντων ευρωπαϊκών πολιτισμών και ευρωπαϊκών προφορικών παραδόσεων.

(1992). Γογγάκη Κωνσταντίνα. Το εκπαιδευτικό πρόβλημα στις κατεχόμενες περιοχές της Παλαιστίνης. Αντιτετράδια της Εκπαίδευσης, 17-18: 59-63. Στην εργασία διερευνώνται οι πολιτικές, κοινωνικές και εκπαιδευτικές συνθήκες μέσα στις οποίες γίνεται προσπάθεια για τη λειτουργία ενός, έστω, υποτυπώδους εκπαιδευτικού συστήματος, στη Δυτική Όχθη και τη Λωρίδα της Γάζας. Οι Ισραηλινές στρατιωτικές αρχές έχουν επιβάλλει μεγάλο αριθμό στρατιωτικών διαταγών, που εφαρμόζονται ακατάπαυστα, προκειμένου να ασκούν τον έλεγχο στην καθημερινή ζωή και την εκπαίδευση των «κατεχόμενων» Παλαιστινίων. Τα προβλήματα στις κατεχόμενες περιοχές της Παλαιστίνης είναι δριμύτατα, ενώ στην περιοχή της Λωρίδας της Γάζας είναι ακόμη εντονότερα, καθώς εκεί υπάρχει μεγάλος αριθμός προσφυγικών καταυλισμών. Οι συνθήκες επιβίωσης είναι δραματικές, ενώ η ανυπαρξία κρατικής δομής, οι καθημερινοί εποικισμοί σε περιοχές των Παλαιστινίων, η απαγόρευση κυκλοφορίας και οι επιθέσεις, καθιστούν τις συνθήκες ζωής εξαιρετικά επικίνδυνες και την ίδια την επιβίωσή τους. Είναι φυσικό, υπό της συνθήκες του ελέγχου αυτού και την οικονομική εξάρτηση της Παλαιστίνης από το κραταιό οικονομικά Ισραήλ, τα ζητήματα της εκπαίδευσης να υπονομεύονται, αφού η σύγχυση που δημιουργείται ως προς την άμεση χρησιμότητα της εκπαίδευσης καθιστά στη συνείδηση των κατοίκων την παιδεία ως όχι πολύ σπουδαίο προσόν. Η ανασφάλεια της ζωής, η ανυπαρξία υποδομών στους καταυλισμούς, ο ελάχιστος αριθμός ωρών κατά τις οποίες μπορούν να διατηρηθούν τα σχολεία ανοιχτά -λόγω της απαγόρευσης της κυκλοφορίας- και οι φυλακίσεις των μαρτύρων, αποτελούν εν τέλει, μία δραματική σύνθεση, η οποία αποδυναμώνει και περιθωριοποιεί το ανθρώπινο δυναμικό που ζει στις ταραγμένες αυτές περιοχές της μεσογείου. Παρά τα προβλήματα, ωστόσο, οι μικροί Παλαιστίνιοι μαθητές και οι μαθήτριες επιχειρούν να κατακτήσουν την γνώση που θα τους οδηγήσει προς το μέλλον. Στην εργασία παρέχονται στατιστικά στοιχεία για την προβληματική εκπαιδευτική κατάσταση τόσο για τις περιοχές της Δυτικής Όχθης, όσο και για τη Γάζα. Η εργασία αποτελεί καταγραφή της προσωπικής εμπειρίας της Κων/νας Γογγάκη από τις παραπάνω κατεχόμενες περιοχές της Παλαιστίνης κατά την επίσκεψή της εκεί το καλοκαίρι 1991 στη διάρκεια της Intifada (نتفاضة), και τα (απαγορευμένα έως τότε) στατιστικά στοιχεία δημοσιεύονται για πρώτη φορά στην Ελλάδα.    

The binding of 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) to bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA), and human plasma has been studied by potentiometric titration utilizing a laboratory constructed ion selective electrode (ISE) of ANS. Three classes of ANS binding sites were found on BSA, HSA, and plasma at 25 and 37-degrees-C. Computer analysis of the data resulted in estimates for the association constants, number of binding sites (HSA, BSA), and binding capacity of each class. The association constants for the first class of binding sites at 25-degrees-C were found to be 7.53 (+/- 0.59) x 10(5), 2.70 (+/- 0.20) x 10(5), and 2.64 (+/- 0.26) x 10(5) M-1 for BSA, HSA, and plasma, respectively. Lower values for the association constants of all binding classes were estimated at the higher temperature (37-degrees-C). The binding capacity for ANS decreased in the order BSA, plasma, HSA.

We report six female patients with breast cancer who developed dermatomyositis and compare our data with those from other reports. The development of dermatomyositis in two patients led to the discovery of a second primary ovarian carcinoma, whereas the development of dermatomyositis in another two patients led to the discovery of recurrent breast cancer. In three patients the diagnosis of dermatomyositis preceded the diagnosis of breast cancer, while the rest developed dermatomyositis after the diagnosis of breast cancer. A parallel clinical course of dermatomyositis and breast cancer was seen in only one patient. Coexisting dermatomyositis and breast cancer is a rare phenomenon, and dermatomyositis that develops during the course of breast cancer may indicate the occurrence of a second primary malignancy or recurrent breast cancer. The onset of dermatomyositis may precede, coincide with, or follow the diagnosis of breast cancer. The clinical course of dermatomyositis sometimes, but not always, parallels the course of breast cancer. There are no specific clinical or laboratory markers to distinguish patients with dermatomyositis who have malignancy from those without cancer. © 1991.

The authors develop a new efficient method for calculating the shape-truncation functions of arbitrary Voronoi polyhedra by combining analytical and numerical techniques. Applications are presented for cells of cubic symmetry as well as for hexagonal close-packed (HCP) atomic polyhedra with different values of the c/a ratio. They also discuss an efficient way for performing three-dimensional integrations in electronic-structure calculations (e.g. solve Poisson's equation) using shape functions.

A photographic atlas of close pairs of star clusters in the Large Magellanie Cloud is presented here. The criterion for inclusion of cluster pairs in the atlas was an upper limit of 18.7 pc for the projected separation between the centres of the clusters in each pair. Accurate coordinates for the clusters, the projected separations and estimates of the diameters and positional angles are given and some of the global properties of the cluster-pair population of the LMC are discussed. It is found that the individual clusters in pairs preferentially have nearly equal sizes.

The production of cosmic ray positrons by photon-photon pair production of high-energy gamma-rays on starlight photons is examined. Calculating the production rate as a function of positron energy and distance from the sun resulting from interactions with sunlight is the first step. The results are generalized to production on other types of star. The average production rate per unit volume averaged over the local region of the galaxy is calculated, and the contribution to the observed intensity from this process is estimated.

The mixing and transport of cosmic rays accelerated by a pulsar inside an expanding supernova remnant are examined, and the resulting high-energy gamma-ray emission from nuclear interactions of these accelerated particles in the shell is investigated. Rayleigh-Taylor instability at the interface between a pulsar wind cavity and the inner supernova envelope is assumed to be the mixing mechanism. The analysis is applied to the model of Gaisser, Harding, and Stanev (1987), where protons are accelerated at the reverse shock in the pulsar wind. The instability time-scale is estimated from the dynamics of the pulsar wind cavity, and model the injection, diffusion, and interaction of protons in the shell. The resulting gamma-ray flux is lower than previous estimates due to proton adiabatic losses in the expanding pulsar wind. The protons mix and diffuse only into the innermost regions of the envelope before interacting. Energy-dependent diffusion causes the higher energy gamma-ray light curves to decay faster than those at lower energy.

Cyclosporine and methotrexate at standard doses (15 mg/m2 on day 1 and 10 mg/m2 on days 3, 6, and 11, total 45 mg/m2) are effective in the prophylaxis of actue graft‐vs.‐host disease. However, the combination has significant early toxicities with delayed engraftment, increased mucositis, and hepatotoxicity. We modified the combination by adding single‐dose methylprednisolone and lowered the total dose of methotrexate to 35 mg/m2 (5 mg/m2 on days 1, 3, and 6, and then 10 mg/m2 on days 11 and 18) and then to 20 mg/m2 (5 mg/m2 on days 1, 3, 6, and 11) in an attempt to decrease these side effects in two sequential consecutive groups of patients. We demonstrated that the modified regimens maintained the efficacy with reduced toxicities. The rate of engraftment was comparable to cyclosporine alone and the hepatotoxicity was reduced with reduced doses of methotrexate. Factors such as early immunosuppression of the host, intravenous immunoglobulin, the timing of steroid administration, nucleotide free diet and germ free environment may contribute to the effectiveness of the combination and permit reduction of methotrexate dose. Copyright © 1991 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company

A compartmental approach for estimating the duration of the zero-order absorption was developed. For drugs obeying one-compartment model disposition, the estimation is based on an explicit relationship while an iterative process is required for drugs represented by two-compartment kinetics. A method based on a double graphical plot for ascertaining absorption kinetics for drugs exhibiting one-compartment model disposition was also developed.

