Publications

The chapter starts by explaining the difference between Pragmatics and Semantics and their complementary roles within the study of meaning in language, explaining the role of context in the determination of utterance meaning. It introduces the basic concepts and research areas of Pragmatics with sections on deixis, presupposition, speech acts and conversational implicatures.  These are followed by questions and exercises as well as suggestions for further reading.

The chapter starts by explaining the difference between Pragmatics and Semantics and their complementary roles within the study of meaning in language, explaining the role of context in the determination of utterance meaning. It introduces the basic concepts and research areas of Pragmatics with sections on deixis, presupposition, speech acts and conversational implicatures. These are followed by questions and exercises as well as suggestions for further reading.

Το βιβλίο αυτό παρουσιάζει την ιστορία της μαθηματικής δυναμικής των πληθυσμών -ένα θεωρητικό πεδίο που συνδέεται στενά με τη γενετική, την οικολογία, την επιδημιολογία και τη δημογραφία- στο οποίο τα μαθηματικά έχουν συμβάλει σημαντικά. Εξετάζει την εμφάνιση σημαντικών θεμάτων: της εκθετικής ανάπτυξης -από τον Όιλερ και τον  Μάλθους μέχρι την πολιτική ενός παιδιού της Κίνας-, της ανάπτυξης στοχαστικών μοντέλων -από τους νόμους του Μέντελ και το πρόβλημα της εξάλειψης των επωνύμων μέχρι τη θεωρία της διήθησης για την εξάπλωση των επιδημιών-, και τους χαοτικούς πληθυσμούς, όπου ο ντετερμινισμός και η τυχαιότητα διαπλέκονται.

Η παρούσα εισήγηση επικεντρώνεται στο επίκαιρο βιοηθικό θέμα της εφαρμογής της παρεμβατικής μεθόδου CRISPR/Cas9 στο ανθρώπινο γονιδίωμα, το οποίο απασχολεί έντονα τη βιοϊατρική και την χριστιανική ηθική. Η νέα μέθοδος επαγγέλλεται τη θεραπεία σε σημαντικές κληρονομικές ασθένειες και παθήσεις του ανθρώπου, ωστόσο εγείρονται σοβαρά βιοηθικά διλήμματα, τα οποία συνδέονται με τη γενετική επεξεργασία του ανθρώπινου γονιδιώματος (genome editing) και τον κίνδυνο της ευγονικής (eugenics). Η εφαρμογή της μεθόδου σχετίζεται με τα βασικά ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα της προστασίας, της αξιοπρέπειας και της ταυτότητας κάθε ανθρωπίνου όντος, την εγγύηση του σεβασμού της ακεραιότητας και των λοιπών δικαιωμάτων και θεμελιωδών ελευθεριών, αλλά και με την ισότιμη συμμετοχή στο κοινωνικό αγαθό της υγείας και της συνεπαγόμενης θεραπείας του ασθενούς.

The Pomegranate: the magazine for children (To Rodi: to periodiko gia paidia) is a milestone in the history of Greek magazines for children and adolescents. Surprisingly, to date only two studies have been devoted to this issue. Therefore, the present article aims to present a detailed analysis of the first edition of this magazine (1977-1982) and to offer a critical approach and interpretation of its beneficial effect and its large impact on children and adolescents. More specifically, the present article focuses on the magazine’s main features, contributors, readers, and material. The magazin’s columns were systematically designed to create opportunities for acquiring knowledge and skills as well as for creativity, communication and interaction with peers, and entertainment. Many recognized and young writers and illustrators as well as remarkable literary works and works of art came to the fore. The magazine undoubtedly promoted children’s and adolescents’ cognitive, moral, socioemotional, and psychosexual development. To Rodi has left an indelible mark on its readers and is undoubtedly part of the historical line and the genealogy of Greek quality magazines for children and adolescents.

Αφιερωμένο στην ιστορική και πολιτιστική κληρονομιά της Λήμνου, το βιβλίο προσφέρει μια νέα, έγκυρη, ευσύνοπτη και προσιτή στον αναγνώστη ιστορία του μοναδικού αυτού ελληνικού νησιού στο Βορειοανατολικό Αιγαίο. Με βάση ιστορικές και μυθογραφικές πηγές, αρχαιολογικά ευρήματα, σημαντικά κατάλοιπα της αρχαίας ελληνικής, μεσαιωνικής, και νεότερης τέχνης, διηγήσεις και χρονικά, γκραβούρες, σχέδια, φωτογραφίες και άλλο αρχειακό υλικό, ο συγγραφέας σκιαγραφεί σε 250 σελίδες και με τη βοήθεια 200 περίπου εικόνων, την ιστορία της Λήμνου από τα βάθη της αιγιακής προϊστορίας έως τις μέρες μας. Στο Χρονικό της Λήμνου, η μακραίωνη ιστορία ενός σχετικά άγνωστου και κάπως αγνοημένου μέχρι πρόσφατα νησιού του Αιγαίου μετατρέπεται σε συναρπαστικό αφήγημα, ένα πραγματικό χρονικό για τον τόπο και τους ανθρώπους του. Στις σελίδες του, οι αναγνώστες θα βρουν σημαντικές πληροφορίες για την κοινωνία, την οικονομία, την πολιτική ζωή, την τέχνη και την πνευματική δημιουργία του νησιού διαχρονικά, από τις πρώτες νομαδικές εγκαταστάσεις κατά την ύστερη Παλαιολιθική περίοδο (περ. 10.500 π.Χ.), μέχρι σήμερα: με εκτενείς αναφορές στις προϊστορικές πόλεις της Πολιόχνης και της Μύρινας, στο σημαντικό Κουκονήσι, την Ηφαιστία και το Καβείριο κατά την Αρχαϊκή και την Κλασική περίοδο (7ος-4ος αι. π.Χ.), τη Λήμνο των ελληνιστικών και ρωμαϊκών χρόνων, τη Λήμνο ως Βυζαντινή, Βενετική, και Οθωμανική κτήση, αλλά και τις περιπέτειες του νησιού και των κατοίκων του από την απελευθέρωση του 1912-13 και μετά. Αναδεικνύεται, τέλος, η Λήμνος του σήμερα: τόποι ιστορικής σημασίας, αρχαιολογικοί χώροι και μουσεία, αλλά και τοποθεσίες φυσικού κάλλους, γεωλογικά μνημεία και θέσεις οικολογικού ενδιαφέροντος, παραλίες και παραδοσιακοί οικισμοί. Ακόμη, γίνονται αναφορές στην άυλη και την γαστρονομική κληρονομιά του νησιού, αλλά και τη μουσική και χορευτική παράδοση που αναβιώνει ώς τις μέρες μας.

Η παρούσα σύντομη εισήγηση-ανακοίνωση παρουσιάσθηκε με τον τίτλο: «Ηθική και Γονιδιωματική» στο Δεύτερο Πανελλήνιο Συνέδριο Εξατομικευμένης Ιατρικής στις 17 Δεκεμβρίου 2021, στο Ζάππειο Μέγαρο στην Αθήνα. Η εισήγηση επικεντρώνεται στην προσέγγιση των θεμάτων, τα οποία συνδέονται με τη γενετική επεξεργασία του ανθρώπινου γονιδιώματος (genome editing) και με τα συναφή ηθικά διλήμματα που εγείρει η εφαρμογή της Φαρμακογονιδιωματικής. Η Ηθική βασίζεται σε αρχές και κριτήρια ―με όποια ηθική θεωρία κι αν προσεγγίζεται το θέμα― και προβάλλει τα βασικά ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα της προστασίας, της αξιοπρέπειας και της ταυτότητας κάθε ανθρωπίνου όντος, την εγγύηση του σεβασμού της ακεραιότητας και των δικαιωμάτων και θεμελιωδών ελευθεριών, αλλά και την ισότιμη συμμετοχή στο κοινωνικό αγαθό της υγείας και της συνεπαγόμενης θεραπείας του ασθενούς.

Η παρούσα περιοδική έκδοση προσφέρει συγκεκριμένα θεωρητικά επιχειρήματα και περιπτώσεις επαναξιολόγησης του τριπτύχου ‘φιλοσοφία, τέχνη και θεραπεία’. Φιλοξενεί ερευνητικές εργασίες και άρθρα που διεξέρχονται ποικίλες πλευρές του συσχετισμού, φιλοσοφίας, τέχνης και θεραπείας, από το θέατρο, τη μουσική, τις καλές τέχνες και το φιλοσοφικό στοχασμό, τη λογοτεχνία, το θέατρο, το χορό, το μύθο, τη δικαιοσύνη, την πολιτική και τη θρησκεία, μέχρι την αναλυτική, όσο και διεπιστημονική, διερεύνηση της έννοιας της θεραπείας και την προσέγγιση του Wittgenstein αναφορικά με το φιλοσοφείν ως μορφή θεραπείας. Δευτερευόντως την ερευνητική μας ομάδα απασχολούν ζητήματα από την ιστορία της φιλοσοφίας, της τέχνης και της επιστήμης, διεπιστημονικές προσεγγίσεις που περιλαμβάνουν την ανθρωπολογία, τις κοινωνικές επιστήμες και τις ανθρωπιστικές σπουδές, την εφαρμοσμένη ηθική, την ιατρική δεοντολογία (βιοηθική) και την εφαρμοσμένη φιλοσοφία μέσω των τεχνών και της εκπαίδευσης.

The sediment record from Lake Ohrid (Southwestern Balkans) represents the longest continuous lake archive in Europe, extending back to 1.36 Ma. We reconstruct the vegetation history based on pollen analysis of the DEEP core to reveal changes in vegetation cover and forest diversity during glacial–interglacial (G–IG) cycles and early basin development. The earliest lake phase saw a significantly different composition rich in relict tree taxa and few herbs. Subsequent establishment of a permanent steppic herb association around 1.2 Ma implies a threshold response to changes in moisture availability and temperature and gradual adjustment of the basin morphology. A change in the character of G–IG cycles during the Early–Middle Pleistocene Transition is reflected in the record by reorganization of the vegetation from obliquity- to eccentricity-paced cycles. Based on a quantitative analysis of tree taxa richness, the first large-scale decline in tree diversity occurred around 0.94 Ma. Subsequent variations in tree richness were largely driven by the amplitude and duration of G–IG cycles. Significant tree richness declines occurred in periods with abundant dry herb associations, pointing to aridity affecting tree population survival. Assessment of long-term legacy effects between global climate and regional vegetation change reveals a significant influence of cool interglacial conditions on subsequent glacial vegetation composition and diversity. This effect is contrary to observations at high latitudes, where glacial intensity is known to control subsequent interglacial vegetation, and the evidence demonstrates that the Lake Ohrid catchment functioned as a refugium for both thermophilous and temperate tree species.

We predicted a stellar occultation of the bright star Gaia DR1 4332852996360346368 (UCAC4 385-75921) (mV = 14.0 mag) by the centaur 2002 GZ32 for 2017 May 20. Our latest shadow path prediction was favourable to a large region in Europe. Observations were arranged in a broad region inside the nominal shadow path. Series of images were obtained with 29 telescopes throughout Europe and from six of them (five in Spain and one in Greece) we detected the occultation. This is the fourth centaur, besides Chariklo, Chiron, and Bienor, for which a multichord stellar occultation is reported. By means of an elliptical fit to the occultation chords, we obtained the limb of 2002 GZ32 during the occultation, resulting in an ellipse with axes of 305 ± 17 km × 146 ± 8 km. From this limb, thanks to a rotational light curve obtained shortly after the occultation, we derived the geometric albedo of 2002 GZ32 (pV = 0.043 ± 0.007) and a 3D ellipsoidal shape with axes 366 km × 306 km × 120 km. This shape is not fully consistent with a homogeneous body in hydrostatic equilibrium for the known rotation period of 2002 GZ32. The size (albedo) obtained from the occultation is respectively smaller (greater) than that derived from the radiometric technique but compatible within error bars. No rings or debris around 2002 GZ32 were detected from the occultation, but narrow and thin rings cannot be discarded.

2ο webinar με θέμα «Παρενόχληση, Φύλο και Αθλητισμός», Παρασκευή,  9 Απριλίου 2021 (18.00 – 21.00) Στο YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GtZMRbK_6q4 Tο Σπουδαστήριο της Κοινωνιολογίας της Σχολής Επιστήμης Φυσικής Αγωγής και Αθλητισμού (ΣΕΦΑΑ) του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστήμιου Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ) διοργάνωσε το 2ο webinar με θέμα «Παρενόχληση, Φύλο και Αθλητισμός», υπό την Αιγίδα και υποστήριξη του Συλλόγου Ελλήνων Ολυμπιονικών (ΣΕΟ), της Πανελλήνιας Ένωσης Προώθησης των Γυναικών στον Αθλητισμό και τα Σπορ (ΠΕΠΓΑΣ), του Πανελλήνιου Αθλητικού Σωματείο Γυναικών «Καλλιπάτειρα» Θεσσαλονίκης, του ομίλου UNESCO Θεσσαλονίκης,  και της Move for Life - ΚΟΙΝΟΤΗΤΑ ΠΡΑΚΤΙΚΗΣ Συμβούλων Εκπαιδευτικών Φυσικής Αγωγής της ΣΕΦΑΑ/ΕΚΠΑ. ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ-ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΕΣ: Ειρήνη Καμπερίδου,  ΣΕΦΑΑ/ΕΚΠΑ ΧΑΙΡΕΤΙΣΜΟΣ–ΕΝΑΡΞΗ: Νικόλαος Γελαδάς, Κοσμήτορας,  ΣΕΦΑΑ/ΕΚΠΑ ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ-ΣΥΝΤΟΝΙΣΜΟ:  Ειρήνη Καμπερίδου, ΣΕΦΑΑ/ΕΚΠΑ ΕΙΣΗΓΗΣΕΙΣ (ΟΜΙΛΗΤΡΙΕΣ): 1) Ανή Χρόνη:  Καθηγήτρια Sport Psychology & Sport Coaching, Inland Norway University. Πρώην Πρόεδρος του WomenSport International          «Grooming: Μια τρυφερή προσέγγιση που ξεγελά και τραυματίζει μοιραία» 2) Στέλλα Δούκα: Καθηγήτρια, ΤΕΦΑΑ/ΑΠΘ, Τομέας Ανθρωπιστικών Σπουδών και Αναψυχής. Συντονίστρια του έργου HALT «HALT: Ανάσχεση της παρενόχλησης και της κακοποίησης στον αθλητισμό με χρήση τεχνολογιών μάθησης» 3) Δήμητρα Κογκίδου: Καθηγήτρια ΠΤΔΕ/ΑΠΘ. Πρόεδρος της Επιτροπής Ισότητας των Φύλων του ΑΠΘ. «Πρόληψη και αντιμετώπιση του φαινομένου της σεξουαλικής παρενόχλησης στα ΑΕΙ- Που βρισκόμαστε σήμερά;» 4) Ιωάννα Κονδύλη: Αν. Καθηγήτρια, Νομική Σχολή ΕΚΠΑ, Μέλος της Επιτροπής Ισότητας των Φύλων του ΕΚΠΑ «Η  σεξουαλική παρενόχληση ως προσβολή της προσωπικότητας» ΕΡΩΤΗΣΕΙΣ-ΣΥΖΗΤΗΣΗ-ΠΡΟΤΑΣΕΙΣ (όλοι και όλες) ΕΠΙΛΟΓΟΣ KAI ΘΕΜΑΤA-ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ 3ου WEBINAR  14/05/2021 Διοργάνωση: Σπουδαστήριο της Κοινωνιολογίας ΣΕΦΑΑ/ΕΚΠΑ, Ειρ. Καμπερίδου, Αν. Καθηγήτρια 

ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ-ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΕΣ: Ειρήνη Καμπερίδου,  ΣΕΦΑΑ/ΕΚΠΑ ΧΑΙΡΕΤΙΣΜΟΣ–ΕΝΑΡΞΗ: Νικός Γελαδάς, Κοσμήτορας,  ΣΕΦΑΑ/ΕΚΠΑ ΧΑΙΡΕΤΙΣΜΟΙ: Εκπρόσωποι θεσμών-ιδρυμάτων-οργανώσεων ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ-ΣΥΝΤΟΝΙΣΜΟΣ:  Ειρήνη Καμπερίδου, ΣΕΦΑΑ/ΕΚΠΑ ΕΙΣΗΓΗΣΕΙΣ:  Στο 3ο webinar  μίλησαν/παρουσίασαν εισηγήσεις:                          

1. Η Καθηγήτρια Δήμητρα Κουτσούκη (ΣΕΦΑΑ/ΕΚΠΑ) με θέμα «Παρενόχληση Unlimited» (την παρενόχληση και βία που υφίστανται τα ΑμεΑ και των δύο φύλων)
2. Η Επίκουρη Καθηγήτρια Ασπασία Δανιά (ΣΕΦΑΑ/ΕΚΠΑ) με θέμα  «LGBTQ: θέματα ισοτιμίας και πρόληψης των διακρίσεων στη Φυσική Αγωγή και τον Αθλητισμό»
3. Η Γενική Γραμματέας του Συλλόγου Ελλήνων Ολυμπιονικών (ΣΕΟ), η Ολυμπιονίκης Βούλα Ζυγούρη, με θέμα:  «Διαχείριση στερεότυπων φύλου στον Αθλητισμό»
4. Ο υποψήφιος Διδάκτορας Γιάννης Γεωργίου (ΣΕΦΑΑ/ΕΚΠΑ), με θέμα: «Στάσεις των φοιτητών και των φοιτητριών της ΣΕΦΑΑ απέναντι στην ανδρική και τη γυναικεία ομοφυλοφιλία»
5. ΕΡΩΤΗΣΕΙΣ-ΣΥΖΗΤΗΣΗ-ΠΡΟΤΑΣΕΙΣ (όλοι και όλες)
6. ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ-ΛΗΞΗ

Διοργάνωση: Ειρήνη Καμπερίδου, Σπουδαστήριο της Κοινωνιολογίας ΣΕΦΑΑ/ΕΚΠΑ   -Παρακολουθείστε το 1ο webinar στο YouTube (5 Μαρτίου):   https://youtu.be/LtNeMaGAs64 -Παρακολουθείστε το 2ο webinar στο YouTube (9 Απριλίου): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GtZMRbK_6q4 -Παρακολουθείστε το 3ο στο YouTube (14 Μαΐου): https://youtu.be/1zQZ_WylO3c ή, συνδεθείτε 14 Μαΐου στο webex: https://uoa.webex.com/uoa/j.php?MTID=m012e0e57bb7b3c0b0f8d3cd01e029799    

This paper aims to determine and sort the rally and break-time duration (including the rest time) in elite men’s and women’s Sitting Volleyball matches. The sample of study comprises 9195 rallies were retrieved from 68 (34 men and 34 women) Sitting Volleyball matches (corresponding to 224 sets) of the 2019 European Sitting Volleyball championship which monitored and recorded. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability coefficients were estimated using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. The results of the study showed that the total average attempts in the block of serve, setting, attack, block and defence are higher in men compared to women (p≤.001). Also, the duration of the rally was longer in men, 5.98s, compared to 4.98s of women (p≤.001). The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated that in both genders the highest average rally length was recorded in the 5th set (7.42s for men and 5.4s for women, respectively) and in the 3rd period of that set for men (6.22s) and the 1st period for women (5.06s). For both genders, the highest average break-times were recorded in the 5th set (28.23s for men and 27.73s for women) and, in particular, the 3rd period of that set (23.75s for men and 25.14s for women). According to the study result, one of the reasons contributing to the higher rally length in men’s matches is the higher number of attempts for all Sitting Volleyball skills that men performed comparing to women. The results of this study can be used by players, coaching staff, teams and federations for the organization, design, planning and managing of workouts and matches.