We have used anodization techniques to process porous surface regions in p-type Czochralski Si and in p-type Si0.85Ge0.15 epitaxial layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The SiGe layers were unrelaxed before processing. We have observed strong near-infrared and visible light emission from both systems. Analysis of the radiative and nonradiative recombination processes indicate that the emission is consistent with the decay of excitons localized in structures of one or zero dimensions.

The authors investigate the formation of local spin moments of transition metal impurities diluted in free-electron-like monovalent hosts by performing self-consistent, local spin density functional calculations for all the 3d elements embedded in jellium. The magnetic behaviour of the impurity is studied systematically by varying continuously the jellium density from zero up to a critical value, at which the magnetic moment disappears. The results are in good agreement with the results of other calculations and the available experimental data.

A generalized Hodges-Lehmann type estimator for the treatment effect in the two-sample problem with right censoring, is proposed based on an inverse-quantile-type idea using truncated versions of the Kaplan-Meier estimators over the subspace where they are consistent. Its strong consistency and asymptotic normality can be obtained, under no conditions on the uninformative censorings, and the resulting variance is easily estimable from the data. In simulation studies the proposed estimator is superior to existing procedures in the presence of heavy unequal censoring.

A study is undertaken of the 3D spatial distribution of the older stellar population lying beyond about 2 kpc in projected radial distance from the center of the SMC. The study is intended to cover 120 square degrees including six overlapping Schmidt fields. The results from an area of 80 square degrees are presented including the western, northern and northeastern outer parts of the SMC.

Objective: To evaluate serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a prognostic factor in previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma. Design: Study of 391 consecutive patients with uniformly treated multiple myeloma, followed until death in 63% of patients. Setting: Tertiary, referral cancer center. Patients: A total of 391 consecutive, previously untreated, symptomatic patients with various stages of multiple myeloma. Intervention: Various chemotherapy regimens that included doxorubicin or glucocorticoids, or both, with a consistent response rate (53%). Measurements: Outcomes included clinical response based on a 75% reduction of calculated tumor load and survival time from treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used. Main Results: Eleven percent of patients showed a high serum LDH level of more than 5.0 μkat/L (300 U/L). An elevated LDH level was seen more frequently with a rise in the tumor load; an increased level was present in 26% of patients with high tumor mass. A high LDH level was associated with plasma cell leukemia or lymphoma-like clinical features (43%) and with plasma cell hypodiploidy (17%). Only 20% of patients with elevated LDH levels responded to chemotherapy compared with a response rate of 57% for patients with low levels of LDH. Using multivariate analysis, LDH was a significant independent predictor of response (P = 0.001), with an odds ratio of 0.25 (95% Cl, 0.11 to 0.57). A high LDH level was associated with a short median survival (9 months) and showed the highest relative risk (2.63; Cl, 1.75 to 3.95; P= 0.001). Conclusions: Elevation of the LDH level suggests the presence of occult extraosseous disease and high tumor mass. The LDH level is a predictor of a poor prognosis in selected patients who should be considered for early intensive treatment.

A successful pregnancy of a young woman with late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia (LOCAH) is reported. Exogenous glucocorticoids are the most commonly used regimen in such cases both for suppression of adrenal overstimulation and avoiding masculinization of a female fetus. In our LOCAH patient methylprednisolone has been used for treatment. We present the management and the outcome of this pregnancy, as well as the hormonal follow-up. © 1991.

The estimation of the treatment effect in the two-sample problem with right censoring is of interest in survival analysis. In this article we consider both the location shift model and the scale change model. We establish the large-sample properties of a generalized Hodges-Lehmann type estimator. The strong consistency is established under the minimal possible conditions. The asymptotic normality is also obtained without imposing any conditions on the censoring mechanisms. As a by-product, we also establish a result for the oscillation behavior of the Kaplan-Meier process, which extends the Bahadur result for the empirical process to the censored case.

A new age indicator for star clusters and other stellar populations, with red horizontal branches or clumps, is introduced. This indicator is defined as the colour difference between the median colour of the red horizontal branch or clump and the red giant branch at the level of the horizontal branch. This difference is clearly independent of the values adopted for the reddening and distance modulus of the population as well as of systematic errors in the photometry and it is shown to be insensitive to metal abundance for a wide range of metallicities from solar values down to [Fe/H]~ - 1.7 dex. The theoretical predictions of stellar evolution models for this indicator are also examined. Finally, the new indicator is applied to colour-magnitude diagrams of star clusters with poorly known ages in our Galaxy, as well as to field populations in the Magellanic Clouds and the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy. At least one of the galactic disc globular clusters examined is found to have an age less than ~8 Gyr.

The authors present numerical calculations of the absorbance of light by a plane of metallic spheres. The absorbance is calculated as a function of frequency for s- and p-polarized light, for different angles of incidence and for different coverages. They demonstrate the importance of l-pole terms beyond the dipole (l=1) term in interparticle scattering. They examine the effect of disorder and consider the influence of a dielectric substrate on the absorbance of the system consisting of a substrate plus adsorbed spheres.

Pleural fluid and serum soluble Interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) were measured by an enzyme-immunoassay in 13 patients with tuberculous pleurisy, in 28 patients with carcinomatous pleurisy and in 17 transudates from patients with congestive heart failure. Significantly higher values of sIL-2R were observed in exudative than in transudative (x̄ ± SLM = 713 ± 111 U/ml) pleural fluid samples, the highest being found in tuberculous (3777 ± 501 U/ml) and the intermediate in carcinomatous exudates (1981 ± 160 U/ml) (p < 0.0001, one way ANOVA). Serum sIL-2R were significantly higher in cacrinomatous and transudative groups than in age- and sex-matched controls (p < 0.002; one way ANOVA), while there was no significant difference between the tuberculous group and controls. The pleura/serum sIL-2R ratio was significantly higher in tuberculous (5.32 ± 0.60), than in carcinomatous pleurisy (2.67 ± 6.20) and higher still than in transudates (0.76 ± 0.10) (p < 0.001; one way ANOVA). In conclusion, the pleura/serum sIL-2R ratio may be a helpful parameter in differentiating tuberculous from carcinomatous pleurisy and an additional confirmatory one for distinguishing transudates from exudates.

Twenty-four patients with metastatic and chemotherapy-refractorynonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis were treated with various chemotherapy regimens upon failure. Eight of the 24 patients (33 %) are alive and disease free after salvage therapy with a median follow-up of sixteen months. Prognostic factors tested included those known to be predictive for initial response to therapy (clinical stage and degree of elevation of the biomarkers). In addition, time to initiation of salvage therapy and response to initial chemotherapy were assessed as variables. Our data suggest that patients with solitary organ metastases following relapse, and response to initial chemotherapy are favorable predictors for response to salvage treatment. All the patients with solitary organ metastases (5/5 [100 %]) but only 3/19 (16 %) of the patients with multiple metastatic sites were salvaged. Patients with delayed initiation of salvage therapy had a reduced likelihood of achieving a complete remission but this was not statistically significant. The variables identified need to be incorporated into future trials testing the efficacy of salvage therapy for patients with nonseminomatous tumors of the testis. © 1991 Cahners Publishing Company.

Twenty-four patients with metastatic and chemotherapy-refractorynonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis were treated with various chemotherapy regimens upon failure. Eight of the 24 patients (33 %) are alive and disease free after salvage therapy with a median follow-up of sixteen months. Prognostic factors tested included those known to be predictive for initial response to therapy (clinical stage and degree of elevation of the biomarkers). In addition, time to initiation of salvage therapy and response to initial chemotherapy were assessed as variables. Our data suggest that patients with solitary organ metastases following relapse, and response to initial chemotherapy are favorable predictors for response to salvage treatment. All the patients with solitary organ metastases (5/5 [100 %]) but only 3/19 (16 %) of the patients with multiple metastatic sites were salvaged. Patients with delayed initiation of salvage therapy had a reduced likelihood of achieving a complete remission but this was not statistically significant. The variables identified need to be incorporated into future trials testing the efficacy of salvage therapy for patients with nonseminomatous tumors of the testis. © 1991 Cahners Publishing Company.

We present a rare case of primary renal carcinoid tumor that metastasized to the liver and kidneys. The tumor and the metastases were hypovascular angiographically, did not enhance on CT, and were hyperechoic with a hypoechoic halo on ultrasound. A similar pattern has been seen in a few cases previously reported in the literature. © 1991 Raven Press, Ltd., New York.