Metasurfaces constitute an emerging technology, allowing for compact manipulation of all degrees of freedom of an incident lightwave. A key ongoing challenge in the design of these structures is how to allow for energy-efficient dynamic (active) operation, particularly for the polarization of incident light, which other standard devices typically cannot efficiently act upon. Here, we present a quasi-two-dimensional magneto-optic metasurface capable of simultaneously high-contrast on/off operation, as well as rotation of the polarization angle of a linearly polarized wave—that is, without converting the incident linear polarization to elliptical, which is normally particularly challenging. Furthermore, the device’s operation is broadband, with a bandwidth of around 5 µm, and can be conveniently manipulated using an external magnetic bias. Our findings, corroborated using two different full-wave simulation approaches, may allow for functional metasurfaces operating in the terahertz (THz) regime, giving rise to robust, energy-efficient, and high-dynamic-range broadband isolation, to be used for a wealth of optoelectronic and communication applications.

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetics, lifestyle and environmental factors. Despite therapeutic advances that reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, atherosclerosis-related diseases remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Precise targeting of genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism is an emerging approach for atherosclerosis prevention and treatment. This article focuses on the latest developments, clinical potential and current challenges of monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and genome/transcriptome modification strategies, including antisense oligonucleotides, genome/base editing and gene therapy. Multiple lipid lowering biological therapies have already been approved by the FDA with impressive results to date, while many more promising targets are being pursued in clinical trials or pre-clinical animal models.

The chapter is on how social issues influence teachers’ use of digital resources in mathematics classrooms. The study is on an experienced, digitally competent, Danish teacher, Sofia, and one question is how her use of digital resources relates to her shifting professional identities. To address the question, a framework called Patterns of Participation, PoP, is used, one that draws on the notions of practice and figured worlds from social practice theory and of self and interaction from symbolic interactionism. Another question is whether PoP is helpful for understanding how Sofia contributes to classroom interaction when using digital resources. Sofia’s case was previously analysed with another framework, Structuring Features of Classroom Practice, which is developed to study teachers’ expertise and development in relation to digital resources. The PoP perspective supplements the previous and primarily descriptive account by providing explanations for how digital resources are used in Sofia’s classrooms, including a focus on procedures and a paucity of attention to conceptual understanding and mathematical reasoning. These explanations relate to Sofia’s identities, understood as her professional experiences of being, becoming and belonging. The PoP analysis, then, offers contextual interpretations and explanations of teachers' acts as related to broader social enterprises beyond classroom interactions.

Despite considerable progress in the understanding of its neuropathology, Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a complex disorder with no effective treatment that counteracts the memory deficits and the underlying synaptic malfunction triggered by the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and Tau protein. Mounting evidence supports a precipitating role for chronic environmental stress and glutamatergic excitotoxicity in AD, suggesting that targeting of glutamate receptor signaling may be a promising approach against both stress and AD pathologies. In light of the limited cognitive benefit of the direct antagonism of NMDA receptors in AD, we here focus on an alternative way to modify glutamatergic signaling through positive allosteric modulation of AMPA receptors, by the use of a PAM-AMPA compound. Using non-transgenic animal model of Aβ oligomer injection as well as the combined stress and Aβ i.c.v. infusion, we demonstrate that positive allosteric modulation of AMPA receptors by PAM-AMPA treatment reverted memory, but not mood, deficits. Furthermore, PAM-AMPA treatment reverted stress/Aβ-driven synaptic missorting of Tau and associated Fyn/GluN2B-driven excitotoxic synaptic signaling accompanied by recovery of neurotransmitter levels in the hippocampus. Our findings suggest that positive allosteric modulation of AMPA receptors restores synaptic integrity and cognitive performance in stress- and Aβ-evoked hippocampal pathology. As the prevalence of AD is increasing at an alarming rate, novel therapeutic targeting of glutamatergic signaling should be further explored against the early stages of AD synaptic malfunction with the goal of attenuating further synaptic damage before it becomes irreversible.

Tauopathies are a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the presence of insoluble intracellular tau filaments in the brain. Evidence suggests that there is a tight connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. However, whether mitochondrial dysfunction occurs prior to the detection of tau aggregates in tauopathies remains elusive. Here, we utilized transgenic nematodes expressing the full length of wild type tau in neuronal cells and monitored mitochondrial morphology alterations over time. Although tau-expressing nematodes did not accumulate detectable levels of tau aggregates during larval stages, they displayed increased mitochondrial damage and locomotion defects compared to the control worms. Chelating calcium restored mitochondrial activity and improved motility in the tau-expressing larvae suggesting a link between mitochondrial damage, calcium homeostasis and neuronal impairment in these animals. Our findings suggest that defective mitochondrial function is an early pathogenic event of tauopathies, taking place before tau aggregation and undermining neuronal homeostasis and organismal fitness. Understanding the molecular mechanisms causing mitochondrial dysfunction early in tauopathy will be of significant clinical and therapeutic value and merits further investigation.

In March 2020 the World Health Organization announced a pandemic outbreak. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen for the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The authorities worldwide use clinical science to identify infected people, but this approach is not able to track all symptomatic and asymptomatic cases due to limited sampling capacity of the testing laboratories. This drawback is eliminated by the Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) approach. In this review, we summarized the peer-reviewed published literature (available as of September 28, 2020), in the field of WBE. The commonly used steps (sampling, storage, concentration, isolation, detection) of the analytical protocols were identified. The potential limitations of each stage of the protocols and good practices were discussed. Finally, new methods for the efficient detection of SARS-CoV-2 were proposed.

We invite observers to join an international observing campaign and obtain light curve of a selected number of the most ancient asteroids. Analysis of these data will be important to reconstruct the original state of the asteroid belt, which is a crucial problem of planetary science. This original state can be reconstructed through the identification of the oldest asteroid families. Traditional identification methods, like Hierarchical Clustering Methods (Zappala et al., 1990; HCM), have difficulties to recognise Gyr- and older asteroid families, whose members are very dispersed by the Yarkovsky effect. An innovative method, called V-shape search (Bolin et al., 2017), has been demonstrated effective (Deienno et al. 2021) to identify these aforementioned very old collisional families by searching for the signature of the size dependent dispersion of family members operated by the Yarkovsky effect.The method has already successfully identified two primordial families which likely formed before the giant planet orbital instability (Tsiganis et al., 2005) and could be as old as the Solar System and an ancient one that is ~3 Gyr-old (Delbo et al., 2017; 2019). There is evidence from observations and theoretical evolution models that there are more old families to be detected (Delbo et al., 2017; Dermott et al., 2018). However, the reliability of these V-shape families should be independently verified.A very important test of family membership is the anisotropic distribution of spin vectors of the asteroid family member, which is a fingerprint of the Yarkovsky effect evolution (Hanus et al. 2013). Namely, to test the working hypothesis that according to theories of asteroid orbital evolution under the Yarkovsky effect, members of the inward (outward) side of V-shape of a family have a statistical predominance of retrograde (prograde) objects (Fig. 1). This hypothesis has been tested (Hanus, et al., 2013) already for known families, and it is a reliable test for family membership. The observing campaign: Ancient AsteroidsFor this purpose, an international observing campaign called Ancient Asteroids has been put forward at different observatories worldwide: (University of Athens Observatory (UOAO), Greece, the BSA Observatory and Bigmuskie Observatory, Italy, the Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), France, the Lowell Observatory in Arizona, United States, the Astronomical Institute of the Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in Thessaloniki, Greece. The main goal of the campaign is to establish an international network of professional and amateur astronomers (Pro-Am collaboration), in order to perform photometric observations of a very specific sample of the most ancient asteroids. A special website (http://users.uoa.gr/~kgaze/research_asteroids_en.html) was developed for the purpose of the campaign, that includes guidelines for the participation, the observations and the image data evaluation and collection.In the frame of Ancient Asteroids campaign, a user-friendly web application was also developed for the target selection and observing plan preparation. The user can easily find the observable asteroids for the campaign based on the location, the time and the equipment limitations. The targets are displayed with a priority rate, in order to perform smart sampling. The user selects the favor target and an observing plan automatically is created. The contribution The obtained lightcurves from all the involved participants will be combined with data available in the literature, as well as with sparse data from space missions (Gaia, TESS, etc) and global sky surveys (PTF, LSST, ATLAS, etc). Thus, the spin state of the asteroids can be revealed. The results will be ingested to the Minor Planet Physical Properties Catalogue (MP3C) program (https://mp3c.oca.eu/catalogue/index.htm), the largest database of asteroid physical properties, which complies with the EU vision for open data. The observing campaign Ancient Asteroids has started to collect photometric observations with the contribution of amateur astronomers from Italy, France and Greece are submitted. The observations will reveal the spin state of the members, which are crucial for the testing the hypothesis of the family membership. This research will potentially lead to a better understanding of the first stages of the evolution of the Solar System, the mechanism at the origin of the formation of the asteroids and the planet formation processes. AcknowledgmentsThis work was also partially supported by the ANR ORIGINS (ANR-18-CE31-0014) and by the French National Program of Planetology (PNP). Here we make use of asteroid physical properties data from Minor Planet Physical Properties Catalog (https://mp3c.oca.eu/). ReferencesBolin, B. T. et al. (2017). Icarus, 282, 290-312.Deienno, R. et al. (2021). Icarus, 357, 114218.Delbo, M. et al. (2019). Astronomy & Astrophysics, 624, A69.Delbo, M. et al. (2017). Science, 357, 6355.Dermott, S. F. et al. (2018). Nature Astronomy, 2, 7.Hanus, J. et al. (2013). Astronomy & Astrophysics, 559.Hanus, J. et al. (2013). Astronomy & Astrophysics, 551.Tsiganis K. et al. (2005). Nature, 435, 7041.Zappala, V. et al. (1990). Astrophysical Journal, 100, 2030-2046.

Various antidepressants are commonly used to treat depression and anxiety disorders, and sex differences have been identified in their efficacy and side effects. Steroids, such as estrogens and testosterone, both in the periphery and locally in the brain, are regarded as important modulators of these sex differences. This review presents published data from preclinical and clinical studies that measure testosterone and estrogen level changes during and/or after acute or chronic administration of different antidepressants. The majority of studies show an interaction between sex hormones and antidepressants on sexual function and behavior, or in depressive symptom alleviation. However, most of the studies omit to investigate antidepressants' effects on circulating levels of gonadal hormones. From data reviewed herein, it is evident that most antidepressants can influence testosterone and estrogen levels. Still, the evidence is conflicting with some studies showing an increase, others decrease or no effect. Most studies are conducted in male animals or humans, underscoring the importance of considering sex as an important variable in such investigations, especially as depression and anxiety disorders are more common in women than men. Therefore, research is needed to elucidate the extent to which antidepressants can influence both peripheral and brain levels of testosterone and estrogens, in males and females, and whether this impacts the effectiveness or side effects of antidepressants.

Atmospheric-chemical coupled models usually parameterize sea-salt aerosol (SSA) emissions using whitecap fraction estimated considering only wind speed and ignoring sea state. This approach may introduce inaccuracies in SSA simulation. This study aims to assess the impact of sea state on SSA modeling, applying a new parameterization for whitecap fraction estimation based on wave age, calculated by the ratio between wave phase velocity and wind speed. To this end, the new parameterization was incorporated in the coupled Chemical Hydrological Atmospheric Ocean wave modeling System (CHAOS). CHAOS encompasses the wave model (WAM) two-way coupled through the OASIS3-MCT coupler with the Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-ARW-Chem) and, thus, enabling the concurrent simulation of SSAs, wind speed and wave phase velocity. The simulation results were evaluated against in-situ and lidar measurements at 2 stations in Greece (Finokalia on 4 and 15 July 2014 and Antikythera-PANGEA on 15 September 2018). The results reveal significant differences between the parameterizations with the new one offering a more realistic representation of SSA levels in some layers of the lower atmosphere. This is attributed to the enhancement of the bubble-bursting mechanism representation with air-sea processes controlling whitecap fraction. Our findings also highlight the contribution of fresh wind-generated waves to SSA modeling.

This paper proposes the establishment of a systematic framework for measuring dimensions of democracy within a university. It is shown that certain indicators internationally established and validated for the measurement of the institutional characteristics of democracy can, through appropriate adaptation, be transferred to the university field. A new model of mapping these characteristics to the university field was built using all available knowledge from international surveys, valid databases and researches conducted using questionnaires and structured interviews, specifically for the purposes of this paper. Chord diagrams, capable of providing meaningful dynamic graphical representations, were employed as a novel evaluative tool that highlights the existence and degree of significant interrelations between democracy indicators and democratic characteristics of the university. As a case study, we have chosen to analyze, compare and contrast the three most representative laws governing the operation of Greek universities for the last 35 years using the proposed model. Its operation, validity and capabilities were verified, after encapsulating the complex interdependencies among its variables, for a large time period, influenced by adverse social and economic changes. Thus, it can be used as an effective tool for comparisons among different universities, with respect to their democratic constitution.

In this Part 2 article of a two-part series, observations based on satellite missions were used to evaluate the empirical consistency of model ensembles generated via stochastic modelling of ocean physics and biogeochemistry. A high-resolution Bay of Biscay configuration was used as a case study to explore the model error subspace in both the open and coastal ocean. In Part 1 of this work, three experiments were carried out to generate model ensembles by perturbing only physics, only biogeochemistry, and both of them simultaneously. In Part 2 of this work, empirical consistency was checked, first by means of rank histograms projecting the data onto the model ensemble classes, and second, by pattern-selective consistency criteria in the space of “array modes” defined as eigenvectors of the representer matrix. Rank histograms showed large dependency on geographical region and on season for sea surface temperature (SST), sea-level anomaly (SLA), and phytoplankton functional types (PFT), shifting from consistent model-data configurations to large biases because of model ensemble underspread. Consistency for SST array modes was found to be verified at large, small and coastal scales soon after the ensemble spin-up. Array modes for the along-track sea-level showed useful consistent information at large scales and at the mesoscale; for the gridded SLA was verified only at large scale. Array modes showed that biogeochemical model uncertainties generated by stochastic physics, were effectively detected by PFT measurements at large scales, as well as at mesoscale and small-scale. By contrast, perturbing only biogeochemistry, with an identical physical forcing across the ensemble, limits the potential of PFT measurements at detecting and possibly correcting small-scale biogeochemical model errors. When an ensemble was found to be inconsistent with observations along a particular direction (here, an array mode), a plausible reason is that other error processes must have been active in the model, in addition to the ones at work across the ensemble.

In this article, Part 1 of a two-part series, we run and evaluate the skill of a regional physical–biogeochemical stochastic ocean model based on NEMO. The domain covers the Bay of Biscay at 1/36° resolution, as a case study for open-ocean and coastal shelf dynamics. We generate model ensembles based on assumptions about errors in the atmospheric forcing, the ocean model parameterizations and in the sources and sinks of the biogeochemical variables. The resulting errors are found to be mainly driven by the wind forcing uncertainties, with the rest of the perturbed forcing and parameters locally influencing the ensemble spread. Biogeochemical uncertainties arise from intrinsic ecosystem model errors and from errors in the physical state. Uncertainties in physical forcing and parameterization are found to have a larger impact on chlorophyll spread than uncertainties in ecosystem sources and sinks. The ensembles undergo quantitative verification with respect to observations, focusing on upper-ocean properties. Despite a tendency for ensembles to be generally under-dispersive, they appear to be reasonably consistent with respect to sea surface temperature data. The largest statistical sea-level biases are observed in coastal regions. These biases hint at the presence of high-frequency error sources currently unaccounted for, and suggest that the ensemble-based uncertainties are unfit to model error covariances for assimilation. Model ensembles for chlorophyll appear to be consistent with ocean colour data only at times. The stochastic model is qualitatively evaluated by analysing its ability at generating consistent multivariate incremental model corrections. Corrections to physical properties are associated with large-scale biases between model and data, with diverse characteristics in the open-ocean and the shelves. Mesoscale features imprint their signature on temperature and sea-level corrections, as well as on chlorophyll corrections due to the vertical velocities associated with vortices. Small scale local corrections are visible over the shelves. Chlorophyll information has measurable impact on physical variables.

Athens emerges as a paradox in travel literature; it is both a site of timeless monuments and a city in constant metamorphosis. From the late seventeenth to the twenty-first century, a great number of travelogues have revealed the changing identity of Athens and the ways in which its images were circulated and interpreted through the centuries. Classical imagery became the symbol of Athens through its first detailed descriptions by early travelers, while eighteenth- and nineteenth-century scholars, writers, and artists negotiated impulses to idealize, admire, or even satirize the city Athens in their secular pilgrimages. When Athens became the capital of the new nation after the GreekWar of Independence, its symbolic significance increased, suggesting not only the continuity with antiquity but also the divided position of Greece between past and present, East and West, the ideal and the real. Following its transformation into a modern metropolis, Athens continues to challenge travel writers to capture its ambiguity and explore its mythologies and traumas.

The accurate extraction of a coastline is necessary for various studies of coastal processes, as well as for the management and protection of coastal areas. Very high-resolution satellite imagery has great potential for coastline extraction; however, noises in spectral data can cause significant errors. Here, we present a newly developed Coastal Extraction Tool (CET) that overcomes such errors and allows accurate and time-efficient automated coastline extraction based on a combination of WorldView-2 (WV-2) multispectral imagery and stereo-pair-derived digital surface model (DSM). Coastline extraction is performed and tested on the Iž-Rava island group, situated within the Northern Dalmatian archipelago (Croatia). Extracted coastlines were compared to (a) coastlines extracted from state topographic map (1:25,000), and (b) coastline extracted by another available tool. The accuracy of the extracted coastline was validated with centimeter accuracy reference data acquired using a UAV system (Matrice 600 Pro + MicaSense RedEdge-MX). Within the study area, two small islets were detected that have not been mapped during the earlier coastline mapping efforts. CET proved to be a highly accurate coastline mapping technique that successfully overcomes spectral-induced errors. In future research, we are planning to integrate data obtained by UAVs infrared thermography (IRT) and in situ sensors, measuring sea and land surface temperatures (SST and LST), into the CET, given that this has shown promising results. Considering its accuracy and ease of use, we suggest that CET can be applied for automated coastline extraction in other large and indented coastal areas. Additionally, we suggest that CET could be applied in longitudinal geomorphological coastal erosion studies for the automated detection of spatio-temporal coastline displacement.

Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process that eliminates molecules and subcellular elements, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and organelles, via lysosome-mediated degradation to promote homeostasis, differentiation, development and survival. While autophagy is intimately linked to health, the intricate relationship among autophagy, aging and disease remains unclear. This Review examines several emerging features of autophagy and postulates how they may be linked to aging as well as to the development and progression of disease. In addition, we discuss current preclinical evidence arguing for the use of autophagy modulators as suppressors of age-related pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we highlight key questions and propose novel research avenues that will likely reveal new links between autophagy and the hallmarks of aging. Understanding the precise interplay between autophagy and the risk of age-related pathologies across organisms will eventually facilitate the development of clinical applications that promote long-term health.

We study Rabi oscillations in a two-level system within the semiclassical approximation as an archetype test field of the Averaging Method (AM). The population transfer between the two levels is approached within the first and the second order AM. We systematically compare AM predictions with the rotating wave approximation (RWA) and with the complete numerical solution utilizing standard algorithms (NRWA). We study both the resonance (Δ = 0) and out-of-resonance () cases, where Δ = ω − Ω, and ℏΩ = E 2 − E1 is the two-level energetic separation, while ω is the (cyclic) frequency of the electromagnetic field. We introduce three types of dimensionless factors ϵ, i.e., ΩR/Δ, ΩR/Σ, and ΩR/ω, where ΩR is the Rabi (cyclic) frequency and Σ = ω + Ω and explore the range of ϵ where the AM results are equivalent to NRWA. Finally, by allowing for a phase difference in the initial electron wave functions, we explore the prospects coherence can offer. We illustrate that even with equal initial probabilities at the two levels, but with phase difference, strong oscillations can be generated and manipulated.

Aging, genomic stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are risk factors for neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Parkinson disease (PD). Although genomic instability is associated with aging and mitochondrial impairment, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that base excision repair generates genomic stress, promoting age-related neurodegeneration in a Caenorhabditis elegans PD model. A physiological level of NTH-1 DNA glycosylase mediates mitochondrial and nuclear genomic instability, which promote degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in older nematodes. Conversely, NTH-1 deficiency protects against alpha-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity, maintaining neuronal function with age. This apparent paradox is caused by modulation of mitochondrial transcription in NTH-1-deficient cells, and this modulation activates LMD-3, JNK-1, and SKN-1 and induces mitohormesis. The dependance of neuroprotection on mitochondrial transcription highlights the integration of BER and transcription regulation during physiological aging. Finally, whole-exome sequencing of genomic DNA from patients with idiopathic PD suggests that base excision repair might modulate susceptibility to PD in humans.

We study and develop Bayesian models for the analysis of volleyball match outcomes as recorded by the set-difference. Due to the peculiarity of the outcome variable (set-difference) which takes discrete values from −3 to 3, we cannot consider standard models based on the usual Poisson or binomial assumptions used for other sports such as football/soccer. Hence, the first and foremost challenge was to build models appropriate for the set-difference of each volleyball match. Here we consider two major approaches: (a) an ordered multinomial logistic regression model and (b) a model based on a truncated version of the Skellam distribution. For the first model, we consider the set-difference as an ordinal response variable within the framework ofmultinomial logistic regression models. Concerning the second model, we adjust the Skellam distribution to account for the volleyball rules. We fit and compare both models with the same covariate structure as in Karlis & Ntzoufras (2003). Both models are fitted, illustrated and compared within Bayesian framework using data from both the regular season and the play-offs of the season 2016/17 of the Greek national men’s volleyball league A1.

The tangency portfolio, also known as the market portfolio, is the most efficient portfolio and arises from the intercept point of the Capital Market Line (CML) and the efficient frontier. In this paper, a binary optimal tangency portfolio under cardinality constraint (BOTPCC) problem is defined and studied as a nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. Because such NLP problems are widely approached by heuristic, a binary beetle antennae search algorithm is employed to provide a solution to the BTPSCC problem. Our method proved to be a magnificent substitute to other evolutionary algorithms in real-world datasets, based on numerical applications and computer simulations.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, arising from terminally differentiated B cells, namely plasma cells. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that participate in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. In this study, we investigated the role of nine miRNAs in MM. CD138+ plasma cells were selected from bone marrow aspirates from MM and smoldering MM (sMM) patients. Total RNA was extracted and in vitro polyadenylated. Next, first-strand cDNA synthesis was performed using an oligo-dT-adapter primer. For the relative quantification of the investigated miRNAs, an in-house real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was developed. A functional in silico analysis of the miRNAs was also performed. miR-16-5p and miR-155-5p expression was significantly lower in the CD138+ plasma cells of MM patients than in those of sMM patients. Furthermore, lower levels of miR-15a-5p, miR-16-5p, and miR-222-3p were observed in the CD138+ plasma cells of MM patients with osteolytic bone lesions, compared to those without. miR-125b-5p was also overexpressed in the CD138+ plasma cells of MM patients with bone disease that presented with skeletal-related events (SREs). Furthermore, lower levels of miR-223-3p were associated with significantly worse overall survival in MM patients. In conclusion, we propose a miRNA signature with putative clinical utility in MM.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine condition affecting 6-18{%} of adolescents and is strongly associated with obesity and cardiovascular risk factors, enhancing the risk of atherosclerosis. Thirty-two adolescents with newly diagnosed PCOS were evaluated for lipid profile disorders, insulin resistance, inflammation, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and subclinical atherosclerosis through measurements of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). The relationships of the above markers with increased body mass index and abdominal obesity were investigated. Twenty-three adolescents (72{%}) were overweight (OW) or obese (OB). The OW/OB group had significantly higher insulin, HOMA-IR, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and lipid accumulation product (LAP) levels; and lower glucose-per-insulin ratios and HDL-C levels compared to the healthy weight group. The cIMT and small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) levels did not differ between the two groups. Similarly, cIMT and sdLDL-C levels did not differ between PCOS-adolescents and healthy controls. CIMT was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure and waist circumference per height ratio. In conclusion, OW/OB PCOS-adolescents have a cluster of adverse factors predisposing them to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Therefore, early cardiovascular risk assessment, as well as timely and targeted interventions, are necessary for prevention.

We report on the temporal properties of the ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) pulsar M51 ULX-7 inferred from the analysis of the 2018-2020 Swift/X-ray Telescope monitoring data and archival Chandra data obtained over a period of 33 days in 2012. We find an extended low flux state, which might be indicative of propeller transition, lending further support to the interpretation that the neutron star is rotating near equilibrium. Alternatively, this off-state could be related to a variable superorbital period. Moreover, we report the discovery of periodic dips in the X-ray light curve that are associated with the binary orbital period. The presence of the dips implies a configuration where the orbital plane of the binary is closer to an edge-on orientation, and thus demonstrates that favorable geometries are not necessary in order to observe ULX pulsars. These characteristics are similar to those seen in prototypical X-ray pulsars such as Her X-1 and SMC X-1 or other ULX pulsars such as NGC 5907 ULX1.

{The purpose of this study was to analyse selected serve characteristics in top-level male volleyball, with a special focus on detecting adaptations of the serve skill among seasons. The indicators examined were type, position, direction and quality of serve. The sample consisted of 5482 serves from three final phases of different top-level tournaments (Olympic Games 2012

SMC X-2 is one of the brightest pulsars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) with a maximum known Luminosity of Lx = 4.0×1038 erg s-1. This transient Be/X-ray pulsar with a spin period of Pspin ~ 2.37 s and an orbital period of Porb = 18.62 ± 0.02 days last underwent a Type-II outburst in 2015. Following its detection by MAXI, simultaneous observations were carried out by Swift, XMM-Newton and NuSTAR throughout the outburst phase extending up to two months. Its spectra showed a dominant hard cutoff power law along with additional soft blackbody and thermal components. The source is one of few SMC pulsars in which the propeller state was observed and a cyclotron resonance feature was detected at E ~ 27 keV. The onset of the propeller regime causes dramatic changes in the accretion state and the neutron star magnetosphere. This serves as impetus for trying to model the observed pulse profiles in various accretion states in order to deduce the geometry of the emitting regions. For this analysis, we use the geometrical pulse-profile modeling code Polestar. The pulsar exhibited a double-peak pulse profile during its previous giant outburst in 2000. In the 2015 data, we confirm the presence of a double peak during outburst, but there are also some profiles with a single broad peak. The pulse profile evolution from double peak to single peak probably indicates changes in the emission mechanism that can be traced by Polestar. This modeling effort will help us pinpoint the geometry of the emission and understand the energy and accretion changes as the source evolves past outburst and toward lower luminosity states.

We have analysed the X-ray spectra of all known Ultra-Compact X-ray Binaries (UCXBs), with the purpose of constraining the chemical composition of their accretion disc and donor star. Our investigation was focused on the presence (or absence) of the Fe Kα emission line, which was used as the probe of chemical composition of the disc, based on previously established theoretical predictions for the reflection of X-ray radiation off the surface of C/O-rich or He-rich accretion discs in UCXBs. We have contrasted the results of our spectral analysis to the history of type I X-ray bursts from these systems, which can also indicate donor star composition. We found that UCXBs with prominent and persistent iron Kα emission also featured repeat bursting activity. On the other hand, the UCXBs for which no iron line was detected, appear to have few or no type I X-ray bursts detected over more than a decade of monitoring. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrating a strong correlation between the Fe Kα line strength and the abundance of C and O in the accretion disc material and given the expected correlation between the H/He abundance and the recurrence rate of type I X-ray bursts, we propose that there is a considerable likelihood that UCXBs with persistent iron emission have He-rich donors, while those that do not, likely have C/O or O/Ne/Mg-rich donors. Our result strongly advocate for the development of more sophisticated simulations of X-ray reflection from hydrogen-poor accretion discs.

BACKGROUND: Tumors can be separated into immunogenic/hot and non-immunogenic/cold on the basis of the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), the expression of PD-L1 and the tumor mutation burden (TMB). In immunogenic tumors, TILs become unable to control tumor growth because their activity is suppressed by different inhibitory pathways, including PD-1/PD-L1. We hypothesized that tumor vaccines may not be active in the immunosuppressive microenvironment of immunogenic/hot tumors while they could be efficient in the immune naive microenvironment of non-immunogenic/cold tumors. METHODS: The randomized phase II Vx-001-201 study investigated the effect of the Vx-001 vaccine as maintenance treatment in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Biopsies from 131 (68 placebo and 63 Vx-001) patients were retrospectively analyzed for PD-L1 expression and TIL infiltration. TILs were measured as tumor-associated immune cells (TAICs), CD3-TILs, CD8-TILs and granzyme B-producing TILs (GZMB-TILs). Patients were distinguished into PD-L1(+) and PD-L1(-) and into TIL high and TIL low. FINDINGS: There was no correlation between PD-L1 expression and Vx-001 clinical activity. In contrast, Vx-001 showed a significant improvement of overall survival (OS) vs. placebo in TAIC low (21 vs. 8.1 months, p = 0.003, HR = 0.404, 95% CI 0.219-0.745), CD3-TIL low (21.6 vs. 6.6 months, p < 0.001, HR = 0.279, 95% CI 0.131-0.595), CD8-TIL low (21 vs. 6.6 months, p < 0.001; HR = 0.240, 95% CI 0.11-0.522) and GZMB-TIL low (20.7 vs. 11.1 months, p = 0.011, HR = 0.490, 95% CI 0.278-0.863). Vx-001 did not offer any clinical benefit in patients with TAIC high, CD3-TIL high, CD8-TIL high or GZMB-TIL high tumors. CD3-TIL, CD8-TIL and GZMB-TIL were independent predictive factors of Vx-001 efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis that Vx-001 may be efficient in patients with non-immunogenic/cold but not with immunogenic/hot tumors.

Binary and multiple stellar systems are numerous in our solar neighbourhood with 80 per cent of the solar-type stars being members of systems with high order multiplicity. The Contact Binaries Towards Merging (CoBiToM) Project is a programme that focuses on contact binaries and multiple stellar systems, as a key for understanding stellar nature. The goal is to investigate stellar coalescence and merging processes, as the final state of stellar evolution of low-mass contact binary systems. Obtaining observational data of approximately 100 eclipsing binaries and multiple systems and more than 400 archival systems, the programme aspires to give insights for their physical and orbital parameters and their temporal variations, e.g. the orbital period modulation, spot activity etc. Gravitational phenomena in multiple-star environments will be linked with stellar evolution. A comprehensive analysis will be conducted, in order to investigate the possibility of contact binaries to host planets, as well as the link between inflated hot Jupiters and stellar mergers. The innovation of CoBiToM Project is based on a multimethod approach and a detailed investigation, that will shed light for the first time on the origin of stellar mergers and rapidly rotating stars. In this work, we describe the scientific rationale, the observing facilities to be used and the methods that will be followed to achieve the goals of CoBiToM Project and we present the first results as an example of the current research on evolution of contact binary systems.

Ultra-short orbital period contact binaries (Porb < 0.26 d) host some of the smallest and least massive stars. These systems are faint and rare, and it is believed that they have reached a contact configuration after several Gyrs of evolution via angular momentum loss, mass transfer and mass loss through stellar wind processes. This study is conducted in the frame of Contact Binaries Towards Merging (CoBiToM) Project and presents the results from light curve and orbital analysis of 30 ultra-short orbital period contact binaries, with the aim to investigate the possibility of them being red nova progenitors, eventually producing merger events. Approximately half of the systems exhibit orbital period modulations, as a result of mass transfer or mass loss processes. Although they are in contact, their fill-out factor is low (less than 30 per cent), while their mass ratio is larger than the one in longer period contact binaries. The present study investigates the orbital stability of these systems and examines their physical and orbital parameters in comparison to those of the entire sample of known and well-studied contact binaries, based on combined spectroscopic and photometric analysis. It is found that ultra-short orbital period contact binaries have very stable orbits, while very often additional components are gravitationally bound in wide orbits around the central binary system. We confirmed that the evolution of such systems is very slow, which explains why the components of ultra-short orbital period systems are still Main Sequence stars after several Gyrs of evolution.

Ultra-short orbital period contact binaries (Porb < 0.26 d) host some of the smallest and least massive stars. These systems are faint and rare, and it is believed that they have reached a contact configuration after several Gyrs of evolution via angular momentum loss, mass transfer and mass loss through stellar wind processes. This study is conducted in the frame of Contact Binaries Towards Merging (CoBiToM) Project and presents the results from light curve and orbital analysis of 30 ultra-short orbital period contact binaries, with the aim to investigate the possibility of them being red nova progenitors, eventually producing merger events. Approximately half of the systems exhibit orbital period modulations, as a result of mass transfer or mass loss processes. Although they are in contact, their fill-out factor is low (less than 30 per cent), while their mass ratio is larger than the one in longer period contact binaries. The present study investigates the orbital stability of these systems and examines their physical and orbital parameters in comparison to those of the entire sample of known and well-studied contact binaries, based on combined spectroscopic and photometric analysis. It is found that ultra-short orbital period contact binaries have very stable orbits, while very often additional components are gravitationally bound in wide orbits around the central binary system. We confirmed that the evolution of such systems is very slow, which explains why the components of ultra-short orbital period systems are still Main Sequence stars after several Gyrs of evolution.

This study focuses on women’s integration in the military through sports, and particularly coed sports in the Hellenic Military Higher Education Institutions: 1) the Hellenic Army Academy, 2) the Hellenic Military Academy of Corps Officers, 3) the Hellenic Military Nursing Academy, 4) the Hellenic Naval Academy, and 5) the Hellenic Air Force Academy. We argue that coed sports (mixed-gender teams) can be used as an integration tool in military institutions, although research on this topic is scarce. Our study begins with a literature review on gender, the military, and sport combining a qualitative and quantitative approach to facilitate a better understanding of how women and men navigate and perceive the meaning of their mixed-gender military sport experience in the Hellenic Military Higher Education Institutions. Initially, twelve Greek women, active officers in the Armed Forces, took part in a series of semi-structured interviews. The twelve women, all high-ranking military officers today—between the ages of 25 to 49—were randomly chosen. Subsequently, a total of 120 active officers of both genders responded to the Greek version of the "Group Environment Questionnaire" (Angelonidis, 1995). From a total of 18 questions, nine were selected to examine gender integration through sport. The main research question is whether sport in the five military higher education academies/schools in Greece contributes to gender integration as perceived and understood by the 120 participants (female and male officers). The findings showed that integration is a process involving non-isolation, meaning acceptance of the gender subject (the officer cadet/military student) regardless of his/her gender into the team, as opposed to his/her exclusion, and as a result the union-unity-acceptance in a sport team of all the subjects (officer cadets of both genders). According to the results of the analysis, there is a statistically significant interaction between the variables 'joint participation of men and women in sports' and the 'integration of women' in the five Hellenic Military Higher Education Institutions. The results of this study indicate that mixed-gender military sport programs serve as a means for gender integration, unity, and cohesion. Other than strengthening physical capacity, fitness and performance, the findings confirm that coed military sport activities could prevent sexism; eliminate or reduce gender harassment, discrimination, and stereotypes; strengthen interpersonal communication/relationships and teamwork; reinforce team and social cohesion, unity, and cooperation skills.   Keywords: Hegemonic masculinity, Sidestreaming, Gender integration, Women, Armed Forces, Military academies, Coed sports, Mixed-gender activities

This article presents a comparison of the results obtained using the newly proposed Simple Weighted Sum Product method and some prominent multiple criteria decision-making methods. For comparison, several analyses were performed using the Python programming language and its NumPy library. The comparison was also made on a real decision-making problem taken from the literature. The obtained results confirm the high correlation of the results obtained using the Simple Weighted Sum Product method and selected multiple criteria decision-making methods such as TOPSIS, SAW, ARAS, WASPAS, and CoCoSo, which confirms the usability of the Simple Weighted Sum Product method for solving multiple criteria decision-making problems.

Members of the ubiquitous Nucleobase Ascorbate Transporter (NAT) family are H or Na symporters specific for the cellular uptake of either purines and pyrimidines or L-ascorbic acid. Despite the fact that several bacterial and fungal members have been extensively characterised at a genetic, biochemical or cellular level, and crystal structures of NAT members from Escherichia coli and Aspergillus nidulans have been determined pointing to a mechanism of transport, we have little insight on how substrate selectivity is determined. Here, we present systematic mutational analyses, rational combination of mutations, and novel genetic screens that reveal cryptic context-dependent roles of partially conserved residues in the so-called NAT signature motif in determining the specificity of the UapA transporter of A. nidulans. We show that specific NAT signature motif substitutions, alone and in combinations with each other or with distant mutations in residues known to affect substrate selectivity, lead to novel UapA versions possessing variable transport capacities and specificities for nucleobases. In particular, we show that a UapA version including the quadruple mutation T405S/F406Y/A407S/Q408E in the NAT signature motif (UapA-SYSE) becomes incapable of purine transport, but gains a novel pyrimidine-related profile, which can be further altered to a more promiscuous purine/pyrimidine profile when combined with replacements at distantly located residues, especially at F528. Our results reveal that UapA specificity is genetically highly modifiable and allow us to speculate on how the elevator-type mechanism of transport might account for this flexibility.