Abstract: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic marrow transplantation. We studied 14 consecutive CMV‐seropositive patients adding ganciclovir (2.5 mg/kg i.v. every 8 hours for 7 days prior to transplant and 6 mg/kg three times a week after neutrophils became > 0.5 times 109/1 and the patients were platelet transfusion‐independent until d 70) to our previous prophylaxis regimen which consisted of intravenous immunoglobulin and acyclovir. The result was compared with 30 consecutive patients whom we studied with our previous regimen. The addition of ganciclovir did not cause any extra toxicities. The incidence of interstitial pneumonitis and cumulative probability of CMV excretion in the first 100 d post‐transplantation was significantly reduced (p = 0.038 and p = 0.035 respectively). The result shows that addition of ganciclovir significantly decreased the incidence of CMV infection in the early post‐transplantation period. © Munksgaard 1991

This article presents the results of a research study on 547 mental patients testing a form of nursing assessment of mental patients in psychiatric and in general hospitals, as a means to assess their nursing needs and as a basis for planning, implementation and evaluation of their personalized holistic nursing care. The study showed that more depressive than schizophrenic patients went to the general hospital for help. The reverse was observed in the psychiatric hospital. The psychological nursing needs of the patients were significantly correlated with their somatic nursing needs. The psychological as well as the somatic nursing needs of the patients were significantly correlated with sex, age, somatic health state and mental health state in general, and not with their concrete psychiatric diagnosis. It is concluded that the psychiatric nursing assessment should be oriented towards the investigation of the patient's psychosomatic nursing needs rather than be based on his medical diagnosis.

The purpose of this study was to provide quantitative data on the shape of the mandible at the period around the pubertal growth spurt and to test the hypothesis that early mandibular shape may influence the amount and direction of subsequent mandibular growth. Longitudinal data from lateral cephalograms of 55 white female and 39 white male subjects were used. The mandibular outline from articulare to gnathion was analyzed into cosine curves, according to the Fourier equation. The resulting Fourier coefficients, representing mandibular outline shape, were analyzed statistically in relation to age, sex, craniofacial pattern, and mandibular growth rotation. Statistically significant growth changes of the Fourier coefficients were observed, especially during the postpubertal period, indicating a decrease in the gonial angle with age. Sex-related differences in shape were observed at all ages, male subjects showing a more rounded shape of the mandible than female subjects. Mandibular shape, as represented by the Fourier coefficients, was correlated to cephalometric variables, indicating mandibular inclination, but only poorly to cephalometric variables, indicating anteroposterior jaw relation. Total rotation of the mandible during growth could not be predicted by mandibular shape.

One of the most important considerations in designing an integrated process for the production of organic acids is the strong pH dependence of the process parameters. The release of the acidic products during the fermentation alters the pH of the broth and subsequently affects the kinetics of cell growth and product formation. In addition, some parameters (such as the distribution coefficient of the products during extraction, their solubility constants during precipitation, etc.) in the subsequent separation processes following fermentation are also strong functions of pH. A pH profile predicting model for organic acids fermentation could be used in combination with specific separation process equations, in order to perform simulations concerning the feasibility of the whole process or the evaluation of the system's performance. In this work, such a general pH profile predicting model has been developed. The model requires knowledge of the fermentation medium composition and the kinetics of cell growth and product formation. The model has been verified for (but by no means restricted to) the case of butyric acid fermentation.  

The AAT FOCAP fibre system has been used to obtain spectra, centred at the Ca II IR-triplet, of 14 stars in the field of the recently discovered Sextans dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Radial velocities derived from these spectra indicate that six of the stars observed are Sextans members. Their velocities cluster closely about a value of 230+/-6 km s^-1^ which we take as the heliocentric velocity of this galaxy. This velocity, when corrected to the galactic rest frame, indicates that Sextans makes a contribution comparable to those of other dSph galaxies, such as Sculptor and Orsa Minor, to calculations of the mass of the galaxy's halo. The spectra of the Sextans members also yield an estimate of the mean abundance of this galaxy: a value of [Fe/H] = - 1.7+/-0.25 dex is suggested from a comparison of the line strengths with those of globular cluster stars. This value is higher than that expected for Sextans from the absolute magnitude-abundance relation, followed by the other galactic dSph galaxies.

Pair production of a photon in the Coulomb field of an electron (often referred to as triplet pair production) despite the fact that it is a third-order QED process has a cross-section that exceeds the Compton cross-section for energies of collision equal to or greater than 250 m(e)c-squared. The present paper reexamines the problem of ultrarelativistic electrons entering a photon field by including triplet pair production as both an energy loss and reinjection mechanism for electrons. The steady state electron distribution and photon spectrum are calculated for monoenergetic and power-law electron injections, and a comparison is made with the results obtained in the pure Compton case, i.e., by ignoring triplet pair production.

The authors present a method for the calculation of the scattering of light by a periodic two-dimensional array of spherical particles adsorbed on a uniform dielectric slab. Multiple scattering of light between the particles of the overlayer and between the overlayer and the substrate is taken fully into account. The method is applied to light scattering from a square lattice of gold particles on a sapphire substrate for which experimental data are available. The agreement between theory and experiment is reasonably good.

Serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), β-chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG), pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (SP1), and β2-microglobulin (β2M) were taken in 92 patients with primary lung cancer and 43 controls. The mean value of sIL-2R in the cancer group was twice as high as that of the controls (P less than 0.001) and the highest values were observed in those with small cell carcinoma (SCC) (P less than 0.0001). Of the cancer patients, 51.1% had CEA values higher than the cutoff level of 5 ng/ml. Extended-disease patients had a higher percentage of increased CEA values than those with limited disease. Adenocarcinoma (ADCC) and SCC groups had the highest percentages of increased CEA levels. There was no significant difference between the groups for β-HCG, AFP, SP1, and β2M, and intermarker correlation was not seen. The results suggest that sIL-2R and CEA may be useful in monitoring the extent of disease and possibly indicate the histologic subtype, thus having a bearing on treatment and prognosis.

The authors present local-spin-density-functional calculations for the interaction energies of vacancies with 3d and 4sp impurities in Cu as well as with 4d and 5sp impurities in Ag. The calculations are based on the jellium model and first-order perturbation theory, thus enabling an interpretation of the interaction in purely electrostatic terms. The results are in agreement with those obtained by first-principles calculations and confirm the experimentally known trends.

▪ Objective: To evaluate the safety and immunologic and antiviral effects of combination therapy with zidovudine and dideoxycytidine (ddC) in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection. ▪ Design: A phase I/II open-label, dose-ranging study. ▪ Setting: Two AIDS Clinical Trials Group units. ▪ Patients: Patients (56) with advanced HIV disease. ▪ Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to one of three paired regimens of zidovudine and ddC. We evaluated six dosing regimens, each involving oral administration of the study drugs at 8-hour intervals. ▪ Measurements: Pharmacokinetics, toxicity, CD4 counts, p24 antigenemia and clinical end points. ▪ Main Results: The median follow-up period was 40.6 weeks (range, 0.3 to 70 weeks). Neither drug affected the pharmacokinetic profile of the other. Episodes of serious hematologic toxicity were infrequent, occurring in only 17.9% of patients, and did not differ among the regimens (P = 0.15). Severe sensory peripheral neuropathy occurred in two patients (one patient each in regimens 1 and 4). One patient receiving regimen 4 died. The mean maximal increase in CD4 counts exceeded 109 cells/mm3, and 69% of patients receiving combinations containing 300 or 600 mg of zidovudine daily had an increase in CD4 counts of 50 cells/mm3 or greater. Regimens containing 600 mg of zidovudine daily (regimens 2 and 5) were also more likely to result in persistent increases in CD4 counts above pretreatment values than were the two lowest dose regimens (P = 0.003). The decline in CD4 counts was more rapid, and the suppression of the p24 antigenemia was less rapid and less sustained in patients receiving the lowest zidovudine dose alone (regimen 6). The addition of ddC to regimen 6 (regimen 3) resulted in a slower decline in the CD4 counts (P = 0.06). ▪ Conclusions: Combination therapy with zidovudine and ddC at the doses tested was well tolerated and did not result in toxicity. A daily oral dose of 150 mg of zidovudine appeared to produce a suboptimal effect on p24 antigenemia and CD4 counts. Combination therapy with ddC and higher doses of zidovudine produced greater and more persistent effects in patients with advanced HIV infection compared with other study regimens and with the results of previous trials of zidovudine monotherapy.