QR decomposition (QRD) is of fundamental importance for matrix factorization in both real and complex cases. In this paper, by using zeroing neural dynamics method, a continuous-time model is proposed for solving the time-varying problem of QRD in real-time. The proposed dynamics use time derivative information from a known real or complex matrix. Furthermore, its theoretical analysis is provided to substantiate the convergence and effectiveness of solving the time-varying QRD problem. In addition, numerical experiments in four different-dimensional time-varying matrices show that the proposed model is effective for solving the time-varying QRD problem both in the case of a real or a complex matrix as input.

Motivated by the study of Hörmander's sums-of-squares operators and their generalizations, we define the convolution algebra of proper distributions associated to a singular foliation. We prove that this algebra is represented as continuous linear operators on the spaces of smooth functions and generalized functions on the underlying manifold. This generalizes Schwartz kernel operators to singular foliations. We also define the algebra of smoothing operators in this context and prove that it is a two-sided ideal.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is the development and validation of a novel and robust genotyping method for a new lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) intronic polymorphism (rs11638944, C > G) and the investigation of its potential association with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) in a Greek population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 242 DNA samples from 49 PXS, 64 PXG, 50 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and 79 healthy age-matched controls were analyzed. Novel methodologies were developed and optimized, in order to genotype the intronic LOXL1 polymorphism: a) a real-time qPCR and melting curve analysis in the Light Cycler platform for rapid and cost-effective analysis and, b) a conventional PCR-RFLP method for analysis of a small number of samples. In selected samples, validity was checked with the reference DNA Sequencing method. RESULTS: The real-time qPCR methodology was reliable, demonstrating good efficiency, reproducibility, accuracy in genotyping (100% concordance with the PCR-RFLP method and DNA Sequencing), with good allele discrimination (Tm = 53.26 degrees C for C allele, Tm = 61.83 degrees C for G allele, DeltaTm = 8.57 degrees C). The results were characterized by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all groups. An increase from 18% in healthy controls to 61% in PXS patients was detected for the G/G homozygote thus, the C allele is protective for PXS with OR = 0.22 (95%CI: 0.11-0.42, p < .0001). Moreover, an increase from 18% in healthy controls to 70% in PXG patients was detected for the G/G homozygote thus, the C allele is protective for PXG with OR = 0.13 (95%CI: 0.06-0.25, p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: A statistically significant association was verified for the intronic LOXL1 polymorphism rs11638944 and PXS/PXG in a Greek population

COVID-19 incidence and case fatality rates (CFR) differ among ethnicities, stimulating efforts to pinpoint genetic factors that could explain these phenomena. In this regard, the multiallelic apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has recently been interrogated in the UK biobank cohort, demonstrating associations of the APOE epsilon4/epsilon4 genotype with COVID-19 severity and mortality. The frequency of the epsilon4 allele and thus the distribution of APOE epsilon4/epsilon4 genotype may differ among populations. We have assessed APOE genotypes in 1638 Greek individuals, based on haplotypes derived from SNP rs7412 and rs429358 and found reduced frequency of epsilon4/epsilon4 compared to the British cohort. Herein we discuss this finding in relation to CFR and hypothesize on the potential mechanisms linking APOE epsilon4/epsilon4 to severe COVID-19. We postulate that the metabolic deregulation ensued by APOE4, manifested by elevated cholesterol and oxidized lipoprotein levels, may be central to heightened pneumocyte susceptibility to infection and to exaggerated lung inflammation associated with the epsilon4/epsilon4 genotype. We also discuss putative dietary and pharmacological approaches for the prevention and management of COVID-19 in APOE epsilon4/epsilon4 individuals.

Romans 6,1-14 is central to Pauline thought, both in the letter to the Romans and in the Apostle’s theology as a whole, and this is the reason for its multifaceted history of interpretation, influence, and reception. While this text has many interpretative and hermeneutical dimensions, in this essay we will select an exegetical approach, with emphasis on the detailed examination of its structure, flow, terminology, and theo- logical content. Due to its particular theme, we will mainly focus on the interplay between the terms and theological ideas relating to the concepts of death, life, and resurrection, while also linking christology, ethics, and soteriology to each other.

The timing and character of coarse siliciclastic sediment delivered to deep-water environments in active rift basins is governed by the complicated interactions of tectonics, climate, eustasy, hinterland geology, and shelf process regime. The stratigraphic archives of deep-water syn-rift basin-fills provide records of palaeoenvironmental changes (e.g. climate and vegetation) in onshore catchments, particularly where they are connected by narrow shelves. However, a chronostratigraphically constrained record of climatic fluctuations and process responses in the hinterland source area recorded in deep-water deposits is rare. Here, we integrate a fully cored research borehole with outcrop exposures of deep-water syn-rift stratigraphy to reconstruct palaeoenvironmental change within the stratigraphy of the West Xylokastro Fault Block in the Corinth Rift, Greece. We used palaeomagnetic and palynological analyses from borehole core samples to develop a chronostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental model, which we compare to global records of Early-Mid Pleistocene climate and eustatic change. This framework allows establishment of a chronostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental context to stratigraphic variability encountered in outcrop and in the borehole. Our results show that the ∼240 m thick studied succession was deposited from ∼1.1 to 0.6 Ma across the Early-to Mid-Pleistocene transition. During the Early Pleistocene, obliquity-paced climatic variability is largely coherent with vegetation changes of forest coverage within catchments on the southern margin of the Corinth Rift. Large magnitude, eccentricity-paced cyclicity dominant after the Mid-Pleistocene Transition can alter sediment supply from onshore catchments during the warming stages of severe interglacials where expansion of forest cover may trap sediment within catchments. Conglomeratic grade sediment delivery to the deep-water is enhanced during glacial periods, interpreted to reflect sparse forest cover and large winter storms, and during semi-arid, grassland-dominated interglacial highstands during severe interglacials. Base-level rise during minor interglacials is easily outpaced by high sediment supply and is seldom represented stratigraphically. The study demonstrates the value of integrated palynological and sedimentological studies, whilst applying a conservative approach to interpretation when dealing with sparse palynological records from proximal deep-water stratigraphy. The case study provides conceptual models where climatic and vegetation changes can begin to be incorporated as a key control on sediment flux from onshore drainage basins to deep-water syn-rift successions.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adolescent cannabis use is associated with adult psychopathology. When Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), mainly in high doses, is administered to adolescence rats there are also long lasting effects in adults. This study aims to determine the specific adult bio-behavioural profile after adolescent low-dose THC, which better mirrors adolescent recreational cannabis use. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Adolescent male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with escalating low-dose of THC. In adulthood, they were evaluated for their spontaneous locomotion, sensorimotor gating, higher order and spatial cognitive functions. Dopaminergic activity and cannabinoid receptor expression were measured in distinct brain regions. Hippocampal neurogenic activity of neural stem cells was determined and protein levels of neuroplasticity-related biomarkers were quantified. Adolescent low-dose THC exposure increased spontaneous open-field activity, without affecting prepulse inhibition and attentional set-shifting performance. Region-specific dopaminergic alterations and CB(1) receptor up-regulation in the prefrontal cortex were observed. Impaired spatial memory, as assessed with the object location task and Morris water maze test, was associated with significantly decreased proliferative activity (SOX2-positive cells), neurogenic potential (decreased doublecortin-positive cells) in the adult hippocampus and defective neuroplasticity, including reduced BDNF expression in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. KEY RESULTS: Our findings reveal the adverse impact of adolescent low-dose THC on the psychomotor profile, dopaminergic neurotransmission, compensatory cannabinoid receptor response, cognition-related neurobiological and behavioural functions. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Our adolescent low-dose THC animal model does not induce tangible psychotic-like effects, such as those reported in high-dose THC studies, but it impairs cognitive functions and points to hippocampal vulnerability and disrupted neurogenesis.

Research in English as a Lingua Franca (ELF), that is the medium of communication between people who come from different linguacultural backgrounds, has created a rich body of work in various areas. This article focuses on a more recent development of this research for teachers and teacher educators in the perspective of critical language education (CLE). We explore how ELF research, both the linguistic/discourse-oriented one and the pedagogic-oriented one, can benefit from its links to CLE, with its understanding of teaching for social change. We then refer to aspects of critical transformative theory that become relevant in designing and implementing ELF-aware teacher education programmes, focusing especially on three recursive (non-linear) components, i.e. the phase of exposure, the phase of critical awareness and the phase of development of actions that teachers can implement in their teaching. We finish by exploring the critical role of assessment in language education and conclude by inviting teachers and educators to become involved in ELF research for CLE.

BACKGROUND: Parkinsonian symptoms are common adverse effects of antipsychotics. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to drug-induced parkinsonism. Nonetheless, parkinsonian symptoms in seniors treated with antipsychotics cannot be straightforwardly attributed to antipsychotic medication. A comprehensive diagnostic workup is necessary in many cases in order to shed light on the cause of such symptoms in this patient population. CASE SERIES: Eight cases of hospitalized depressed older adults with parkinsonian symptoms, who were treated for at least one year with antipsychotics, are reported. Based on neurological consultation, structural brain imaging and Ioflupane (I-123) dopamine transporter (DAT) single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), Parkinson's disease was diagnosed in one case, idiopathic tremor in another, vascular parkinsonism in another one, while in another individual parkinsonian symptoms persisted at 12-month post-discharge follow-up even though his/her symptoms were classified as drug-induced on discharge. In four patients, parkinsonian symptoms were definitely drug-induced and no movement disturbances were reported at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the cause and outcome of parkinsonian symptoms in seniors treated with antipsychotics merit systematic and in-depth study considering the therapeutic and prognostic implications of an accurate detection of the cause of such symptoms. Familiarizing clinical psychiatrists with these differences could pave the way towards approaching seniors with severe, atypical and/or persistent parkinsonian symptoms in a more individualized diagnostic and therapeutic manner, and towards more cautious prescribing of antipsychotics in this age group.

We investigate the long-term variability of the iron K α line in the spectra of two ultracompact X-ray sources (UCXBs) with C/O-rich donors. We revisit archival observations from five different X-ray telescopes, over an ∼20-yr period. Adopting physically motivated models for the spectral continuum, we probe the long-term evolution of the source emission in a self-consistent manner enabling physical interpretation of potential variability of the primary X-ray continuum emission and/or any emission lines from reflection off the accretion disc. We find that the spectral shape and flux of the source emission (for both objects) has remained almost constant throughout all the observations, displaying only minor variability in some spectral parameters and the source flux (largest variation is an ∼25 per cent drop in the flux of Swift J1756.9-2508). We note a striking variability of the Fe K α line that fluctuates from a notable equivalent width of ∼66-100 eV in 4U 1543-624 and ∼170 eV in Swift J1756.9-2508 , to non-detections with upper limits of 2-8 eV. We argue that the disappearance of the iron line is due to the screening of the Fe K α line by the overabundant oxygen in the C/O-rich UCXBs. This effect is cancelled when oxygen becomes fully ionized in the inner disc region, resulting in the variability of the Fe K α line in an otherwise unaltered spectral shape. This finding supports earlier predictions on the consequences of H-poor, C/O-rich accretion disc on reflection-induced fluorescent lines in the spectra of UCXBs.

Context. Most ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are now thought to be powered by stellar-mass compact objects accreting at super-Eddington rates. While the discovery of evolutionary cycles have marked a breakthrough in our understanding of the accretion flow changes in the sub-Eddington regime in Galactic black hole binaries, their evidence in the super-Eddington regime has so far remained elusive. However, recent circumstantial evidence hinted at the presence of a recurrent evolutionary cycle in two archetypal ULXs: Holmberg II X-1 and NGC 5204 X-1. Aims: We aim to build on our previous work and exploit the long-term high-cadence monitoring of Swift-XRT in order to provide robust evidence of the evolutionary cycle in these two sources and investigate the main physical parameters inducing their spectral transitions. Methods: We studied the long-term evolution of both sources using hardness-intensity diagrams (HID) and by means of Lomb-Scargle periodograms and Gaussian process modelling to look for periodic variability. We also applied a physically motivated model to the combined Chandra, XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and Swift-XRT data of each of the source spectral states. Results: We robustly show that both sources follow a clear and recurrent evolutionary pattern in the HID that can be characterised by the hard ultra-luminous (HUL) and soft ultra-luminous (SUL) spectral regimes, and a third state with characteristics similar to the super-soft ultra-luminous (SSUL) state. The transitions between the soft states seem consistent with aperiodic variability, as revealed by a timing analysis of the light curve of Holmberg II X-1; albeit, further investigation is warranted. The light curve of NGC 5204 X-1 shows a stable periodicity on a longer baseline of ∼200 days, possibly associated with the duration of the evolutionary cycle. Conclusions: The similarities between both sources provide strong evidence of both systems hosting the same type of accretor and/or accretion flow geometry. We support a scenario in which the spectral changes from HUL to SUL are due to a periodic increase of the mass-transfer rate and subsequent narrowing of the opening angle of the super-critical funnel. The narrower funnel, combined with stochastic variability imprinted by the wind, might explain the rapid and aperiodic variability responsible for the SUL-SSUL spectral changes. The nature of the longer periodicity of NGC 5204 X-1 remains unclear, and robust determination of the orbital period of these sources could shed light on the nature of the periodic modulation found. Based on the similarities between the two sources, a long periodicity should be detectable in Holmberg II X-1 with future monitoring.

The language of arboreal metamorphosis in Han Kang’s The Vegetarian notonly invokes the Ovidian myth of Daphne and Apollo but also establishes apost-anthropocentric perspective according to which the irreducible materialand symbolic connections between humans and other entities are brought tolight. Drawing on the Derridean concept of carnophallogocentrism, on onehand, and on posthuman feminist scholarship, on the other, this article arguesthat the protagonist’s gradual release from her bond to Anthropos to embraceforms of plant life highlights feminist posthumanism’s attempt to explore theintricate relationships of human beings with each other and other species outsidethe parameters of anthropocentrism.

In this paper, we employ Ian Hacking’s insight that ‘‘unity’’ has a double meaning, singleness and harmonious integration, to revisit a major episode from the recent history of CERN: the UA1 and UA2 experiments in the early 1980s, which led to the discovery of the W and Z bosons. CERN is a complex institution, where diverse groups are called upon to cooperate. We argue that this lack of unity, in the first sense of the term, is counterbalanced by specific mechanisms of integration, so that CERN achieves its standing as a unified organization. The UA1/UA2 episode highlights this interplay between unity and disunity. The UA2 experiment was designed and carried out in order to confirm the validity of the results obtained by UA1. The two experimental teams, working independently and with different mentalities, built separate detectors and refrained from systematically sharing their data. This gave rise to strong antagonisms and diametrically opposed opinions over what conclusions could legitimately be drawn from the resulting data. Our analysis focuses on the mechanisms which compensated for that disunity and eventually led to a unified consensus between UA1 and UA2.

Lasithi is the easternmost regional unit on Crete Island (Greece), south of which lies the Hellenic Arc. The broader offshore study area is dominated by reverse and strike-slip faulting, while active normal faults are mapped on land. Detailed research of the latter suggests that the northern and central parts of Lasithi are affected by arc-parallel extension, whereas the southern part by arc-normal extension. The NNE-SSW striking faults are more frequent and form horst and graben or half-graben macro-structures. These faults usually consist of two or more segments accompanied by post-glacial scarps and clear evidence of recent reactivations. The E-W to ESE-WNW striking faults are scarcer and mainly observed along the southern coastal zone or offshore. Compared to the NNE-SSW strikingfaults, they present fewer active traces. Significant events in the study area include the 8th August1303 (M≈8.0) earthquake and the 1st July 2009 (Mw=6.4) earthquake that occurred south of Crete, triggering a small tsunami. A probabilistic seismic hazard assessment is performed for Lasithi. The maximum expected ground motion parameters (PGA, PGV and PGD) for mean return periods of 475and 950 years are determined using the SHARE 2013 zones and seismicity model. Greek GMPEs that consider type of faulting and soil type were applied. Optimum results are obtained through a logic-tree approach, which considers all GMPEs. The Uniform Hazard Spectrum for Agios Nikolaos, Sitia and Ierapetra are presented and compared with the elastic design spectra proposed by the Greek National Building Code and Eurocode 8.

Nickel laterites constitute a significant proportion of world nickel reserves. In Greece, LARCO GMMSA exploits the domestic laterite deposits, operating in Locris area and Euboea island (Central Greece) and in Kastoria area (Northern Greece). During the last decades, the use of remote sensing technology in geological mapping has gained significant attention worldwide. In particular, multispectral/hyperspectral imagery is one of the most widespread and standard source of data for the recognition of spatial and/or spectral patterns in mineral/ore exploration. To this purpose, the development of suitable state-of-the-art processing algorithms, either at pixel level or at sub-pixel level, is of crucial importance. In particular, spectral unmixing (SU) is currently a very powerful method that allows sub-pixel level processing in order to assess spectral information regarding different lithologies that co-exist within a pixel. The aim of SU is the decomposition of the spectral signatures of mixed pixels onto a space spanned by a set of spectral signatures (represented as vectors) corresponding to pure physical materials (endmembers). The latter are retrieved either from spectral libraries or they are extracted from the image itself by detecting the relatively “purest” pixels via suitable algorithms. The resulting decomposition coefficients are indicative of the degree of each endmember’s presence within each pixel. It should be noted here, that in contrast to other scalar-based approaches (e.g. spectral indices), SU is a vector-based processing that provides richer representational capabilities. The most widely used assumption in SU is that each pixel’s spectral signature can be written as a linear combination of the spectral signatures of its endmembers (linear mixing hypothesis). In this study, we investigate the ability of SU to reliably map FeNi laterite outcrops. The study area is the Tsouka laterite excavation in Central Greece, operated by LARCO GMMSA. More specifically, linear SU is applied to a Sentinel-2 satellite image. The dataset is atmospherically corrected, spatially resampled to 10m pixel size and subset to the excavation area. For the needs of SU, two endmembers are used, namely a laterite endmember and a non-laterite endmember. The former corresponds to the average spectral signature of selected pixels of pure laterite composition. The latter represents both the other two existing lithologies, namely Cretaceous limestones and ophiolites. The SU resulting abundance maps show that Sentinel-2 succeeds to satisfactorily map the FeNi laterite. The proposed method is fast, low-cost and non-destructive and can contribute to the research of LARCO GMMSA for new exploitable ores.

Dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is often linked to the neurobiology of depression, though the presence and type of this dysregulation is not a consistent finding. Meanwhile, significant sex differences exist regarding depression and the HPA axis. Animal models of depression simulate certain aspects of the human disease and aim to advance our knowledge regarding its neurobiology and discover new antidepressant treatments. Most animal models of depression induce a depressive-like phenotype taking advantage of stressful experimental conditions, that also increase corticosterone, the main stress hormone in rodents. In this review we present inconsistent results in male and female rodents regarding the interaction between the depressive-like behavioral phenotype and corticosterone. In commonly used models, the female depressive-like phenotype in rodents seems significantly less dependent on the stress hormone corticosterone, whereas the male behavioral response is more evident and associates with variations of corticosterone. Further research and clarification of this sex-dependent interaction will have significant ramifications on the improvement of the validity of animal models of depression.