The materials Gd0.5RE0.5 Ba2Cu3O7‐δ (Re = Y, Sm, Eu, and La) are investigated in the orthorhombic (HTC) and tetragonal (non‐HTC) phases using EPR method. For both phases EPR signals associated with Gd ions are detected. In the tetragonal phase a strong temperature dependence of the intensities of this line is observed. These characteristics can be ascribed to the skin effect. A small polaron model is proposed to interpret the conduction mechanism of the tetragonal phase (semiconducting) of these samples. Copyright © 1991 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

The solubility of cyclosporin A was determined in water and in Sorensen buffers at pH 1.2 and 6.6 at temperatures ranging from 5 to 37-degrees-C. No differences in solubility behaviour were observed among the three aqeous media. Solubility was found to be inversely proportional to the temperature in each medium, indicating that the heat of solution was exothermic in each case.

We apply the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green’s-function method and perform ab initio calculations based on local-density-functional theory for the vacancy-solute interaction energies in Cu, Ni, Ag, and Pd. In particular, we calculate the nearest-neighbor interaction of vacancies with 3d and 4sp impurities in Cu and Ni as well as with 4d and 5sp impurities in Ag and Pd. We also calculate the divacancy binding energies in these hosts. Further we demonstrate that the Hellmann-Feynman theorem with respect to the nuclear charge provides a useful tool to calculate and understand interaction energies. We discuss applications to jellium calculations for Cu and to the stability of larger agglomerates.

The tectonic structure and evolution of Kythira is in general similar to that of the Cyclades with a difference in the chronologic succession of the alpine and post alpine geodynaaic processes which have ended in the Cyclades in contrast to Kythira where they are still in evolution. A basic distinction has to be lade between the early phase of compressional tectonism which built up the alpine nappe pile and the late phase of extensional character which denudates the non metamorphic units froa the crests of the anticlinal domes of the underlying netanorphic units. During this late phase the decollement and sliding of the non metanorphic units along their contact with the underlying metamorphic units is dominant under the important effect of gravity, the normal faults being limited above the main overthrusts.

(1991). Γογγάκη, Κωνσταντίνα. Προσέγγιση των Πυθίων αγώνων δια της αγγελικής ρήσης στην Ηλέκτρα του Σοφοκλή. Λόγος και Πράξη, 45: 106-116.   Ο μονόλογος του Παιδαγωγού στον οποίο περιγράφει τον πλαστό θάνατο του Ορέστη στους Πυθικούς αγώνες, αποτελεί μια σημαντική, ίσως μεγαλειώδη στιγμή του αθλητισμού, καθώς ο τελευταίος διασώζεται στα έργα της ανθρώπινης δημιουργίας, και ειδικά στην αρχαία τραγωδία. Ο Σοφοκλής περιγράφει το φυσικό και ψυχικό κάλλος του Ορέστη, δημιουργώντας ένας ήρωα-πρότυπο της κλασικής εποχής που ο ίδιος έζησε. Ο ήρωας έχει όλα τα στοιχεία της αναπόδραστης μοίρας του ανθρώπου, καθώς οι θεοί αποφασίζουν γι’ αυτόν. Ο Ορέστης, τελικά, το θαυμαστό σώμα του οποίου διαμελίζεται στους ιππικούς αγώνες, δεν συνιστά έναν ηττημένο, αλλά η πτώση του έχει τα δεδομένα του ήρωα, καθώς μάχεται, άνισος προς τη μοίρα, μέχρι της τελικής πτώσεως. Στην περιγραφή ο Σοφοκλής μιμείται απολύτως την ανάλογη αρματηλατική τεχνική της ιπποδρομίας της Ιλιάδας του Ομήρου τον οποίο ο ίδιος τόσο θαύμαζε. Η ρήση του παιδαγωγού κατορθώνει να συναρπάσει με τις απαράμιλλες περιγραφές του αγώνα, αποτελώντας ένα άριστο δείγμα αφηγηματικού και δραματικού λόγου. Ξεπερνάει σαφώς τα όρια μιας τυπικής περιγραφής, καθώς τους τεχνικούς και τους αθλητικούς όρους τους ανάγει σε λόγο ποιητικό. Εξάλλου, η επιλογή του ηρωϊκού θανάτου του Ορέστη στους Πυθικούς αγώνες αποτελεί ένα εύρημα, το οποίο στα επιδέξια ποιητικά χέρια του Σοφοκλή, ανάγει τον αθλητισμό σε έργο τέχνης.     * Η δημοσίευση μετά από επεξεργασία συμπεριελήφθη στο βιβλίο της Κων/νας Γογγάκη (2003), Οι αντιλήψεις των αρχαίων Ελλήνων για τον αθλητισμό, Αθήνα: Τυπωθήτω- Γ. Δαρδανός, σσ. 101-124.

Το άρθρο αυτό αποτελεί μια ενημερωμένη βιβλιογραφικά και πιο εκτεταμένη μορφή της εισήγησης που παρουσιάσθηκε στο 14ο σεμινάριο της Πανελλήνιας Ένωσης Φιλολόγων το Μάιο του 1991. Το θέμα του σεμιναρίου ήταν «Η ξένη λογοτεχνία στη δευτεροβάθμια εκπαίδευση» και η εισήγηση αποσκοπούσε στην παρουσίαση ορισμένων συγγραφέων και τάσεων της μετά τον Δεύτερο Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο λογοτεχνικής παραγωγής της Γερμανίας. Ο απώτερος στόχος της ήταν να αποτελέσει πηγή ενημέρωσης και βοήθημα για τους καθηγητές που καλούνται να διδάξουν κείμενα της γερμανικής λογοτεχνίας στην δευτεροβάθμια εκπαίδευση. Παρουσιάζεται η πορεία της μεταπολεμικής γερμανικής λογοτεχνίας, με ξεχωριστή αναφορά στους συγγραφείς W. Borchert, G. Eich, P. Celan, I. Bachmann, H. M. Enzensberger, F. Dürrenmatt, M. Frisch και Chr. Wolf με παραδείγματα από τον λυρικό, τον δραματικό και τον πεζό λόγο. Ιδιαίτερη μνεία έγινε στη λογοτεχνική παραγωγή της Ανατολικής Γερμανίας. Έγινε προσπάθεια να συγκεντρωθεί και να παρατεθεί η υπάρχουσα σχετική βιβλιογραφία στην ελληνική γλώσσα (μεταφράσεις και μελέτες) και παρατέθηκε επιλεγμένη βιβλιογραφία στη γερμανική γλώσσα για τις ανάγκες των καθηγητών της Μέσης Εκπαίδευσης.

We have surveyed the cluster system of the SMC with the aim of identifying close pairs of clusters. We find that the number of existing close cluster pairs is significantly (at the 3.5 σ level) larger than the expected number of such pairs due to the chance line-up of single clusters, implying that some of these pairs are physically associated. Comparison with the LMC cluster system shows that the ratio of pairs is similar to the ratio of single clusters in the two galaxies. These results, combined with the earlier results for the LMC, indicate the tendency of clusters to form in pairs, or possibly in groups, at least in the case of irregular galaxies, the probability that the observed number of pairs having formed due to tidal capture being small.

A new catalogue of clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud has been constructed from searches of the IIIa-J component of the ESO/SERC Southern Sky Atlas. The catalogue contains coordinate and diameter measurements of 1762 clusters in a 25^deg^ x 25^deg^ area of sky centred on the LMC, but excluding the very crowded 3.5 deg^2^ region around the Bar. The distribution of there clusters appears as two superimposed elliptical systems. The higher density inner system extends over ~ 8^deg^; the lower density outer system can be represented by a 13^deg^ x 10^deg^ disc inclined at 42^deg^ to the line of sight. There are suggestions of two weak "arms" in the latter.

We present an efficient numerical method to calculate shape truncation functions for Wigner-Seitz atomic polyhedra in crystalline solids. We apply our method to the case of simple cubic (SC), face centered cubic (FCC) and body centered cubic (BCC) lattices. A straightforward comparison of our results and of those obtained by other numerical techniques with the exact ones, analytically known in some simple cases, shows the efficiency and high accuracy of our method.

Ras p21 and myc p62 expression has been examined immunohistochemically in seventy specimens of bronchial carcinomas. Both ras and myc oncoproteins were found to be overexpressed at a higher frequency in non small cell carcinomas (squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas) compared to the small cell carcinoma specimens; however only myc p62 overexpression was found to be statistically significant. Also, ras p21 oncoprotein expression was frequently overexpressed in adenocarcinomas compared to squamous cell carcinomas (p < 0.05). Overexpression of c-myc p62 was found to correlate with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas compared to the well and moderately differentiated tumors. The results of this study indicate that both the ras and myc oncogenes are important in the progression of bronchial carcinomas.

This study was undertaken to assess the value of intravesical interferon alfa-2b treatment in preventing the recurrences of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. A total of 30 patients aged from 33 to 78 entered the protocol. The intravesical instillations were performed once a week for 8 weeks. A solution of 10 x 106 IU interferon alfa-2b in 30 ml of normal saline was used. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 28 months. Of the 30 patients, 19 (63.33%) were tumor free at the end of follow-up. Of the remaining 11 patients, 7 presented with recurrent superficial tumors and 4 with invasive bladder tumors. No side effects were noted.