The aim of this article is to make a case for the pertinence of a biographical approach to the history of scientific objects. I first lay out the rationale of that approach by revisiting and extending my earlier work on the topic. I consider the characteristics of scientific objects that motivate the biographical metaphor, and I indicate its virtues and limitations by bringing out the positive and negative analogies between biographies of scientific objects and ordinary biographies. I then point out various ways in which scientific objects may pass away and argue that their demise should be conceptualized as a process. Finally, I sketch the history of the concept of “ether” in nineteenth and early twentieth century physics and suggest that it lends itself particularly well to a biographical treatment. To that effect, I discuss the identity, heuristic character, and recalcitrance of the ether and examine the reasons that may have led to its passing.

Bed sharing—the sharing of a sleeping surface by parents and children—is a common, yet controversial, practice. While most research has focused on the public health aspect of this practice, much less is known regarding its effect on the marital relationship. The aim of the present study was to conduct a scoping review on the impact of parent–infant bed sharing sleeping practices on the sexual and marital relationship of couples. The qualitative synthesis of six studies on this topic suggests that overall, bed sharing does not exert a significant negative impact on family functioning; when it does, it appears to be related to incongruent parental beliefs and expectations, especially when bed sharing is not an intentional choice of sleep arrangement, and there are other confounding factors such as fatigue and psychological distress. Suggestions for future studies and clinical implications are discussed.

The discrimination of enantiomers is crucial in biochemistry. However, chiral sensing faces significant limitations due to inherently weak chiroptical signals. Nanophotonics is a promising solution to enhance sensitivity thanks to increased optical chirality maximized by strong electric and magnetic fields. Metallic and dielectric nanoparticles can separately provide electric and magnetic resonances. Here we propose their synergistic combination in hybrid metal–dielectric nanostructures to exploit their dual character for superchiral fields beyond the limits of single particles. For optimal optical chirality, in addition to maximization of the resonance strength, the resonances must spectrally coincide. Simultaneously, their electric and magnetic fields must be parallel and π/2 out of phase and spatially overlap. We demonstrate that the interplay between the strength of the resonances and these optimal conditions constrains the attainable optical chirality in resonant systems. Starting from a simple symmetric nanodimer, we derive closed-form expressions elucidating its fundamental limits of optical chirality. Building on the trade-offs of different classes of dimers, we then suggest an asymmetric dual dimer based on realistic materials. These dual nanoresonators provide strong and decoupled electric and magnetic resonances together with optimal conditions for chiral fields. Finally, we introduce more complex dual building blocks for a metasurface with a record 300-fold enhancement of local optical chirality in nanoscale gaps, enabling circular dichroism enhancement by a factor of 20. By combining analytical insight and practical designs, our results put forward hybrid resonators to increase chiral sensitivity, particularly for small molecular quantities.

This paper provides some new insights into the dual function of expressive speech acts discussed in pragmatic theory as either expressions of genuine emotions or conventionalised acts of courtesy. Drawing on the framework of interpersonal pragmatics, it analyses signs displayed on the doors of closed businesses in Athens and London during the first lockdown of the Covid-19 pandemic. These closure signs are characterised by a heavy use of relational features, including four expressive speech acts, namely greetings, apologies, thanks and wishes, which form the focus of the analysis. The relational work performed by these speech acts reflects the social changes brought about by the pandemic as well as the business owners’ attempts to retain their customers. The expressive speech acts featured on the signs are evaluated against the norms set out by the genre of closure signs. The comparative angle of the study, on the other hand, links the discussion to norms related to the display of emotions and to the use of conventionalised formulae in the two countries under study, thus revealing culture-specific perspectives on the dual function of expressive speech acts.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic presented an unexpected challenge for the surgical community in general and Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) specialists in particular. This document aims to summarize recent evidence and experts' opinion and formulate recommendations to guide the surgical community on how to best organize the recovery plan for surgical activity across different sub-specialities after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Recommendations were developed through a Delphi process for establishment of expert consensus. Domain topics were formulated and subsequently subdivided into questions pertinent to different surgical specialities following the COVID-19 crisis. Sixty-five experts from 24 countries, representing the entire EAES board, were invited. Fifty clinicians and six engineers accepted the invitation and drafted statements based on specific key questions. Anonymous voting on the statements was performed until consensus was achieved, defined by at least 70% agreement. RESULTS: A total of 92 consensus statements were formulated with regard to safe resumption of surgery across eight domains, addressing general surgery, upper GI, lower GI, bariatrics, endocrine, HPB, abdominal wall and technology/research. The statements addressed elective and emergency services across all subspecialties with specific attention to the role of MIS during the recovery plan. Eighty-four of the statements were approved during the first round of Delphi voting (91.3%) and another 8 during the following round after substantial modification, resulting in a 100% consensus. CONCLUSION: The recommendations formulated by the EAES board establish a framework for resumption of surgery following COVID-19 pandemic with particular focus on the role of MIS across surgical specialities. The statements have the potential for wide application in the clinical setting, education activities and research work across different healthcare systems.

Climate change education (CCE) fosters the skills and behavioral patterns of students in regards to climate-related challenges and risks. Despite its importance, the integration of CCE in schools is challenging due to the interdisciplinary nature of climate science and the obstacles and demands of everyday school reality. Here, we examine the case of satellite Remote Sensing (RS) for Earth Observation (EO) as an innovative tool for facilitating CCE. We focus on Greece, a country that, despite being a hot spot for climate change, shows a low level of CCE integration in schools and awareness for EO-based educational resources. Based on interviews with in-service teachers, our research reveals the following: (a) there is a high interest in how satellites depict environmental phenomena; (b) EO is considered an efficient vehicle for promoting CCE in schools because it illustrates climate change impacts most effectively; (c) local natural disasters, such as intense forest fires and floods, are more familiar to students and, thus, preferable for teaching when compared to global issues, such as the greenhouse effect and sea level rise; and (d) educators are in favor of short, hands-on, EO-based activities (also known as “activity-shots”), as the most useful material format for integrating climate change topics in their everyday teaching practice.

Climate change education (CCE) fosters the skills and behavioral patterns of students in regards to climate-related challenges and risks. Despite its importance, the integration of CCE in schools is challenging due to the interdisciplinary nature of climate science and the obstacles and demands of everyday school reality. Here, we examine the case of satellite Remote Sensing (RS) for Earth Observation (EO) as an innovative tool for facilitating CCE. We focus on Greece, a country that, despite being a hot spot for climate change, shows a low level of CCE integration in schools and awareness for EO-based educational resources. Based on interviews with in-service teachers, our research reveals the following: (a) there is a high interest in how satellites depict environmental phenomena; (b) EO is considered an efficient vehicle for promoting CCE in schools because it illustrates climate change impacts most effectively; (c) local natural disasters, such as intense forest fires and floods, are more familiar to students and, thus, preferable for teaching when compared to global issues, such as the greenhouse effect and sea level rise; and (d) educators are in favor of short, hands-on, EO-based activities (also known as “activity-shots”), as the most useful material format for integrating climate change topics in their everyday teaching practice.

We employ the extended boundary condition method (EBCM) that we properly extend so as to describe gyroelectric and gyromagnetic (i.e., gyrotropic) anisotropy and report on the electromagnetic (EM) complex resonances of magnetooptic (i.e., gyroelectric) bodies of revolution (BoRs), as well as on the complex magnetic plasmon resonances (MPRs) of ferrite (i.e., gyromagnetic) BoRs. The proposed extension is based on an alternative scheme for the expansion of the EM field inside a gyrotropic medium, namely, a discrete eigenfunction (DE) expansion in terms of spherical vector wave functions (SVWFs). This approach provides the transition matrix (namely, T-matrix) that allows not only for the direct computation of the scattered field from the incident one, but also for the determination of the complex resonances of open (i.e., situated in free space) gyrotropic BoR resonators. The EBCM is validated on two levels: first, by calculating the EM scattering from various BoRs, including anisotropic spheroids, cylinders, and rods, and comparing with HFSS commercial software; second, by computing the complex eigenfrequency spectrum of gyroelectric spheroidal resonators and comparing with a recently developed rigorous technique for the EM modeling of anisotropic spheroids.

This paper examines the impact of the European Central Bank’s unconventional monetary policy (UMP) on bank lending supply and performance in the euro area, through comparing the evolution of bank-specific variables before and after the UMP implementation. By using a dynamic panel data analysis on banks across discrete country groups (euro zone, core, peripheral) and by controlling for bank-specific and country-level variables, we provide evidence that the bank lending decisions and performance of euro zone banks are not UMP driven, implying the limited ability of the ECB to enhance the effectiveness of banks’ lending channel and to affect banks’ profitability during the crisis. Our findings also suggest that different criteria determine banks’ lending strategy before the UMP period, bank credit strategies vary across the country samples, while the weaker economies’ banks seem to underestimate the impact of liquidity risk on their lending activity.

BACKGROUND: The driving behavior of patients with mild Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is frequently characterized by errors. A genetic factor affecting cognition is apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), with carriers of APOE4 showing greater episodic memory impairment than non-carriers. However, differences in the driving performance of the two groups have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To compare driving performance in APOE4 carriers and matched non-carriers. METHODS: Fourteen APOE4 carriers and 14 non-carriers with amnestic MCI or mild ADD underwent detailed medical and neuropsychological assessment and participated in a driving simulation experiment, involving driving in moderate and high traffic volume in a rural environment. Driving measures were speed, lateral position, headway distance and their SDs, and reaction time. APOE was genotyped through plasma samples. RESULTS: Mixed two-way ANOVAs examining traffic volume and APOE4 status showed a significant effect of traffic volume on all driving variables, but a significant effect of APOE4 on speed variability only. APOE4 carriers were less variable in their speed than non-carriers; this remained significant after a Bonferroni correction. To further examine variability in the driving performance, coefficients of variation (COV) were computed. Larger headway distance COV and smaller lateral position COV were observed in high compared to moderate traffic. APOE4 carriers had smaller speed COV compared to non-carriers. CONCLUSION: The lower speed variability of APOE4 carriers in the absence of neuropsychological test differences indicates reduced speed adaptations, possibly as a compensatory strategy. Simulated driving may be a sensitive method for detecting performance differences in the absence of cognitive differences

Performance in a volleyball match is the result of a dynamic and interactive process between two teams. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of the quality of opposition on skill performance indicators. A total of 550 teams’ performances (N¼550) from 275 sets of men’s European Championship 2019 was recorded and the effectiveness of 12 parameters from 5 basic volleyball skills was analyzed. A two-step cluster analysis was performed to divide 24 teams into three quality groups (upper, middle, lower) and 6 types of match status were created according to the quality of the opponents. Binomial logistic regression showed that for each type of match, the key performance factors that discrim- inate win and loss are differentiated, while the efficacy of attack win is associated with the success almost with all contexts studied. Other significant parameters were serve aces for matches between upper-quality teams, opponent’s errors for matches between teams of different quality and avoidance of blocked attacks for balanced matches. The findings emphasize the need for coaches to plan strategies that allow players with special serving abilities to risk for an ace, to enhance the side-out skills of their team and to work detailed on attack coverage systems

It is perhaps a truism to note that ancient religion and rhetoric were closely intertwined in Greek and Roman antiquity. Religion is embedded in socio-political, legal and cultural institutions and structures, while also being influenced, or even determined, by them. Rhetoric is used to address the divine, to invoke the gods, to talk about the sacred, to express piety and to articulate, refer to, recite or explain the meaning of hymns, oaths, prayers, oracles and other religious matters and processes. The 13 contributions to this volume explore themes and topics that most succinctly describe the firm interrelation between religion and rhetoric mostly in, but not exclusively focused on, Greek and Roman antiquity, offering new, interdisciplinary insights into a great variety of aspects, from identity construction and performance to legal/political practices and a broad analytical approach to transcultural ritualistic customs. The volume also offers perceptive insights into oriental (i.e. Egyptian magic) texts and Christian literature.

Objective The current study aimed to develop a novel milk-based formulation of docetaxel, a sparingly soluble antineoplastic agent, administered so far exclusively by the intravenous route and evaluate its oral bioavailability. Methods Pre-formulation studies included the determination of docetaxel solubility in water-alcohol mixtures as well as short-term content uniformity experiments of the final formulation. The pharmacokinetic (PK) performance of the developed milk-based formulations was further evaluated in vivo in mice using ritonavir, a potent P-glycoprotein inhibitor, as an absorption enhancer of docetaxel and the marketed intravenous docetaxel formulation, Taxotere (R), as a control. Results In vivo PK results in mice showed that all the administered oral docetaxel formulations had limited absorption in the absence of ritonavir. On the contrary, ritonavir co-administration given as pre-treatment significantly enhanced oral bioavailability of both the marketed and milk-based docetaxel formulations; an even more marked increase in drug exposure was observed when ritonavir was incorporated within the docetaxel milk-based formulation. The fixed-dose combination also showed a more prolonged absorption of the drug compared to separate administrations. Conclusions The current study provides insights for the discovery of a novel milk-based formulation that could potentially serve as an alternative, non-toxic and patient-friendly carrier for an acceptable docetaxel oral chemotherapy.

Le « professeur femme » est inventé en 1881 par la toute jeune IIIe République dans le cadre d’une entreprise de large envergure visant à la laïcisation du système scolaire français. Soucieux de ne point nuire au succès d’une oeuvre si importante pour la stabilité du régime même, les républicains s’emploient à faire intégrer cet être « hermaphrodite » tenant autant du masculin que du féminin à la norme. Ainsi est façonnée une nouvelle identité féminine aussi paradoxale que complexe dans la mesure où elle concilie deux extrêmes : celui de la nonne laïque entièrement vouée à ses élèves et, par ailleurs, celui de la savante, usurpatrice d’une profession définie au masculin, indépendante certes, mais au prix du sacrifice de sa féminité.The "professeur femme" was invented in France by the Third Republic in 1881 as part of a large-scale enterprise aimed at secularizing the French school system. Anxious not to harm the success of such an important project for the stability of the regime itself, the Republicans tried to integrate to the feminine norms this "hermaphrodite" human being, which takes as much from the female as it does from the male (Madame le Professeur): first, by taking care to give it specific training as to its scientific and moral content and, in this regard, adequate to the limited knowledge that it must transmit to the future French wives and mothers entrusted to it; then, by endowing it with the qualities of chastity, dedication and self-denial that characterize a female model, "the nun", whom it is called to replace. Thus, was shaped at the end of the 19th century a new feminine identity, as paradoxical as it was complex, since it reconciled two extremes: that of the “lay nun” and, that, complementarily opposed, of a scholar, independent certainly but at the cost of denial and sacrifice of her femininity. At the crossroads of culture and gender, this study based on legislative and administrative texts, archives and French female secondary teachers’ testimonies explores the construction of a particular sexual, gender and professional identity.

The aim of this paper is to highlight issues of scientific literacy that characterize the Greek society in environmental and health issues, and the need to integrate the Teaching of Science and Biology with Health and Environmental Education. This is accomplished by the means of presentation of previous examples from the literature and through the presentation of studies of my own, as well. Thus, it is indicated that this and of course, other societies are characterized by a significant deficit in the familiarity with these matters. Next, I make a historical and personal appraisal on the evolution of the field of environmental health and genetics and try to make some review on its history, due to having the privilege of experiencing close correlation with it almost on its birth. Lastly, it is presented, a proposal for a university course adapted to the needs of present and future teachers combined to its evaluation. The latter was made through a questionnaire and the response of 153 students of education that highly rated the course as it was shown on the Likert scale. All this reveals emphatically the need for integrating the field of Environmental Health Education to Science and Biology teaching. Keywords: course, environmental health, health education, scientific literacy

During the third all-sky survey (eRASS3), the eROSITA instrument (Predehl et al. 2021) aboard the Russian/German Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) mission (Sunyaev et al. 2021) discovered a new X-ray transient, designated as eRASSt J040515.6-745202, and located in the Magellanic Bridge at: RA(J2000)= 04:05:15.30 (61.31456 deg) DEC(J2000)= -74:51:58.1 (-74.86683 deg) with an estimated positional uncertainty of ~5" radius (incl.

eRASSU J050810.4-660653 is a new Be/X-ray binary in the LMC, which was discovered during the beginning of the first all-sky survey of the eROSITA instrument on board the Russian/German Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) mission (ATel#13609).

Rapid advances in next-generation sequencing technology, particularly whole exome sequencing andwhole genome sequencing, have greatly affected our understanding of genetic variation underlying raregenetic diseases. Herein, we describe ethical principles of guiding consent and sharing of genomics researchdata. We also discuss ethical dilemmas in rare diseases research and patient recruitment policiesand address bioethical and societal aspects influencing the ethical framework for genetic testing. Moreover,we focus on addressing ethical issues surrounding research in low- and middle-income countries.Overall, this perspective aims to address key aspects and issues for building proper ethical frameworks,when conducting research involving genomics data with a particular emphasis on rare diseases and geneticstesting.

The anhydrosugars levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan have been regarded a suitable molecular indicator of natural biomass combustion. Here we evaluate the summed anhydrosugars (SAS) as paleofire indicator in a 6000 year-long fossil core from Agios Floros fen, Peloponnese, Greece, by analyzing charcoal fragments in parallel throughout the sediment sequence. Modern surface soil samples from the same region were analysed for presence of SAS, confirming the biomarker as an indicator of recent fire activity. The highest SAS concentrations in the fossil core were found in sections representing periods of wet conditions both on local and regional scale, and regionally widespread arboreal vegetation. Low or absence of SAS in the fossil core is associated with periods of dryness, regional dominance of non-arboreal vegetation and a fen rather than lake ecosystem at the site. Micro-charcoal fragments were generally more abundant under these conditions. This suggests that SAS yield and deposition may vary with fuel availability and fire behavior which in turn is affected by climate, local moisture and vegetation type. Forest fires result in more SAS compared to grass fires. SAS yield is also favored by low-temperature fires sustained under wet climate conditions. Preservation of SAS is likely to be compromised in the only seasonally wet fen ecosystem under the dry and warm Mediterranean climate conditions. The moist and shallow conditions in the wetland during hot summer months are probably promoting oxidation and biodegradation of the labile SAS molecules compared to the more robust charcoal fragments. Thus, a multiproxy approach - using several proxies, both for fire, hydroclimate and vegetation change - is preferred when aiming to reconstruct past biomass burning from wetland ecosystems in a Mediterranean environment. The micro-charcoal record from Agios Floros reveals significant fire activity between 4400-2800 cal yr BP. This partly overlaps the Bronze Age period, associated with intense human environmental interaction and climate change in this area of Peloponnese, Greece.

Landslides are a critical geological phenomenon with devastating and catastrophic consequences. With the recent advancements in the geoinformation domain, landslide documentation and inventorization can be achieved with automated workflows using aerial platforms such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). As a result, ultra-high-resolution datasets are available for analysis at low operational costs. In this study, different segmentation and classification approaches were utilized for object-based landslide mapping. An integrated object-based image analysis (OBIA) workflow is presented incorporating orthophotomosaics and digital surface models (DSMs) with expert-based and machine learning (ML) algorithms. For segmentation, trial and errors tests and the Estimation of Scale Parameter 2 (ESP 2) tool were implemented for the evaluation of different scale parameters. For classification, machine learning algorithms (K- Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree and Random Forest) were assessed with the inclusion of spectral, spatial, and contextual characteristics. For the ML classification of landslide zones 60% of the reference segments have been used for training and 40% for validation of the models. The quality metrics of Precision, Recall, and F1 were implemented to evaluate the models’ performance under the different segmentation configurations. Results highlight higher performances for landslide mapping when DSM information was integrated. Hence, the configuration of spectral and DSM layers with the RF classifier resulted in the highest classification agreement with an F1 value of 0.85.

This paper presents a joint analysis of instrumental and macroseismic data regarding the 19 July 2019, Greece Mw5.1 earthquake occurred west of Athens. This earthquake ruptured a blind, south-dipping normal fault, 23 km WNW of the center of Athens, while its relocated epicentre lies in close vicinity to the one of the 1999 Mw6.0 earthquake. The maximum macroseismic intensity of the 2019 mainshock reached IEMS98 = 7.5. Scarce damage and intensities up to 5–6 were reported in the epicentral area. Higher intensities were observed at larger distances, 12–15 km east and ESE of the epicentre, alongside the banks of Kifissos River, likely related to ground motion amplification due to soft alluvial formations. Similar selectivity of increased ground motions to the east of the epicentre with respect to other azimuths, also observed during the 1981 and 1999 earthquakes, supports eastward rupture directivity of the 2019 mainshock, an effect that is possibly common for the region’s fault system. Damping of seismic effects was observed east of Aegaleo Mountain, a structure suggested to impose a stopping phase in the time histories of the 1999 and 2019 earthquakes (Fig. A1).

Basal progenitors (BPs), including intermediate progenitors and basal radial glia, are generated from apical radial glia and are enriched in gyrencephalic species like humans, contributing to neuronal expansion. Shortly after generation, BPs delaminate towards the subventricular zone, where they further proliferate before differentiation. Gene expression alterations involved in BP delamination and function in humans are poorly understood. Here, we study the role of LGALS3BP, so far known as a cancer biomarker, which is a secreted protein enriched in human neural progenitors (NPCs). We show that individuals with LGALS3BP de novo variants exhibit altered local gyrification, sulcal depth, surface area and thickness in their cortex. Additionally, using cerebral organoids, human fetal tissues and mice, we show that LGALS3BP regulates the position of NPCs. Single-cell RNA-sequencing and proteomics reveal that LGALS3BP-mediated mechanisms involve the extracellular matrix in NPCs' anchoring and migration within the human brain. We propose that its temporal expression influences NPCs' delamination, corticogenesis and gyrification extrinsically.

Context. Supergiant fast X-ray transients (SFXTs) are a peculiar class of supergiant high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) systems characterised by extreme variability in the X-ray domain. In current models, this is mainly attributed to the clumpy nature of the stellar wind coupled with gating mechanisms involving the spin and magnetic field of the neutron star. Aims: We studied the X-ray properties of the supergiant HMXB XMMU J053108.3-690923 in the Large Magellanic Cloud to understand its nature. Methods: We performed a detailed temporal and spectral analysis of the eROSITA and XMM-Newton data of XMMU J053108.3-690923. Results: We confirm the putative pulsations previously reported for the source with high confidence, certifying its nature as a neutron star in orbit with a supergiant companion. We identify the extremely variable nature of the source in the form of flares seen in the eROSITA light curves. The source flux exhibits a total dynamic range of more than three orders of magnitude, which confirms its nature as an SFXT, and is the first such direct evidence from a HMXB outside our Galaxy exhibiting a very high dynamic range in luminosity as well as a fast flaring behaviour. We detect changes in the hardness ratio during the flaring intervals where the hardness ratio reaches its minimum during the peak of the flare and increases steeply shortly afterwards. This is also supported by the results of the spectral analysis carried out at the peak and off-flare intervals. This scenario is consistent with the presence of dense structures in the supergiant wind of XMMU J053108.3-690923 where the clumpy medium becomes photoionised at the peak of the flare leading to a drop in the photo-electric absorption. Further, we provide an estimate of the clumpiness of the medium and the magnetic field of the neutron star assuming a spin equilibrium condition.

BACKGROUND: Greece has a mean age of first motherhood at 31.5 years, higher than the European average age of 29.4. Delaying conception, however, may be an important non-reversible cause of infertility. The aim of this study was to identify possible knowledge deficits regarding fertility in young adults. METHODS: This was an online survey of young adults, regarding information on intention to parenthood and knowledge on issues affecting fertility. This study was conducted from February to December 2020, aiming for a representative sample of Greek men and women aged 18 and 26 years. The questionnaire was designed by a multidisciplinary group based on the Cardiff Fertility Knowledge Scale, which contained 22 multiple-choice or Likert-scale questions. RESULTS: We obtained responses from 1875 young adults, whose mean age was 22.1 years. About 91.8{%} of men and 94.0{%} of women declared an intention to have children, out of which 44.0{%} wanted to have two and 29.0{%} three children. About 52.0 and 50.8{%} men and women, respectively, aimed to start a family between 31 and 35 years. Residents of rural areas and those with a lower education level more likely aimed to have children before the age of 30. The most prevalent answers for age of ideal parenthood were between 26 and 30 years for a woman and 31-35 years for a man. Smoking, alcohol consumption and sexually transmitted infections were identified as factors affecting both female and male fertility. Half of men and women, respectively, overestimated general success rates of reproductive techniques. CONCLUSION: The knowledge of fertility, particularly with regards to assisted reproductive techniques' success rates, may be overestimated as more young adults plan for having children after the age of 30.

Invisibility cloaking devices constitute a unique and potentially disruptive technology, but only if they can work over broad bandwidths for electrically-large objects. So far, the only known scheme that allows for broadband scattering cancellation from an electrically-large object is based on an active implementation where electric and magnetic sources are deployed over a surface surrounding the object, but whose 'switching on' and other characteristics need to be known (determined) a priori, before the incident wave hits the surface. However, until now, the performance (and potentially surprising) characteristics of these devices have not been thoroughly analysed computationally, ideally directly in the time domain, owing mainly to numerical accuracy issues and the computational overhead associated with simulations of electrically-large objects. Here, on the basis of a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method that is combined with a perfect (for FDTD's discretized space) implementation of the total-field/scattered-field (TFSF) interface, we present detailed, time- and frequency-domain analyses of the performance and characteristics of active cloaking devices. The proposed technique guarantees the isolation between scattered- and total-field regions at the numerical noise level (around -300 dB), thereby also allowing for accurate evaluations of the scattering levels from imperfect (non-ideal) active cloaks. Our results reveal several key features, not pointed out previously, such as the suppression of scattering at certain frequencies even for imperfect (time-delayed) sources on the surface of the active cloak, the broadband suppression of back-scattering even for imperfect sources and insufficiently long predetermination times, but also the sensitivity of the scheme on the accurate switching on of the active sources and on the predetermination times if broadband scattering suppression from all angles is required for the electrically-large object. © 2021 Optical Society of America.

We investigate the impact of the recent COVID-19 pandemic on the time-varying correlation between stock and bond returns. Using daily data on bond and stock returns for ten countries, covering Europe, Asia, US and Australia regions, we identify flight-to-quality episodes during the COVID-19 global pandemic crisis employing both a panel data specification and a wavelet analysis. Our empirical results demonstrate that flights occur simultaneously across countries and are not country-specific events. This finding suggests that the two largest asset classes offered diversification to investors during the recent crisis, when they actually needed it the most.

The chapter is on how to analyse classroom situations and students’ evolving conceptualisation of function as covariation at upper secondary level in authentic modelling situations involving the use of digital tools. To address this aim we take a networking perspective to develop a framework by combining Connected Working Spaces and Abstraction in Context. We privilege authentic modelling tasks utilising the potential of different models and the use of digital environments offering integrated algebraic and geometrical representations of function. Another question is how the combination of the two frameworks can help to make sense of students’ evolutions in the path from physical context to algebra. The combined analyses based on the two frameworks allow a deeper look at students’ cognitive evolution as they experience functions in a plurality of settings: physical context, geometry, measures, algebra. Connected Working Spaces allows distinguishing these settings and their connections focusing on instrumental, semiotic and discursive dimensions and their coordination in students’ work. Abstraction in Context offers concepts and expected strategies and an account of knowledge construction within and between these settings allowing to make sense of students’ progress.

The purpose of this review is, initially, to emphasize the importance of geoenvironmental education for the promotion and preservation of geological heritage and geoethical values, and based on these, to present the current situation in Greece. Geoeducation is a broader component of environmental education which aims to promote the geological heritage of a place and its geoconservation. It is a key integral tool for tackling environmental issues and therefore further assisting in sustainable development. Greece is known for its exceptional and rare natural beauty, as well as for the abundance of natural resources and its remarkable geological features. For this reason, six global geoparks have already been established in this country. However, its nature protection is mainly considered as the protection of biodiversity, while the term “geodiversity” is almost absent in Greek law. The importance of establishing a legal framework for the protection of geotopes is underlined by the fact that their promotion and rational management create opportunities for sustainable development, as well as to become quality tourist destinations (geotourism) through nature protection and education. Geodiversity can gain public attention and have a positive impact on geotopes protection. Such initiatives can not only improve the protection of geological sites, but also play an important role in their sustainable development.

Cancer is one of the world’s leading causes of human mortality, and the most prevalent type is breast cancer. However, when diagnosed early, breast cancer may be treated. In this paper, a 5-layer feed-forward neuronet model, trained by a novel fuzzy WASD (weights-and-structure-determination) algorithm, called FUZWASD, is introduced and employed to predict whether the breast cancer is benign or malignant. In general, WASD-trained neuronets are known to overcome the limitations of traditional back-propagation neuronets, including slow training speed and local minimum; however, multi-input WASD-trained neuronets with no dimension explosion weakness are few. In this work, a novel FUZWASD algorithm for training neuronets is modeled by embedding a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) in a WASD algorithm, and a multi-input FUZWASD neuronet (MI-FUZWASDN) model for classification problems with no dimension explosion weakness is proposed. The FUZWASD algorithm uses a FLC to map the input data into a specific interval that enhances the accuracy of the weights-direct-determination (WDD) method. In this way, the FUZWASD algorithm detects the optimal weights and structure of the MI-FUZWASDN using a power softplus activation function and while handling the model fitting and validation. Applications on two diagnostic breast cancer datasets validate and demonstrate the MI-FUZWASDN model’s exceptional learning and predicting performance. In addition, for the intrigued user, we have created a MATLAB kit, which is freely accessible via GitHub, to promote and support the results of this work.

Recent advances in sequencing technologies have allowed the in-depth molecular study of tumors, even at the single cell level. Sequencing efforts have uncovered a previously unappreciated heterogeneity among tumor cells, which has been postulated to be the driving force of tumor evolution and to facilitate recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. In the current study, focused on early-stage operable non-small cell lung cancer, we used tumor growth in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in mice as a fast-forward tumor evolution process to investigate the molecular characteristics of tumor cells that grow in mice, as well as the parameters that affect the grafting efficiency. We found that squamous cell carcinomas grafted significantly more efficiently compared with adenocarcinomas. Advanced stage, patient age and primary tumor size were positively correlated with grafting. Additionally, we isolated and characterized circulating tumor cells (CTC) from patients' peripheral blood and found that the presence of CTCs expressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) markers correlated with the grafting potential. Interestingly, exome sequencing of the PDX tumor identified genetic alterations in DNA repair and genome integrity genes that were under-represented in the human primary counterpart. In conclusion, through the generation of a PDX biobank of NSCLC, we identified the clinical and molecular properties of tumors that affected growth in mice.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are part of the same pathophysiological spectrum and have common genetic and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. Our aim here was to identify causative gene variants in a cohort of Greek patients with FTD, ALS and FTD-ALS, to measure levels of CSF biomarkers and to investigate genotype-phenotype/CSF biomarker associations. In this cohort of 130 patients (56 FTD, 58 ALS and 16 FTD-ALS), we performed C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion analysis, whole exome sequencing and measurement of "classical" (Abeta(42), total tau and phospho-tau) and novel (TDP-43) CSF biomarkers and plasma progranulin. Through these analyses, we identified 14 patients with C9orf72 repeat expansion and 11 patients with causative variants in other genes (three in TARDBP, three in GRN, three in VCP, one in FUS, one in SOD1). In ALS patients, we found that levels of phospho-tau were lower in C9orf72 repeat expansion and MAPT c.855C>T (p.Asp285Asp) carriers compared to non-carriers. Additionally, carriers of rare C9orf72 and APP variants had lower levels of total tau and Abeta(42), respectively. Plasma progranulin levels were decreased in patients carrying GRN pathogenic variants. This study expands the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of FTD/ALS and offers insights in possible genotypic/CSF biomarker associations

SMC X-2 is one of the brightest pulsars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC).This transient Be/X-ray pulsar with a spin period of Pspin = 2:37 s and an orbital period of Porb = 18.62 +/-0.02 days last underwent a Type-II outburst in 2015. Following its detection by MAXI, simultaneous observations were carried out by Swift, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR throughout the outburst phase extending for up to two months. The source is one of few SMC pulsars in which the propeller state was observed and a cyclotron resonance feature was detected at E ~ 27 keV. The onset of the propeller regime causes dramatic changes in the accretion state and the neutron-star magnetosphere. This serves as impetus for trying to model the observed pulse profiles in various accretion states in order to deduce the geometry of the emitting regions. For this analysis, we use the geometrical pulse-profile modeling code Polestar. This modeling effort will help us pinpoint the geometry of the emission and understand the energy and accretion changes as the source evolves past outburst and toward lower luminosity states.

PLEASE CITE AS:Kamberidou, Irene; Lagos, Katerina; Seirinidou, Vasso (2021). THE GLOBAL CONTEXT OF THE GREEK REVOLUTION: WOMEN AS AGENTS OF CHANGE. Webinar dedicated to the Bicentennial of the Greek Revolution (1821-2021). The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), in collaboration with California State University, Sacramento (CSUS) California, 26/11/2021.Presentations on YouTube: https://youtu.be/1p19Px3Nb6w Also in: Pergamos. https://pergamos.lib.uoa.gr/uoa/dl/object/2967407     --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  This webinar is dedicated to the BICENTENNIAL OF THE GREEK REVOLUTION (1821-2021): The Sociology Studies Lab and the Theoretical and Social Studies Department at the School of Physical Education and Sport Science of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), in collaboration with the Hellenic Studies Program and History Department at California State University, Sacramento (CSUS) California, seek to initiate discussions and activities that include women’s contributions.           In thinking across disciplines, our first webinar seeks to explore, inspire, and promote interdisciplinary exchange, discussions, and collaborations on the unknown aspects of the Greek War of independence (including the pre and post revolution period), in addition to women’s firsthand accounts, revealing experiences hidden from history.    Live streaming–YouTube: https://youtu.be/1p19Px3Nb6w  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROGRAM 18.30-19.00 Intro – overview: Professor Dr. Irene Kamberidou Official opening and welcoming address:  §  Professor Dr. Konstantinos Karteroliotis, Dean of the School of Physical Education and Sport Science (SPESS) of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)§  Professor Dr. Nikolaos Patsantaras Director of the Theoretical and Social Studies Department at the SPESS of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA). Featured speakers: 19.00-19.20 Professor Dr. Katerina Lagos, Director and Coordinator of the Hellenic Studies Program, Department of History, California State University Sacramento (CSUS) California: “The Global Context of the Greek Revolution” 19.20-19.40 Professor Dr. Irene Kamberidou, Director of the Sociology Studies Lab at the SPESS (NKUA): “Les Hellenes through the eyes of women travelers of the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries” 19.40-20.00 Asst. Professor Dr. Vaso Seirinidou, Department of History and Archaeology, at the School of Philosophy (NKUA):  Dealing with violence in revolutionary Greece. 20.00-21.00 Questions, discussion, collaboration proposals: Closing remarks

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic 3-dimensional network of macromolecules that provides structural support for the cells and tissues. Accumulated knowledge clearly demonstrated over the last decade that ECM plays key regulatory roles since it orchestrates cell signaling, functions, properties and morphology. Extracellularly secreted as well as cell-bound factors are among the major members of the ECM family. Proteins/glycoproteins, such as collagens, elastin, laminins and tenascins, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronan, and their cell receptors such as CD44 and integrins, responsible for cell adhesion, comprise a well-organized functional network with significant roles in health and disease. On the other hand, enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases and specific glycosidases including heparanase and hyaluronidases contribute to matrix remodeling and affect human health. Several cell processes and functions, among them cell proliferation and survival, migration, differentiation, autophagy, angiogenesis, and immunity regulation are affected by certain matrix components. Structural alterations have been also well associated with disease progression. This guide on the composition and functions of the ECM gives a broad overview of the matrisome, the major ECM macromolecules, and their interaction networks within the ECM and with the cell surface, summarizes their main structural features and their roles in tissue organization and cell functions, and emphasizes the importance of specific ECM constituents in disease development and progression as well as the advances in molecular targeting of ECM to design new therapeutic strategies.

Στο άρθρο διερευνώνται οι αντιλήψεις Υποψήφιων Εκπαιδευτικών (ΥΕ), φοιτητών/τριών του Τμ. Θεολογίας ΕΚΠΑ, για τους παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν την αυτο-αποτελεσματικότητά τους στη Πρακτική Άσκηση (ΠΑ) στο σχολείο, στο πλαίσιο της απόκτησης της Παιδαγωγικής και Διδακτικής Επάρκειας. Συμμετείχαν 83 ΥΕ, τη χρονιά 2019-20. Μελετήθηκαν ξεχωριστά τέσσερεις διαστάσεις της μεντορικής καθοδήγησης και συγκεκριμένα: α) η ποιότητα σχέσης Μέντορα και ΥΕ, β) η μεντορική υποστήριξη, γ) η διάρκεια και ο χαρακτήρας της ανατροφοδότησης, δ) η αυτονομία των ΥΕ στην επιλογή και δοκιμασία διδακτικών δραστηριοτήτων, σε συσχέτιση με τις αντιλήψεις των ΥΕ για την αποτελεσματικότητά τους στη διδασκαλία (διδακτική αυτο-αποτελεσματικότητα). Από την ανάλυση δεδομένων προκύπτει ότι η καλή σχέση και η υποστήριξη που δέχονται οι ΥΕ από τους/τις Μέντορες σχετίζεται σε ένα βαθμό θετικά με την αυτο-αποτελεσματικότητά τους στη διδασκαλία. Επίσης, όταν η ανατροφοδότηση λειτουργεί θετικά σε πρακτικό εκπαιδευτικό επίπεδο για τους/τις ΥΕ, αυτό σχετίζεται με την αυτο-αποτελεσματικότητά τους στη διδασκαλία, κάτι που δεν συμβαίνει αντίστοιχα με τη διάρκειά της. Τέλος, όσο μειώνεται η συνεισφορά των Μεντόρων Εκπαιδευτικών (ΜΕ) στην επιλογή και την εφαρμογή των διδακτικών δραστηριοτήτων των ΥΕ, τόσο περισσότερο οι ΥΕ αισθάνονται μεγαλύτερη αυτο-αποτελεσματικότητα στη διδασκαλία. Η έρευνα αναδεικνύει σημαντικά κριτήρια για τον μελλοντικό σχεδιασμό προγραμμάτων ΠΑ φοιτητών/τριών ή εκπαίδευσης Μεντόρων. 