Extensive investigations on the anatomy of the two leaf types in a seasonally dimorphic subshrub revealed interesting variations between summer and winter leaves. Summer leaves of Sarcopoterium spinosum possess a thick epidermis composed of tannin-containing cells and large amounts of mucilage secreted through the inner periclinal walls towards the mesophyll. A thick cuticle is also present on the surface of the leaf. In winter leaves the epidermal cells produce no mucilage while phenolics are accumulated in granular form only. Besides these, some other variations between summer and winter leaves are also discussed in respect of the ability of the plant to withstand the unfavourable Mediterranean conditions. © 1990 Annals of Botany Company.

The effect of pregnancy on maternal serum total cortisol (MSFT) was studied systematically in the course of 90 normal pregnancies (n = 204). Moreover, the evaluation of MSFT determinations in abnormal pregnancies, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and obstetrical complications, premature rupture of the membranes (PROM), premature delivery (PD), and full term pregnancies with post maturity syndrome (PMS) were also investigated. MSFT was measured by an enzyme immunoassay. Gradual increase in MSFT was found from the 6th week of pregnancy to the 40th week of pregnancy and a sharp rise was noted during the last 2 weeks before the onset of labor (P < 0.002). In IUGR, MSFT was significantly lower (P < 0.001). In the cases of PROM and PD, MSFT was highly elevated (P < 0.0001), independently of the gestational age. In pregnancies with well documented PMS, MSFT was much lower than in normal full term pregnancies with even a downward trend in serial determinations (P < 0.0001). © 1990.

We descibe a patient with adult onset Still's disease (AOSD) who developed meningoencephalitis, sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy and uveitis during the course of disease. An abnormal cerebrospinal fluid and changes on nerve conduction studies substantiated the diagnoses of these unusual complications. The meningoencephalopathy improved before corticosteroid treatment, and the peripheral neuropathy and other features of AOSD have responded to corticosteroids. Our case illustrates the rare occurrence of both cental and peripheral neurological involvement in AOSD.

Wet precipitation-only samplers were used to collect wet deposition at two sites in the Athens basin, Greece for the period March 1986 - February 1987. Concentrations of major cations (H +, NH 4 +, Na +, K +, CA 2+) and major anions (Cl -, NO 3 - and SO 4 2-) were determined for the first time in rainwater samples in Greece. Bicarbonate concentrations were calculated. The relative importance of natural and anthropogenic sources were estimated by a chemical balance. The majority of rain collected has a neutral or alkaline character. Acidity was due to the presence of H 2SO 4 and HNO 3. The statistical analysis of the correlation between the concentration of chemical species confirm the influence of natural and anthropogenic sources. In all samples, SO 4 2- concentrations exceed NO 3 - concentrations exceed NO 3 - concentrations despite the dominance of low S oil burning in the region. The wet flux of S was calculated to be 0.34 g m -2 a -1.

High-energy neutrons produced as a consequence of proton acceleration in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can carry a substantial fraction of the initial luminosity outside of the central source. Part of this luminosity is expected to go into VHE and UHE γ-ray emission as a result of hadronic interactions of these relativistic particles with the accreting plasma. We find that the most efficient emitters will be AGNs with luminosities ~0.01 - 0-1 of the Eddington luminosity.

Seasonal dimorphism is considered from the anatomical viewpoint. Significant differences can be observed between winter and summer leaves obtained from the same individuals. Winter leaves are thick, amphistomatic with a large number of chloroplasts in the cells of the loose mesophyll. The thinner summer leaves are hairier and hypostomatic, with compact mesophyll and cells that accumulate phenolics and crystals. CbJoroplasts are fewer in number and less developed, and at the ultrastructural level they present pronounced differences from those of the winter leaves. © 1989 Annals of Botany Company.

Maternal serum total estrogens (O(T)) human placental lactogen (HPL), pregnancy specific β1-glycoprotein (SP1) and progesterone (P) were measured by enzymeimmunoassays (EIA) in pregnancies with placental insufficiency and low birthweight infants (LBWI). It was demonstrated that these cases could be classified into three groups: Group I: The low levels of placental hormones and O(T) were significantly correlated with each other (p < 0.05 - p < 0.001), as well as with the low birthweight (p < 0.001) in pregnancies with placental insufficiency and LBWI, in which a high percentage (50%) were small for gestational age (SGA). Group II: In cases of simple placental insufficiency, the low levels of placental hormones showed a significant correlation with each other (p < 0.05) whereas only the rather normal O(T) values were correlated with the birthweight of the infant (p < 0.02). Group III: IN pregnancies with SGA, but without apparent placental insufficiency the normal concentration of placental hormones showed a high correlation with each other (p < 0.001) while only the subnormal O(T) levels were correlated significantly with the low infant birthweight (p < 0.05). SP1 values showed abnormally steep increase in cases with perinatal asphyxia.

In 23 mechanically ventilated anuric (six) or oliguric (17) patients (< 16 ml/h of urine output) with severe gas exchange abnormality, we investigated the effect of furosemide on intrapulmonary shunt (Q̇S/Q̇T). Before and after 0.5, 1, and 2 h of IV administration of 200 mg of furosemide, we assessed the intrapulmonary shunt and PaO2 while patients' hemodynamic measurements were monitored. Ventilatory parameters remained constant throughout the study. While the urine output was minimal and no alteration in hemodynamic values was found, the Q̇S/Q̇T decreased from 27.7 ± 2.3 percent (mean ± SEM) at control to 24.3 ± 2.1 percent (p < 0.01) at 0.5 h, 21.7 ± 2.1 percent (P < 0.001) at 1 h, and 18.1 ± 1.8 percent (p < 0.001) at 2 h. The PaO2 showed no significant difference at 0.5 h but rose significantly from 96 ± 14 to 105 ± 14 mm Hg (p < 0.05) and 111 ± 14 mm Hg (p < 0.01) at 1 and 2 h, respectively. Since we observed no changes in hemodynamics, we speculate a direct effect of furosemide in the pulmonary vasculature affecting the ventilation-perfusion mismatch and, therefore, the Q̇S/Q̇T and PaO2.

We present ab initio calculations for dilute Fe alloys with 3d and 4d elements. The calculations are based on local-density approximation of density-functional theory and employ the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green’s-function method. Results are given for the densities of states, the local moments, and the magnetization oscillations around the impurities. A detailed comparison is made with measurements of the electronic specific heat, with neutron-scattering results for the moments of the impurity and the neighboring host atoms, and with magnetization measurements. Contrary to the case of Co and Ni alloys, the majority-spin band contributes most to the screening in the Fe alloys. This arises from the fact that the Fermi energy falls into the minimum of the minority-spin density of states. The results are in qualitative agreement with a proposed pseudogap theory and naturally explain why Fe alloys show such a complicated magnetic behavior.

A recently proposed acceleration mechanism for ultra relativistic particles in the central engines of AGN's suggests that protons are the particles which are accelerated initially, and that these subsequently inject the electrons and positrons supposed responsible for the continuum emission. This model necessarily leads to the prediction of a strong flux of neutrons (with a luminosity at least as great as that in the photon continuum) from the central engine. We investigate some of the consequences of such a model. In particular, the neutron flux will, by means of spallation reactions, produce amounts of boron in the surrounding material which it may be possible to observe in the optical spectrum. In addition, the central engine will act as a source of high energy gamma-rays. Those which can propagate to the Earth (i.e., those with energy < 10^14^ eV) may be observed directly, whereas those of higher energy will be absorbed by radio photons from either the microwave background or the AGN itself. If this occurs in a typical interstellar magnetic field, the energy of the gamma-rays will be reradiated in the form of X-rays.

A case of pure rhabdomyosarcoma of the testis is reported. The origin of these tumors is discussed and it is believed that they are teratomas with rhabdomyoblastic overgrowth of the cells. Prophylactic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is recommended at the time of the orchiectomy, in those cases where there is no evidence of lymph node metastases.

An unusual presentation of a renal pelvis squamous cell carcinoma is reported; a loin sinus with excessive pyorrhea was the only complaint of a man with a long history of renal calculus disease.

An area of 48.5 square degrees covering the north-east and south-west outer regions of the Small Magellanic Cloud is studied with the use of the UK-Schmidt Telescope plates (taken from B_J_ and R filters). The plates were measured with the COSMOS microdensitometer and calibrated with a number of charge-coupled devices to observe sequences in the region. The resulting data set will be used for a detailed study of stellar populations and the geometry of the Small Magellanic Cloud outer regions. In this paper the production of the data set and an assessment of its accuracy are presented.