Arguing that action research is an appropriate methodological framework in integration projects owing to the unpredictable challenges associated with the particular group of learners, this article focuses on the process ofdesigning, implementing, evaluating, and redesigning a Greek and English language program for the purposes of the“Curing the Limbo” project. It highlights crucial decisions that were made and tested with the involvement of relevantstakeholders in order to respond to the imminent communicative needs of adult refugees, leading to the goal of inclusiveintegration. The article also addresses the challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns

The detection of a high-energy neutrino from the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056 and the subsequent discovery of a neutrino excess from the same direction have strengthened the hypothesis that blazars are cosmic neutrino sources. The lack, however, of γ-ray flaring activity during the latter period challenges the standard scenario of correlated γ-ray and high-energy neutrino emission in blazars. We propose instead that TeV-PeV neutrinos are produced in coincidence with X-ray flares that are powered by proton synchrotron radiation. In this case, neutrinos are produced by photomeson interactions of protons with their own synchrotron radiation, while MeV to GeV γ-rays are the result of synchrotron-dominated electromagnetic cascades developed in the source. Using a time-dependent approach, we find that this "pure hadronic flaring" hypothesis has several interesting consequences. The X-ray flux is a good proxy for the all-flavor neutrino flux, while certain neutrino-rich X-ray flares may be dark in GeV-TeV γ-rays. Lastly, hadronic X-ray flares are accompanied by an equally bright MeV component that is detectable by proposed missions like e-ASTROGAM and AMEGO. We applied this scenario to the extreme blazar 3HSP J095507.9+355101 which has been associated with IceCube-200107A while undergoing an X-ray flare. We showed that the number of muon and anti-muon neutrinos above 100 TeV during hadronic flares can be up to ˜3-10 times higher than the expected number in standard leptohadronic models. Still, frequent hadronic flaring activity is necessary for explaining the detected neutrino event IceCube-200107A.

The detection of a high-energy neutrino from the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056 and the subsequent discovery of a neutrino excess from the same direction have strengthened the hypothesis that blazars are cosmic neutrino sources. The lack, however, of γ-ray flaring activity during the latter period challenges the standard scenario of correlated γ-ray and high-energy neutrino emission in blazars. We propose instead that TeV-PeV neutrinos are produced in coincidence with X-ray flares that are powered by proton synchrotron radiation. In this case, neutrinos are produced by photomeson interactions of protons with their own synchrotron radiation, while MeV to GeV γ-rays are the result of synchrotron-dominated electromagnetic cascades developed in the source. Using a time-dependent approach, we find that this "pure hadronic flaring" hypothesis has several interesting consequences. The X-ray flux is a good proxy for the all-flavor neutrino flux, while certain neutrino-rich X-ray flares may be dark in GeV-TeV γ-rays. Lastly, hadronic X-ray flares are accompanied by an equally bright MeV component that is detectable by proposed missions like e-ASTROGAM and AMEGO. We applied this scenario to the extreme blazar 3HSP J095507.9+355101 which has been associated with IceCube-200107A while undergoing an X-ray flare. We showed that the number of muon and anti-muon neutrinos above 100 TeV during hadronic flares can be up to ∼3-10 times higher than the expected number in standard leptohadronic models. Still, frequent hadronic flaring activity is necessary for explaining the detected neutrino event IceCube-200107A.

The existence of a calendar anomaly in stock market returns, namely the Halloween Effect, was corroborated by Bouman & Jacobsen (2002). They claimed that returns during May to October are extremely affected by this phenomenon, and hence are lower in comparison with the respective of November to April. This paper investigates the existence of this anomaly in the field of mutual funds for the period 2008-2017. We provide evidence of a robust Halloween effect in the European equity mutual funds market. This effect still exists even after controlling for other seasonal anomalies and dividing our sample according to the size of the funds. Since this calendar anomaly is both statistically and economically significant, we show that an investment based on such seasonal anomaly can be more profitable and effective than the Buy & Hold Strategy without any risk increase. The significant higher returns in winter months are also resulting from close to zero or negative average returns during May to October as well as high positive returns during November to April. It is finally concluded that fund managers do not seem to believe in this anomaly, since they are not reducing their exposure to the equity markets during summer months.

If “the past is a foreign country”, then Greece’s classical past could be described – and it has been – as an ideal, as well as idyllic land, colonized by the West. This paper employs post-colonial theory combined with discussions of trauma as a historical agent in order to investigate ways in which contemporary Greek museums and archaeological sites strive to attract the colonial gaze by reclaiming ownership of the nation’s (neo)-classical past; at the same time, however, this exercise may be seen as an effort to alleviate the pains of modernity as experienced by a people who has never overcome the trauma of its separation from its famed antiquity. As a result, Greek archaeological spaces – both museums and sites – can be described as “sites of trauma”, as the placescapes where the unlived experiences of an imagined past become revived. A number of examples are discussed, including the Benaki and Acropolis Museums, as well as several clusters of antiquities preserved “in situ”, mostly within the urban grid or incorporated in buildings and other structures, such as Athenian metro stations. Such cases of incidental archaeology, the paper contends, are devised in order to suture, in the psychoanalytical sense of the term, Greek national imaginary onto the very sites where the nation experienced the trauma of its separation from its past.

Plasmonic metasurfaces are promising as enablers of nanoscale nonlinear optics and flat nonlinear optical components. Nonlinear optical responses of such metasurfaces are determined by the nonlinear optical properties of individual plasmonic meta-atoms. Unfortunately, no simple methods exist to determine the nonlinear optical properties (hyperpolarizabilities) of the meta-atoms hindering the design of nonlinear metasurfaces. Here, we develop the equivalent RLC circuit (resistor, inductor, capacitor) model of such meta-atoms to estimate their second-order nonlinear optical properties, that is, the first-order hyperpolarizability in the optical spectral range. In parallel, we extract from second-harmonic generation experiments the first-order hyperpolarizabilities of individual meta-atoms consisting of asymmetrically shaped (elongated) plasmonic nanoprisms, verified with detailed calculations using both nonlinear hydrodynamic-FDTD and nonlinear scattering theory. All three approaches, analytical, experimental, and computational, yield results that agree very well. Our empirical RLC model can thus be used as a simple tool to enable an efficient design of nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces. © 2020 American Chemical Society.

In this paper we attempt a critical appraisal of the relation between history of science and philosophy of science in Ian Hacking’s styles of scientific reasoning project. In our analysis, we employ a distinction between “historical philosophy of science” and “philosophical history of science”: the former aims at addressing philosophical issues, while the latter aims at telling stories about the scientific past that are informed by philosophical considerations. We argue that Hacking practices historical philosophy of science; discuss how his approach is differentiated from the so-called confrontation model; and show that he opts for a strong integration between history and philosophy of science. Finally, we discuss the historiographical implications of his approach and suggest that his aim to maintain a middle position, on the one hand, between contingency and inevitabilism, and, on the other, between internalism and externalism in the explanation of the stability of scientific knowledge, is compromised by his philosophical commitments.

In Greece, the appreciation of industrial buildings is relatively recent, with the legal authorities having recognized their historical value by listing them as monuments. Nineteenth century industrial buildings can be identified as cultural monuments of the past, as well as assist in the reconstruction of urban landscapes. Additionally, individual initiatives, organized by volunteers, present the necessity for documentation through relevant research projects. The reuse of industrial buildings for cultural activities has lately become a common practice. In Athens, a large number of buildings dated to the industrial revolution and that present historical and architectural features worthy of being preserved have been recorded. Following the philosophy of smart cities, this paper presents a digital inventory of the industrial buildings located in the historical center of Athens; many of which have recently been adapted to host cultural activities. Τhe use of smart technology, by creating a digital application for smart phones, will provide access to a continuously enriched registry, via interactive maps. This initiative will promote the buildings’ past and present use and, moreover, the creative concept of their multiple functions. The suggested model of cultural management is applicable to every industrial building in Athens.

Radiolabeled magnetic nanoparticles are promising candidates as dual-modality-contrast-agents (DMCA) for diagnostic applications. The immunocompatibility of a new DMCA is a prerequisite for subsequent in vivo applications. Here, a new DMCA, namely Fe3O4 nanoparticles radiolabeled with Ga-68, is subjected to immunocompatibility tests both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro immunocompatibility of the DMCA relied on incubation with donated human WBCs and PLTs (five healthy individuals). Optical microscopy (OM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed for the investigation of the morphological characteristics of WBCs and PLTs. A standard hematology analyzer (HA) provided information on complete blood count. The in vivo immunocompatibility of the DMCA was assessed through its biodistribution among the basic organs of the mononuclear phagocyte system in normal and immunodeficient mice (nine in each group). In addition, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data were acquired in normal mice (three). The combined OM, AFM and HA in vitro data showed that although the DMCA promoted noticeable activation of WBCs and PLTs, neither degradation nor clustering were observed. The in vivo data showed no difference of the DMCA biodistribution between the normal and immunodeficient mice, while the MRI data prove the efficacy of the particular DMCA when compared to the non-radiolabeled, parent CA. The combined in vitro and in vivo data prove that the particular DMCA is a promising candidate for future in vivo applications.

Purpose: Because of the 2008 global financial crisis aftermaths, economic downturn and prolonged recession, several OECD countries have adopted an austerity compound by significantly reducing public health expenditure (PHE) for dealing with their fiscal pressure and sovereign-debt challenges. Against this backdrop, this study aims to examine the responsiveness of PHE to macro-fiscal determinants, demography, as well to private health insurance (PHI) financing. Design/methodology/approach: The authors gather annual panel data from four international organizations databases for the total of OECD countries from a period lasting from 2000 to 2017. The authors apply static and dynamic econometric methodology to deal with panel data and assess the impact of several parameters on PHE. Findings: The authors’ findings indicate that gross domestic product, fiscal capacity, tax revenues and population aging have a positive effect on PHE. Further, the authors find that both unemployment rate and voluntary private health insurance financing present a negative statistically significant impact on our estimated outcome variable. Different specifications and sample periods applied in the regression models reveal how inseparably associated are PHE and OECD's economies compliance on macro-fiscal policies for offsetting public finances derailment. Practical implications: Providing more evidence on the responsiveness of PHE to several macro-fiscal drivers, it can be a helpful tool for governments to reconsider their persistence on fiscal adjustments measures and rank public health financing to the top of their political agenda. Health systems policies for meeting Universal Health Coverage (UHC) objectives, they should also take into consideration the voluntary PHI institution, especially for economies with insufficient fiscal capacity to raise public health financing. Originality/value: To the best of knowledge, the impact of unemployment and voluntary PHI funding on public health financing, apart from other macro-fiscal and demographical parameters effect, remains unnoticed in the existing published studies on the topic. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.

OBJECTIVE: To compare three-dimensional (3D) with standard two-dimensional (2D) laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) with respect to intra- and postoperative outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from 112 patients who underwent transperitoneal LPN from 2012 to 2014 by a single experienced surgeon were collected. Sixty patients (group 1) underwent conventional 2D LPN and 52 patients (group 2) 3D LPN. Perioperative patient, procedure, and tumor data were recorded. The follow-up period was 1-5 years. RESULTS: The two groups had similar patient age (p=0.834) and body mass index (p=0.141). The total laparoscopy time (LT) was shorter in group 2 (119.0 vs. 106.0 min; p=0.009). Warm ischemia times (WITs) were also shorter in group 2 (11.5 vs. 10.0 min; p=0.032). The estimated blood loss (EBL) (350.0 vs. 250.0 mL; p<0.001) and hemoglobin (Hb) decrease (1.55 vs. 1.35 g/dL; p=0.536) were lower in the 3D LPN group. Creatinine (0 vs. 0 g/dL; p=0.610) increase and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decrease (0 vs. 0 mL/min/1.73 m(2); p=0.553) did not demonstrate statistically significant differences. Duration of hospitalization (7 vs. 7 days; p=0.099) and complication rates (p=0.559) were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The new-generation 3D laparoscope has a great impact on significant LPN intraoperative parameters, mainly LT, WIT, and EBL. Hb decrease is also in favor of 3D vision, although not dramatically altered. Therefore, 3D LPN appears to be superior to conventional 2D LPNs.

The inherited mutation (R14del) in the calcium regulatory protein phospholamban (PLN) is linked to malignant ventricular arrhythmia with poor prognosis starting at adolescence. However, the underlying early mechanisms that may serve as prognostic factors remain elusive. This study generated humanized mice in which the endogenous gene was replaced with either human wild type or R14del-PLN and addressed the early molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms. R14del-PLN mice exhibited stress-induced impairment of atrioventricular conduction, and prolongation of both ventricular activation and repolarization times in association with ventricular tachyarrhythmia, originating from the right ventricle (RV). Most of these distinct electrocardiographic features were remarkably similar to those in R14del-PLN patients. Studies in isolated cardiomyocytes revealed RV-specific calcium defects, including prolonged action potential duration, depressed calcium kinetics and contractile parameters, and elevated diastolic Ca-levels. Ca-sparks were also higher although SR Ca-load was reduced. Accordingly, stress conditions induced after contractions, and inclusion of the CaMKII inhibitor KN93 reversed this proarrhythmic parameter. Compensatory responses included altered expression of key genes associated with Ca-cycling. These data suggest that R14del-PLN cardiomyopathy originates with RV-specific impairment of Ca-cycling and point to the urgent need to improve risk stratification in asymptomatic carriers to prevent fatal arrhythmias and delay cardiomyopathy onset.

In this study, we developed highly sensitive substrates for Surface-Enhanced-Raman-Scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, consisting of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) decorated by silver nanostructures using single-step Metal Assisted Chemical Etching (MACE). One-step MACE was performed on p-type Si substrates by immersion in AgNO3/HF aqueous solutions resulting in the formation of SiNWs decorated by either silver aggregates or dendrites. Specifically, dendrites were formed during SiNWs’ growth in the etchant solution, whereas aggregates were grown after the removal of the dendrites from the SiNWs in HNO3 aqueous solution and subsequent re-immersion of the specimens in a AgNO3/HF aqueous solution by adjusting the growth time to achieve the desired density of silver nanostructures. The dendrites had much larger height than the aggregates. R6G was used as analyte to test the SERS activity of the substrates prepared by the two fabrication processes. The silver aggregates showed a considerably lower limit of detection (LOD) for SERS down to a R6G concentration of 10−13 M, and much better uniformity in terms of detection in comparison with the silver dendritic structures. Enhancement factors in the range 105–1010 were calculated, demonstrating very high SERS sensitivities for analytic applications.

The ISO 15189:2012 standard section 5.9.1 requires laboratories to review results before release, considering quality control, previous results, and clinical information, if any, and to issue documented procedures about it. While laboratory result reporting is generally regarded as part of the post-analytical phase, the result release process requires a general view of the total examination process. Reviewing test results may follow with troubleshooting and test repetition, including reanalyzing an individual sample or resampling. A systematic understanding of the result release may help laboratory professionals carry out appropriate test repetition and ensure the plausibility of laboratory results. In this paper, we addressed the crucial steps in the result release process, including evaluation of sample quality, critical result notification, result reporting, and recommendations for the management of the result release, considering quality control alerts, instrument flags, warning messages, and interference indexes. Error detection tools and plausibility checks mentioned in the present paper can support the daily practice of results release

 

Some decision-making problems, i.e., multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) problems, require taking into account the attitudes of a large number of decision-makers and/or respondents. Therefore, an approach to the transformation of crisp ratings, collected from respondents, in grey interval numbers form based on the median of collected scores, i.e., ratings, is considered in this article. In this way, the simplicity of collecting respondents’ attitudes using crisp values, i.e., by applying some form of Likert scale, is combined with the advantages that can be achieved by using grey interval numbers. In this way, a grey extension of MCDA methods is obtained. The application of the proposed approach was considered in the example of evaluating the websites of tourism organizations by using several MCDA methods. Additionally, an analysis of the application of the proposed approach in the case of a large number of respondents, done in Python, is presented. The advantages of the proposed method, as well as its possible limitations, are summarized.

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder affecting millions worldwide. However, available treatment options do not fully address the disease. Whereas current antipsychotics may control psychotic symptoms, they seem notoriously ineffective in improving negative and cognitive symptoms or in preventing functional decline. As the etiology of schizophrenia eludes us, the development of valid animal models for screening new drug targets appears to be a strenuous task.Areas covered: In this review, the authors present the key concepts that validate animal models of schizophrenia, as well as the different screening approaches for novel schizophrenia treatments. The models covered are either based on major neurotransmitter systems or neurodevelopmental, immune, and genetic approaches.Expert opinion: Sadly, due to inertia, research focuses on developing 'anti-psychotics', instead of 'anti-schizophrenia' drugs that would tackle the entire syndrome of schizophrenia. Whereas no perfect model may ever exist, combining different experimental designs may enhance validity, as the over-reliance on a single model is inappropriate. Multi-model approaches incorporating vulnerability, the 'two-hit' hypothesis, and endophenotypes offer a promise for developing new strategies for schizophrenia treatment. Forward and reverse translation between preclinical and clinical research will increase the probability of success and limit failures in drug development.

{Effectiveness in the volleyball players' ability to control their postural sway during the game's actions involving contact with the floor (i.e. passing, digging) contributes to the final score. The purpose of this study was to investigate the postural stability performance of female veteran volleyball players (VVP). Sixty nine top-level female VVP were assigned to an active (N=29) and a non-active group (N=40). Due to the age range (43.7-66.7 years) of participants, they were further assigned to a younger (<51 years) and older (≥51 years) age group (Active: Younger=14

Interleukin-1 beta (IL1β) is primarily produced by monocytes in the periphery and the brain. Yet, IL1β protein levels have to date been investigated in major depressive disorder (MDD) and antidepressant response using either plasma or serum assays although with contradictory results, while mononuclear cell assays are lacking despite their extensive use in other contexts. In this pilot study, we comparatively assessed IL1β in mononuclear lysates and plasma in depressed MDD patients over treatment and healthy controls (HC). We recruited 31 consecutive adult MDD inpatients and 25 HC matched on age, sex, and BMI. Twenty-six patients completed an 8-week follow-up under treatment. IL1β was measured in both lysates and plasma in patients at baseline (T0) and at study end (T1) as well as in HC. We calculated ΔIL1β(%) for both lysates and plasma as IL1β percent changes from T0 to T1. Seventeen patients (65.4% of completers) were responders at T1 and had lower baseline BMI than non-responders (p = 0.029). Baseline IL1β from either plasma or lysates could not efficiently discriminate between depressed patients and HC, or between responders and non-responders. However, the two response groups displayed contrasting IL1β trajectories in lysates but not in plasma assays (response group by time interactions, p = 0.005 and 0.96, respectively). ΔIL1β(%) in lysates predicted response (p = 0.025, AUC = 0.81; accuracy = 84.6%) outperforming ΔIL1β(%) in plasma (p = 0.77, AUC=0.52) and was robust to adjusting for BMI. In conclusion, ΔIL1β(%) in mononuclear lysates may be a longitudinal biomarker of antidepressant response, potentially helpful in avoiding untimely switching of antidepressants, thereby warranting further investigation.