The three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the old disc and halo populations in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) outlying (projected distances from the optical centre larger than 2kpc) north-eastern and south-western regions is presented. The magnitudes of the Horizontal Branch (HB)/clump stars in these regions are used as distance indicators. It is shown that in the north-eastern regions there is a significant line-of-sight depth of 17kpc on average, reaching a maximum value of 23kpc. These regions are ~10kpc deeper than the south-western regions. This result is attributed to the disruptive effect of the tidal field of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) on the SMC. The possibility of the existence of two separate entities along the line-of-sight is examined.

The observed X-ray spectra reported by the GINGA and MIR-HEXE satellite experiments contain information on the metallicity of the Supernova's expanding envelope. Using a Monte Carlo code to simulate the Compton degradation of the ^56^Co -produced γ-rays, we calculate the emerging X-ray spectrum for various metallicities. The observed spectra are compatible with a low (less than solar) metal abundance, while an additional soft component, independent of the ^56^Co source is probably required in order to account for the data. The evolution of the spectral hardness is used as a sensitive indicator of the nature of the soft component, and of the possible contribution of an imbedded pulsar to the X-ray spectrum.

Συμφώνως πρὸς τὴν θεωρία τῆς ἄνισης ἀνταλλαγῆς, ἐνετοπίσθησαν ποιές ἦσαν οἱ σύμφυτες τάσεις στὶς σχέσεις παραγωγῆς, οἱ ὁποῖες ἐκυριαρχοῦσαν στὶς Μητροπόλεις καὶ οἱ ὁποῖες τὶς ὠθοῦσαν σὲ σύναψη σχέσεων μὲ τὶς περιφερειακὲς χῶρες. Βασισμένοι σὲ μεγέθη, ὅπως ἡ Ὀργανικὴ Σύνθεσις τοῦ Κεφαλαίου στὴν "Μητρόπολη" καὶ στὴν "Περιφέρεια" καὶ ὁ διεθνὴς καταμερισμὸς τῆς ἐργασίας, προσεπαθήσαμε νὰ δημιουργήσομε τὸ θεωρητικὸ σύστημα ἀναφορᾶς γιὰ τὴν μέτρηση τοῦ Γεωγραφικοῦ Χρόνου στὸ ∆ίπολο καὶ σὲ καθένα ἀπὸ τὰ σκέλη τοῦ ξεχωριστά.

We have surveyed the LMC cluster system and have identified 69 double clusters with a centre-to-centre separation of less than ~1.3 arcmin (~18 pc). We infer that a considerable fraction of these double clusters must be binaries since the calculated projection effects can account for only 31 of them. This inference is strongly supported by the fact that the ages available for some of the clusters of our sample (as determined from UBV photometry) are less than the computed times of merger or disruption of the binary cluster system. Furthermore, the space distribution of these pairs indicates that these clusters belong to a very young or young population.

We report on Monte-Carlo calculations of the emergence of X- and γ-rays from the envelope of the supernova 1987A. Assuming that there exists an X-ray emitting pulsar at the centre, we discuss the possibilities of observing its radiation and find that if the pulsar is about as luminous as the present-day Crab, it may be possible to detect the breakout at ~ 20 months. The pulsar should emerge first in the 6-16 keV band covered by GINGA. About six months later it would appear in the 20-45 keV band of MIR-HEXE. Because the optical depth of the envelope at breakout is still substantial (~4), we do not expect pulses to be detected straightaway. Our conclusions are based on a simple homogeneous model for the envelope and do not depend on whether or not ^56^Co is mixed into the outer layers. The time at which a pulsar of higher luminosity would emerge can be obtained from a simple scaling of our results.

Στο μονόπρακτο του Άρθουρ Σνίτσλερ Ο πράσινος παπαγάλος [Der grüne Kakadu] κυριαρχεί ο προβληματισμός γύρω από την ουσία της πραγματικότητας. Γάλλοι αριστοκράτες επισκέπτονται την παραμονή της Γαλλικής Επανάστασης ένα ιδιόρρυθμο θέατρο-καπηλειό του Παρισιού, όπου οι θαμώνες είναι ηθοποιοί που παριστάνουν κακοποιούς και απατεώνες. Η ευχάριστη διέγερση των νεύρων που προσφέρουν στους αριστοκράτες οι επινοημένες αφηγήσεις των ηθοποιών έρχεται σε αντίθεση με αυτό που πραγματικά συμβαίνει και που οι αριστοκράτες αποφεύγουν να συνειδητοποιήσουν: τη στιγμή που εκείνοι απολαμβάνουν την ψευδαίσθηση της απειλής και του κινδύνου, ξεσπάει έξω, στους δρόμους του Παρισιού, η Επανάσταση. Το βασικό θέμα του έργου είναι αντιπροσωπευτικό της εποχής που γράφτηκε, δηλαδή του Fin-de-siècle, της Βιεννέζικης Νεωτερικότητας αφού ο Σνίτσλερ εστιάζει στα παρακμιακά στοιχεία και στο θέμα της αποσύνθεσης της πραγματικότητας. Ακόμα και ο χαρακτηρισμός «γκροτέσκο» που χρησιμοποιεί ο συγγραφέας για το έργο δεν δικαιολογείται με αυστηρά λογοτεχνικά κριτήρια, αλλά σκοπό έχει να τονίσει την ιδιομορφία των συμβάντων στον Παπαγάλο και να σχολιάσει τη στάση του κοινού που τα υπαγορεύει και τα προκαλεί.Arthur Schnitzlers Einakter "Der grüne Kakadu" (1898), vom Autor als Groteske bezeichnet, variiert das bei Schnitzler beliebte Thema des Verhältnisses zwischen Illusion und Realität. Im historischen Kostüm gekleidet - Französiche Aristokraten geben sich am Vorabend der Revolution in einer kabarettartigen Spelunke dem Spiel mit der Illusion hin, ohne die nahende Katastrophe wahrzunehmen - lassen sich die Figuren des Stücks nach dem Grad ihres Wirklichkeitsverhältnisses charakterisieren. Schon die Wahl des historischen Moments impliziert eine kritische Haltung gegenüber einer realitätsabblendenden Attitüde, die letztendlich auf Schitzlers Zeit und Gesellschaft hinweist.

Self-consistent, first-principles calculations are presented for the electronic structure of some point defects in the binary alloys CoAl and CoGa. All possible structural defects-i.e., antistructure atoms and vacancies-as well as 3d transition-metal impurities on both sublattices are considered. The calculations are based on the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green's-function method and on density-functional theory in the local-spin-density approximation. The calculated densities of states, charge transfers, and magnetic moments are discussed and compared with the results of other theoretical calculations and the available experimental data.

We report about self-consistent calculations for dilute Ni alloys, which are based on density-functional theory and the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green's-function method. In particular, we calculate the charge and magnetization perturbations for four shells of atoms around the impurity. Impurities of the 3d, 4d, and 4sp series are considered. Of central interest is the transition from strong to weak ferromagnetism and the different screening mechanism in these alloys. We compare our results for the perturbations of the local moments as well as the change of the total moment with magnetization and neutron scattering data.

A detailed model for positron production by a young pulsar is presented. It is shown that electromagnetic cascades can develop in a young pulsar's magnetosphere, and the model results are applied to the pulsar which is hypothesized to lie near the Galactic center. It is found that such a pulsar would be expected to produce relatively low energy electron-positron pairs with an efficiency rating high enough to explain the observed luminosity of the Galactic center annihilation line. Virtually all of the gamma ray continuum radiation produced in the cascades would be beamed along the magnetic poles of the neutron star, and therefore probably would not be observed from earth. Some observational predictions generated by the proposed model for the Galactic center positron source are given.

We consider the electronic structure of dilute Pd and discuss reasons for the disagreement between experiment and theory, especially concerning the Pd density of states. The intensity of the low energy Pd peak, obtained in previous calculations, is very sensitive to charge transfer, lattice relaxation and relativistic effects. Realistic ab-initio calculations, which take these effects properly into account, practically remove the intensity of the low energy Pd peak and are in much better agreement with experiments than previous single site and KKR-CPA results.

High-energy (70 MeV < E < 5 GeV) gamma-ray observations of Cyg X-3 by the ESA satellite COS-B and hard X-ray (14 keV < E < 140 keV) observations by the Leiden-MIT balloon experiment, Leimit, are presented. A comparison with, and a study of earlier results over the 14 decades in energy from 1 keV up to ≡1017eV indicates that the strong variability of Cyg X-3 over more than one order of magnitude at energies below 20 keV does not exhibit itself in the data collected at hard X-ray energies, and the power emitted per decade of energy reaches a minimum in the MeV-GeV region. If the primary gamma-rays up to 1015eV originate close to the central source, absorption by the keV X-rays in the Cyg X-3 binary system could explain the latter phenomenon.

An investigation of the star clusters in the outermost areas of the LMC has started in order to examine the observed dynamical properties of the halo globular clusters in this galaxy. A first sample of 38 clusters have been measured by means of star counts on plates taken with the 1.2 m U.K. Schmidt telescope. The derived tidal radii and masses are comparable to those found for the disk young clusters of the LMC and those of the galactic globulars.

Anomocytic stomatal complexes observed with light and scanning electron microscopes on the primary roots of Ceratonia siliqua (carob tree) are described. Stomata are randomly distributed throughout the surface of the root zones which possess mature vascular tissues, i.e. from the zone of root hairs to the transition zone. Stomatal orientation does not follow that of the root epidermal cells whilst their distribution does not seem to form a regular pattern. © 1987 Annals of Botany Company.

We develop a formalism to take into account the lattice relaxation around an impurity within the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green's-function method. Using this formalism and the density-functional theory in the local spin-density approximation we perform first-principles, self-consistent calculations for the electronic structure of some dilute metallic alloys. In particular, we investigate the influence of lattice relaxations on the local magnetic moments in CuMn, CuFe, CuCo, and NiMn.

Ὁ Alain Lipietz, στὸ βιβλίο του Le capital et son espace, καὶ συγκεκριμένως στὴν 10ην σελίδα τῶν Avertissent του, θέτει τὸ ἐρώτημα: «Πότε λοιπὸν οἱ Μαρξιστὲς προβληματίσθησαν μὲ τὸν χῶρο;». Εἶναι ἕνα ἐρώτημα σοβαρὸ ποὺ δέχεται μιὰν ἁπλῆ ἀπάντηση· ὁ Lipietz τὴν δίδει: «Ὅταν οἱ σχέσεις ἀνάμεσα σ’ ἐκμεταλλευτὲς κ’ ἐκμεταλλευομένους ἐπῆραν τὴν χωρική τους διάσταση —ὅταν— ἡ ἀντίστασις τῶν ἐκμεταλλευομένων ποὺ ἠρνοῦντο νὰ τοὺς μεταχειρίζονται σὰν πιόνια ποὺ τὰ μετακινοῦν, σὰν εὐκολομεταχείριστο ἐργατικὸ δυναμικό, σὰν μεταβλητὸ καὶ... κινητὸ κεφάλαιο, ἐδημιούργησε νέα πεδία πάλης καὶ τοὺς ἀναλόγους θεωρητικοὺς προβληματισμούς». Μέσα στὴν προσπάθεια τῶν Γεωγράφων νὰ δώσουν ἀπαντήσεις στὸν ἀντίστοιχο θεωρητικὸ προβληματισμὸ καὶ ἰδιαιτέρως στὴν δημιουργία μιᾶς μεθοδολογίας ἀναλύσεως τοῦ Οἰκονομικοῦ Χώρου, ἐντάσσεται καὶ ἡ ἀναδομὴ στὸ μαρξιστικὸ ἔργο καὶ συγκεκριμένως στὴν Γερμανικὴ Ἰδεολογία (1846). Ἡ προσπάθεια ποὺ ἔγινε, στόχο ἔχει ν’ ἀποτελέσει τὴν ἀπαρχὴ μιᾶς ὡλοκληρωμένης μελέτης ἐπάνω στὸ Κεφάλαιο (1861-1875), τὶς θεωρίες γιὰ τὴν Ὑπεραξία καὶ τὴν Γερμανικὴ Ἰδεολογία σὲ συνάρτηση μὲ τὸ μέγεθος τοῦ Οἰκονομικοῦ Χώρου. Τὸ ζητούμενο σ’ αὐτὴν τὴν περίπτωση εἶναι νὰ ἀποδειχθεῖ ὅτι ἡ μαρξιστικὴ σκέψις ὡριοθέτησε τὸν Οἰκονομικὸ Χῶρο ποιοτικῶς καὶ ποσοτικῶς, ἔδωσε τὰ δομικά του χαρακτηριστικά, ἐνετόπισε τὴν θέση του στὴν Ἱστορία καὶ τὸν ρόλο του στὴν δημιουργία της. Ὑποστηρίζομε λοιπὸν ὅτι ὁ Οἰκονομικὸς Χῶρος στὸν Μὰρξ εἶναι συντελεστὴς καθοριστικὸς «παραγωγῆς» τῆς Ἱστορίας. Ἄρα ἔχει ἱστορικὴ διάσταση καὶ ὡς ἐκ τούτου «παράγει» χρόνο. Τὸν χρόνο αὐτὸν τὸν ὠνομάσαμε Γεωγραφικὸ Χρόνο καὶ τὸν θεωροῦμε ὡς ἕνα ἀπὸ τὰ βασικὰ χαρακτηριστικὰ τοῦ Οἰκονομικοῦ Χώρου. Ἡ ἐξέτασις ποὺ γίνεται εἰς αὐτὴν τὴν δημοσίευση εἶναι διττή. Ὁ Οἰκονομικὸς Χῶρος καὶ ὁ Γεωγραφικὸς Χρόνος ἐξετάζονται παραλλήλως γιὰ νὰ κατορθώσομε νὰ δείξομε τὴν σχέση ποὺ τοὺς συνδέει καὶ τὴν ἀμφίδρομο διάδραση ποὺ λειτουργεῖ ἀνάμεσά τους μὲ ἀποτέλεσμα τὴν συνεχῆ ἐξέλιξη καὶ τῶν δύο ὀντοτήτων μέσα στὸ σῶμα τῆς ἱστορίας. Ἡ τοποθέτησις τοῦ Οἰκονομικοῦ Χώρου ἐντοπίζεται στὴν μαρξιστικὴ σκέψη στὸ ἐπίπεδο τῆς «ὑποδομῆς» καὶ στὴν ἀνάλυση ποὺ θὰ ἀκολουθήσει θὰ εἶναι διαρ κῶς ἐμφανὴς ἡ προσπάθεια τοῦ ξεκαθαρίσματος τοῦ ρόλου τοῦ Οἰκονομικοῦ Χώρου στὸ δίπολο «βάσεως-ἐποικοδομήματος» ἢ ἀλλοιῶς «ὑποδομῆς καὶ ὑπερδομῆς». Κάθε συνιστῶσα ἢ δύναμις ποὺ παρεμβαίνει στὴν δημιουργία Οἰκονομικοῦ Χώρου ἐντοπίζεται κ’ ἐξετάζεται στὴν σχέση της μὲ τὴν παραγωγὴ τοῦ Γεωγραφικοῦ Χρόνου ἢ στὸν πιθανὸ ἐπηρεασμό της ἀπὸ αὐτόν. Ἀκόμη προσπάθεια γίνεται νὰ ἐρευνηθοῦν οἱ σχέσεις τοῦ Γεωγραφικοῦ Χρόνου μὲ τὸν Ἱστορικὸ Χρόνο καὶ ἡ λειτουργία τους μέσα στὸ δίπολο βάσεως-ἐποικοδομήματος.

We report on self-consistent ab-initio calculations for the electronic structure of intrinsic defects in CoAl, i.e. antistructure (AS) Co atoms and vacancies on the Co sublattice. The calculations are based on the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) Green's function method and employ the local spin density approximation of the density functional theory. The results for the densities of states, the charge transfers and the local moments are discussed and compared with the available experimental data.

The electronic structure of a simple model for (La, Ce, Th, U)Be13 compounds is determined self-consistently within the density functional theory. The rare earth or actinide atom is considered as a spherically symmetric impurity embedded in a jellium. The width and position of f-localised states result naturally from the scattering of conduction electrons by the impurity potential. The results of the author's calculation for electronic specific heat, position and width of f-resonant states are compared with available theoretical results and experimental data.

The fully differential cross section for photon-electron pair production is integrated numerically over phase space. Results are obtained for the astrophysically interesting case in which the interaction between an ultrarelativistic electron and a soft photon results in electron-positron pair production. The positron spectrum is a function of the energies of both the photon and the electron, as well as the angle of interaction. It is found that the energy at which the positron distribution peaks is inversely proportional to the photon energy and independent of the electron energy. The positron spectrum is integrated once more over initial electron energies for a power-law energy distribution of primary electrons. The same procedure is repeated for the recoil particle; it is shown that the peak of the recoil energy distribution depends linearly on the energy of the primary electron. Finally, semianalytical expressions are obtained for the energy losses of the primary electrons.

A mechanism for producing the high energy γ-ray spectrum of X-ray binaries exhibiting ultra-high-energy activity is proposed. γ-rays can result from decay of π0 produced in collisions of energetic protons with the keV ambient photons. Consequently, the X-ray photons modify the produced primary spectrum by selectively absorbing the lower energy part of it. As a result of this differential absorption these systems should exhibit a power law spectrum of index 1.5 - 2.0. Moreover, these systems should have a high electron-positron pair number density that will lead to 511 keV annihilation line emission.

The general formalism describing the electronic structure of dilute impurities in ordered compounds within the linear-muffin-tin-orbital approximation is presented. It is derived by considering the proper limit in the Green-function theory within the multiple-scattering formalism. The method thus obtained retains the advantages of the Green-function method for ab initio self-consistent calculations, but with reduced numerical efforts. We discuss in great detail several important aspects of its practical application towards point defects in cubic ordered metallic compounds; the part played by Friedel's screening rule, the calculation of the charge perturbations induced in the host, and the use of the complex-plane integration method are especially stressed.

Ab initio self-consistent electronic-structure calculations of vacancies in ordered stoichiometric FeAl within the linear-muffin-tin-orbital atomic-sphere-approximation method are presented. The potential and local densities of states on the defect and the charge perturbations on its neighboring sites in the matrix are calculated and discussed in relation with numerous experimental results concerning the effect of small departures from stoichiometry for this ordered compound.

A case of a patient presenting with the symptoms of lifelong xerostomia is discussed. Clinical investigation demonstrated aplasia of all the major salivary glands, lacrimal gland hypoplasia and enamel hypoplasia. The management and aetiology of the case is discussed.

Στα πλαίσια του αφιερώματος του λογοτεχνικού περιοδικού «Διαβάζω» στον Γιόχαν Βόλφγκαγκ φον Γκαίτε γίνεται με το άρθρο αυτό αναφορά στη σχέση του Γκαίτε με την αρχαία ελληνική λογοτεχνία και σύγκριση της «Ιφιγένειας εν Ταύροις» του Γκαίτε με το έργο του Ευριπίδη.  Παρουσιάζεται η εξιδανικευμένη άποψη  του κλασικισμού για την ελληνική αρχαιότητα και σχολιάζεται η αναθεώρηση της άποψης αυτής στον ύστερο κλασικισμό.

The polymorphism of the third component of the human complement (C3) was investigated in a sample of 1,055 unrelated healthy individuals from nine different areas of Greece. The estimated gene frequencies were: C3S = 0.786 and C3F = 0.211. Three individuals were found to have rare variant C3 types. The allele frequencies resemble those reported for other Caucasian populations. © 1985 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Ab initio self-consistent calculations are presented of the electronic structure of sp and 3d impurities in simple and ferromagnetic alloys. The calculations have been performed according to the LMTO-ASA method, fully taking into account the band structure of the host.The density functional theory has been used in the local spin-density approximation; the impurity potential is assumed to be of the muffin-tin form and lattice relaxation effects are neglected. Friedel's sum rule is always satisfied during the calculation. Charge and spin-density perturbation induced in the matrix are computed up to the fourth-nearest neighbour shell.The present theoretical results obtained for local moment, hyperfine field on the impurity, change in the saturation magnetization and magnetic perturbation effects induced by the impurity on the neighbouring atoms are in good agreement with the available experimental data.

Τὸ πρόβλημα ποὺ καλούμεθα νὰ ἐξετάσομε, συνίσταται στὴν προσπάθεια δημιουργίας μιᾶς μεθοδολογίας γεωγραφικῆς ἀναλύσεως, ποὺ στόχο της ἔχει τὴν ποιοτικὴ καὶ ποσοτικὴ παρουσίαση καὶ ἀξιολόγηση τῆς ἀναπτυξιακῆς σημασίας τῶν ρευμάτων μεταφορῶν ἐμπορευμάτων στὸν χῶρο. Ἐπίσης τίθεται τὸ πρόβλημα ἀνεπαρκείας πληροφορίας (ποιοτικῆς καὶ ποσοτικῆς) γιὰ τὸν προσδιορισμὸ τῶν ρευμάτων μεταφορῶν καὶ προτείνονται μέτρα καὶ μέθοδοι γιὰ τὴν ἀντιμετώπισή του. Ἡ ἐργασία ἐξετάζει ἀκόμη τὸ πρόβλημα τῆς ρευστότητος στὸν προσδιορισμὸ τῶν γεωγραφικῶν ὁρίων τῶν περιοχῶν, λειτουργιῶν ποὺ προκύπτουν ἀπὸ τὴν περιφερειακὴ ὀργάνωση τοῦ χώρου κάτω ἀπὸ τὴν μεταμαρξιανὴ ὀπτικὴ γωνία τῆς σύγχρονης Γεωγραφίας.

The distribution of phenotypes and gene frequencies of the third component of complement (C3), group-specific component (Gc), haptoglobin (Hp) and transferrin (Tf) were studied in 115 patients with carcinoma of the prostate. The statistical analysis of our findings in comparison to the frequency of these genes in a control group of 155 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia does not reveal any correlation between the distribution of the Hp and Tf phenotypes and the disease. On the contrary, a statistically significant association was found between carcinoma of prostate and C3(F) and Gc2 genes. The relative risk incidence of this malignancy is 1.56 and 1.81, respectively, for the carriers of these genes suffering from benign prostate hyperplasia.

The distribution of phenotypes and gene frequencies of the 3rd component of complement (C3), group-specific component (G(c)), haptoglobin (Hp) and transferrin (T(f)) were studied in 50 patients with renal adenocarcinoma. The statistical analysis of our findings in comparison to the frequency of these genes in the general population does not reveal any correlation between the distribution of the Hp and Tf phenotypes and the disease. On the contrary, a statistically significant association was found between renal adenocarcinoma and C3(F) and Gc 2 genes. The relative risk incidence of this malignancy is 2.07 and 1.94 respectively for the carriers of these genes. These data indicate that genetic factors, possibly related to the immune mechanisms and calcium metabolism, play a role in the pathogenesis of renal adenocarcinoma.

Cambial activity of post fire resprouted stems of Quercus coccifera and Olea europaea ssp. oleaster is demonstrated.-from Authors

Cambial activity of post fire resprouted stems of Quercus coccifera and Olea europaea ssp. oleaster is demonstrated.-from Authors

La région thessalienne, dans cette étude, devient la matière première d’une expérience: celle de la création d’une méthodologie en ce qui concerne l’analyse géographique de réseaux de transports (terrestres et maritimes) des marchandises sous un angle qualitatif et quantitatif. La superficie de la région occupée le 1/10e de la superficie totale de la Grèce, dont le secteur primaire occupe 40% de son activité économique; ceci nous fait comprendre l’importance de la participation de la région thessalienne à la formation du P.N.B. du pays. Il faut bien souligner aussi que le caractère géomorphologique et climatique de cette région crée une différenciation économique très frappante entre la partie occidentale et la partie orientale de la région. La partie orientale, une plaine vaste et fertile, se trouve au milieu de la Grèce, site privilégie qui doit ses avantages à l’existence de l’axe principal routier et ferroviaire de la Grèce, qui relie Athènes à Salonique. La partie occidentale se caractérise au point de vue géomorphologique par les grands massifs montagneux qui sont essentiellement les causes de son sous-développement économique (avec toutes les conséquences socioculturelles qui l’accompagnent). Cette partie est éloignée des grands axes routiers et des accès maritimes (portuaires), fait qui intensifie l’attardement économique. La plupart des sous-régions administratives (éparchies) de cette partie, sont caractérisées dans cette étude ‘en difficulté’ et d’un caractère en majorité agricole (élevage, bois) sous-développée. Le manque d’infrastructure en matière de transports, et la mise en valeur de certaines liaisons routières et maritimes avec l’Europe du nord, dont la possibilité de création se présente dans cette étude, accompagne d’une incapacité au point de vue aménagement du territoire dont fait preuve le Ministère de la Coordination, nous ont poussé à l’effort de la création d’une méthodologie d’analyse qui sera capable de mettre en relief de façon qualitative et quantitative les caractéristiques et les paramètres des flux des transports de marchandises, flux qui se créent d’après les fonctions économico-sociales de l’espace géographique donne.

The distribution of phenotypes and gene frequencies of the C3 component of complement, group-specific component, transferrin and haptoglobin were studied in 155 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. A statistical analysis of the findings in comparison with the frequency of these genes in the general population failed to demonstrate any correlation between phenotype distribution and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The distribution of the phenotypes and the gene frequency of the 3rd fraction of complement (C3), the specific group (Gc), haptoglobin (Hp) and transferrin were studied in 133 patients with transitional cell cancer of the bladder (papillary cancer). Statistical analysis of these results, in comparison with the frequency of these genes in the general population, was unable to demonstrate a correlation between the distribution of these phenotypes and papillary cancer.

We present the results of the calculation of the electronic structure of impurities (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu) diluted in ferromagnetic iron obtained by the method of linear combination of «muffin-tin» orbitals in the atomic sphere approximation (LMTO-ASA). The local moments and the hyperfine fields on the impurity and the electronic specific heat coefficient charges are compared with the experimental data.