We present a dynamical study of the intermediate polar and dwarf nova cataclysmic variable GK Persei (Nova Persei 1901) based on a multisite optical spectroscopy and R-band photometry campaign. The radial velocity curve of the evolved donor star has a semi-amplitude $K_2=126.4 \pm 0.9 \, \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$ and an orbital period $P=1.996872 \pm 0.000009 \, \mathrm{d}$. We refine the projected rotational velocity of the donor star to $v_\mathrm{rot} \sin i = 52 \pm 2 \, \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$ that, together with K2, provides a donor star to white dwarf mass ratio q = M2/M1 = 0.38 ± 0.03. We also determine the orbital inclination of the system by modelling the phase-folded ellipsoidal light curve and obtain i = 67° ± 5°. The resulting dynamical masses are $M_{1}=1.03^{+0.16}_{-0.11} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ and $M_2 = 0.39^{+0.07}_{-0.06} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ at 68 per cent confidence level. The white dwarf dynamical mass is compared with estimates obtained by modelling the decline light curve of the 1901 nova event and X-ray spectroscopy. The best matching mass estimates come from the nova light curve models and an X-ray data analysis that uses the ratio between the Alfvén radius in quiescence and during dwarf nova outburst.

BACKGROUND: Allogeneic cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) exert cardioprotective effects when administered intracoronarily after reperfusion in animal models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The "no-reflow" phenomenon develops rapidly post-reperfusion and may undermine the efficacy of cell therapy, due to poor cell delivery in areas of microvascular obstruction (MVO). We hypothesized that CDC-induced cardioprotection would be enhanced by cell administration prior to reperfusion, when microvasculature is still relatively intact, to facilitate widespread cell delivery within the ischemic area. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 81 farm pigs; 55 completed the specified protocols. A dose-optimization study in infarcted pigs demonstrated that the doses of 5 million and 10 million CDCs are the maximum safe doses that can be administered intracoronarily at 5 minutes prior to and at 5 minutes post-reperfusion, respectively, without aggravating MVO. Quantification of acute cell retention by polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that cell delivery prior to reperfusion resulted in higher cardiac cell retention compared to delivery post-reperfusion. We then performed a randomized, placebo-controlled study to assess the long-term efficacy of intracoronary infusion of 5 million allogeneic CDCs, delivered at 5 minutes prior to reperfusion, in a porcine model of AMI. The CDC therapy resulted in decreased scar size, improved regional systolic function, and attenuation of adverse cardiac remodeling (manifested as preserved global systolic function, preserved end-systolic volume, and decreased interstitial fibrosis) compared to placebo at 30 days post-MI. CONCLUSIONS: Dose-optimized intracoronary infusion of allogeneic CDCs prior to reperfusion in a porcine model of AMI is feasible, safe and confers long-term benefits.

Sr isotopes are a powerful tool used for provenancing in many disciplines, but their successful application requires the availability of robust Sr baselines of potential target areas. This study presents 87Sr/86Sr signatures and Sr concentrations of water, plants and soil leachates from the Peloponnese peninsula, Greece, to establish the first comprehensive bioavailable Sr isotope baseline for this region. Additionally, this study aims to evaluate which proxy is most suitable to characterise bioavailable Sr in a geologically complex area also exposed to foreign aeolian Sr sources. Our recorded bioavailable Sr isotope signatures correspond well with the surface lithologies characteristic of the Peloponnese. Unradiogenic 87Sr/86Sr ratios and a narrow isotope range (0.70779 - 0.70955) characterise the bioavailable Sr signatures of the sedimentary deposits and more radiogenic and isotopically variable values (0.70791 - 0.72370) were measured for metamorphic and igneous rock outcrops. The differences in 87Sr/86Sr values measured between proxies of one site are comparatively low for samples from the sedimentary and igneous deposits, while the overall spread in 87Sr/86Sr values is wider for samples from metamorphic deposits. We propose to define bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr baseline ranges as the average bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr ratio of all proxies of each lithology ± its double standard deviation (x̅ ± 2σ). This results in narrow baselines for the sedimentary outcrops of 0.70832 ± 0.00053 (n=58) for clastic sediments and 0.70835 ± 0.00089 (n=29) for chemical sediments. The metamorphic deposits are characterised by wider bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr baselines of 0.70906 ± 0.00116 (n=4) and 0.71429 ± 0.01133 (n=13) for marble and schist, respectively. The bioavailable Sr baseline for igneous rock outcrops is also characterised by a comparatively wide range with 0.70950 ± 0.00259 (n=7). The wide range in inter- and intra-site specific bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr variation observed in this study emphasise the need for comprehensive multi-proxy sampling strategies within geologically-complex areas.

Can controlled motivation contribute to desired educational outcomes such as academic achievement over and above autonomous motivation? No, According to Self-Determination Theory. Yet, some recent findings have shown that controlled motivation may not fully undermine motivated behavior when autonomous motivation remains high. In this study, we tested this possibility through two different samples of more than 3000 Turkish adolescent students. Through polynomial regression and response surface analyses we found only slim evidence that high controlled motivation can predict higher grades. Instead, a consistent finding that emerged was that higher grades were expected when high levels of autonomous motivation coincided with low levels of controlled motivation rather than high levels of controlled motivation. These findings highlight the usefulness of polynomial regressions and response surface analyses to examine pertinent questions which challenge the view that controlled motivation may not be as much detrimental as self-determination theory claims to be.

The island of Kalymnos, located in the Dodecanese island complex in the SE Aegean, is known for its sponge fishing but also for its world-famous climbing fields. Indeed, the island is considered the “Mecca” of climbers. Nevertheless, Kalymnos is characterized by moderate tourist traffic and lack of tourism infrastructure. The planning and development of geotourism can be a driving force for the economic sustainability of the island. In this study, the possibility of developing the innovative and alternative form of geotourism on the island of Kalymnos is explored. Kalymnos is characterized by numerous caves and steep slopes which can be geotopes attractive to visitors. Six caverns and two climbing fields were analyzed as part of our investigation. For the quantitative assessment of the geosites three factors are considered: the potential educational use (PEU), the potential touristic use (PTU), and the degradation risk (DR). The quantitative evaluation in combination with a SWOT analysis showed that there is indeed a possibility of promotion and development of geotourism in combination with the protection of the island’s geotopes. This will give additional impetus to the economy of Kalymnos. However, the lack of awareness from local authorities and residents is evident. The need for training in matters related to the geological heritage is necessary. In this way, there will be geotourism development, contributing positively to the economic prosperity and sustainability of the island.

El presente trabajo pretende demostrar que la distancia tipológica entre las lenguas extranjeras (LE) que conoce un estudiante y la LE que quiere aprender es un factor que determina el aprendizaje del léxico de esta última. Más concretamente, diversos estudios han mostrado que, cuando las lenguas en cuestión pertenecen a la misma familia, se hace más fácil el aprendizaje del léxico en la LE que se está aprendiendo. Esto sucede porque los estudiantes que conocen otras LE de la misma rama lingüística tienden a transferir vocabulario a la LE que están  estudiando, por lo que logran mejores resultados que los que no poseen tales conocimientos. Para comprobarlo, se requieren informantes cuya lengua materna no sea románica. Por eso, sometemos a dos grupos de estudiantes griegos del mismo nivel en español (B2), pero que conocen diferentes LE, a una prueba de disponibilidad léxica con el fin de medir su competencia en vocabulario. Más específicamente, analizamos las respuestas de un grupo de aprendices griegos de español que ya conoce otra LE que no es románica (en este caso inglés), en comparación con las de otro que ya conoce una LE románica (aquí, francés o italiano) además de una no románica (inglés). Asimismo, analizamos aspectos cuantitativos y cualitativos de las respuestas en seis centros de interés. Los resultados reflejan la relación positiva entre el conocimiento de otras LE románicas y la cantidad y la variedad de respuestas arrojadas.

In this paper, we discuss spectral properties of Laplacians associated with an arbitrary smooth distribution on a compact manifold. First, we give a survey of results on generalized smooth distributions on manifolds, Riemannian structures and associated Laplacians. Then, under the assumption that the singular foliation generated by the distribution is regular, we prove that the Laplacian associated with the distribution defines an unbounded multiplier on the foliation C*-algebra. To this end, we give the construction of a parametrix.

We develop ZnO/p-Si photodetectors by ALD deposition of ZnO thin films on laser- microstructured Si, which demonstrate high sensitivity and broadband operation (UV-Vis-NIR), due to increased specific surface area of the heterojunction and increased light absorption.

In the Aegean region (Cyclades–Greece), a large part of the Island of Anafi consists of exhumed high-grade metamorphic sequences (amphibolites, serpentinites and metasediments) that have been intruded by Late Cretaceous intermediate and felsic granitoids. These correspond to I-type arc-related rocks, displaying calc-alkaline geochemical affinities. Variability in their petrographic features, mineral composition and geochemistry is assigned to differentiation processes that mostly involved plagioclase and/or K-feldspar, and to a lesser extent amphibole and biotite. Mineral chemistry and geochemical results suggest that the Anafi granitoids are highly comparable with the Late Cretaceous granitoid intrusive rocks from East Crete and Donousa island. The amphibole and zircon saturation thermometry yields relatively moderate temperature crystallization conditions ($\sim$790°C) for the intermediate granitoids and lower for the felsic granitoids ($\sim$630°C). Geobarometric calculations based upon the chemistry of magnesiohornblende, as well as the normative (Qz), (Ab) and (Or) contents clearly point to shallow intrusion conditions ($\sim$2.0–6.5 kbar), corresponding to an estimated depth of crystallization of $\sim$12 ± 4 km. The thrust sheets that overly the Palaeogene flysch in Anafi (metasediments with serpentinized peridotites, amphibolites and metabasites), constitute a subducted and metamorphosed oceanic sequence. These metamorphic units likely represent a part of the Pindos–Cycladic Blueschist Unit domain that was subducted at an earlier pre-Campanian stage. In the hydrated mantle wedge, incorporation of shallow level granitoids within metamorphic units was likely facilitated via corner flow intrusion mechanisms. Following the intrusion, the granitoid rocks were exhumed in a syn-convergent setting, along with the metamorphic thrust sheets, by continuous underplating of more external units, thus, escaping penetrative ductile deformation.

The Lavrion area corresponds to the western part of the Attic-Cycladic metamorphic belt, in the back-arc region of the active Hellenic subduction zone. Between the Eocene and the Miocene, metamorphic rocks (mainly marbles and schists) underwent several stages of metamorphism and deformation due to collision and collapse of the Cycladic belt. Exhumation during the Miocene was accommodated by the movement of a large-scale detachment fault system, which also enhanced emplacement of magmatic rocks, leading to the formation of the famous Lavrion silver deposits. The area around the mines shows the stacking of nappes, with ore deposition mainly localized within the marbles, at marble-schist contacts, below, within, or above the detachment. The Lavrion deposit comprises five genetically-related but different styles of mineralization, a feature never observed in another ore deposit elsewhere, containing the highest number of different elements of any known mining district. The local geology, tectonic, and magmatic activity were fundamental factors in determining how and when the mineralization formed. Other key factors, such as the rise and the fall of sea level, which resulted from climate change over the last million years, were also of major importance for the subsequent surface oxidation at Lavrion that created an unmatched diversity of secondary minerals. As a result, the Lavrion deposit contains 638 minerals of which Lavrion is type-locality for 23 of them, which is nearly 12% of all known species. Apart from being famous for its silver exploitation, this mining district contains more minerals than any other district on Earth.

Lavrion was an important silver mining district in the ancient world, exploited almost continuously from the fourth millennium BC. Its mining history is central to understanding the availability of silver, lead and copper in Greece and the Aegean through the Bronze age. This history is also relevant to the phenomenal rise of Athens in the 5th century BC. Our reassessment of the mineralisation and ancient mining history at Lavrion provides a clearer understanding of its capacity to generate wealth and the scale of its impact on Athens. Integration of new geochemical and geological data with existing information has produced outcomes that help address these two issues. Foremost is the contrasting character of mineralisation at the upper 'first' and lower 'third' contacts and their marked differences in silver content, spatial distribution and supergene alteration. Discovery of the concealed, bonanza mineralisation of the third contact at Kamariza, possibly early in the 5th century BC, followed about 3000 years of mining, which appears to have been largely restricted to discontinuous, low-grade mineralisation at the first contact. Undoubtedly, this later discovery had enduring impacts on Lavrion and Athens, and it most likely funded the trireme fleet, which brought victory over the Persians at Salamis in 480 BC.

To describe the molecular electronic structure of nucleic acid bases and other heterocycles, we employ the Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO) method, considering the molecular wave function as a linear combination of all valence orbitals, i.e., 2s, 2px, 2py, 2pz orbitals for C, N, and O atoms and 1s orbital for H atoms. Regarding the diagonal matrix elements (also known as on-site energies), we introduce a novel parameterization. For the non-diagonal matrix elements referring to neighboring atoms, we employ the Slater–Koster two-center interaction transfer integrals. We use Harrison-type expressions with factors slightly modified relative to the original. We compare our LCAO predictions for the ionization and excitation energies of heterocycles with those obtained from Ionization Potential Equation of Motion Coupled Cluster with Singles and Doubles (IP-EOMCCSD)/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory and Completely Normalized Equation of Motion Coupled Cluster with Singles, Doubles, and non-iterative Triples (CR-EOMCCSD(T))/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory, respectively, (vertical values), as well as with available experimental data. Similarly, we calculate the transfer integrals between subsequent base pairs, to be used for a Tight-Binding (TB) wire model description of charge transfer and transport along ideal or deformed B-DNA. Taking into account all valence orbitals, we are in the position to treat deflection from the planar geometry, e.g., DNA structural variability, a task impossible for the plane Hückel approach (i.e., using only 2pz orbitals). We show the effects of structural deformations utilizing a 20mer evolved by Molecular Dynamics.

Entretien avec Angeliki Poulou réalisé par visioconférence le 05 juin 2020, mené par Estelle Baudou et Quentin Rioual

Cite as: Kamberidou, I. (2021). “Les Hellenes” through the eyes of women travelers of the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In: The Global Context of the Greek Revolution: Women as Agents of Change: Webinar dedicated to the Bicentennial of the Greek Revolution (1821-2021). The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), in collaboration with California State University, Sacramento (CSUS) California, 26/11/2021.  Presentation on YouTube: https://youtu.be/1p19Px3Nb6w  Μόνιμη διεύθυνση (Πέργαμος): https://pergamos.lib.uoa.gr/uoa/dl/object/2967413

A rigorous time Floquet method for the calculation of scattering of electromagnetic waves by a homogeneous spherical object, characterized by a periodically varying-in-time isotropic permittivity, is presented. The method is applied to the study of Mie scattering by such a modulated dielectric particle. Our results are in excellent agreement with the quasistatic adiabatic approximation in the slow-modulation limit. At higher modulation frequencies, a remarkable spectral response, including resonant inelastic scattering and frequency conversion as well as energy transfer between the dynamic sphere and the electromagnetic field, is revealed and consistently explained.

We report the experimental realization of periodically perforated plasmonic metasurfaces capable of integrating several key functionalities, such as light-to-surface plasmon coupling, controllable beam-splitting, wavelength filtering and routing, high resolution differential wavelength measurement, and vectorial displacement sensing. The plasmonic metasurfaces operate at telecom wavelengths, at the vicinity of the eigenmode crossing points where zero group velocity is experienced, and their functionality parameters, such as sensitivity to misalignment, prong angular separation, power ratio, polarization, and bandwidth, can be adjusted by designing the boundary shape and by conveniently manipulating their alignment with the illuminating light beam. In the same context, a circular plasmonic metasurface could also serve as a vectorial displacement sensor capable of monitoring simultaneously the magnitude and direction of the displacement between its center and that of the illuminating beam. The compact, easily controllable, and all-in-one nature of our devices can enable on-chip integrated circuits with adaptable functionality for applications in sensing and optical signal processing. © 2020 American Chemical Society.

M51 ULX-7 is a an ultraluminous X-ray pulsar (ULXP) with a spin period of ~2.8 s, and orbital period of ~2 d, and a maximum luminosity that exceeds by more than 20 times the Eddington limit for a neutron star (NS). An open question about ULXPs, is if indeed the mass accretion rates are super-Eddington, or the emission is beamed due to the presence of strong optically thick outflows. Such outflows could originate from the disk and may form a narrow funnel allowing radiation to escape only towards the observer. We will discuss the temporal properties of the system based on the analysis of archival X-ray data collected by Swift/XRT and Chandra. We find that its X-ray flux modulates with a super-orbital period of ~40 d, while there appear to be epochs where the pulsar transitions to the propeller stage. Moreover, we report the discovery of periodic X-ray dips, with a period that matches the orbital period. The observable properties of M51 ULX-7 can be used to probe the mass accretion rate onto the NS and to constrain the orbital inclination of the binary. We conclude that the properties of the systems are evident of a small beaming factor and a wide funnel, thus demonstrating that strong beaming does not need to be invoked to explain the observed fluxes, and that super-Eddington accretion rates are possible for highly magnetized NSs.

Abstract Contrary to Keynes’ and Duesenberry’s consumption theories, absolute or relative income plays a minimal role in the life-cycle and in the permanent-income hypotheses. It plays an even lesser role in contemporary orthodox consumption functions which are extensions of these two theories in a rational-expectations framework. As a result, the theoretical effectiveness of fiscal policy for raising output is greatly diminished. The paper argues that Keynes’ and Duesenberry’s approaches were marginalised not because of their empirical or theoretical shortcomings, but because of emphasising the psychological and social influences on consumption patterns, and because of not employing the intertemporal utility maximising framework.

A small fraction of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with available data down to soft X-rays (~0.5 keV) has been shown to feature a spectral break in the low-energy part (~1-10 keV) of their prompt emission spectrum. The overall spectral shape is consistent with optically thin synchrotron emission from a population of particles that have cooled on a time-scale comparable to the dynamic time to energies that are still much higher than their rest-mass energy (marginally fast cooling regime). We consider a hadronic scenario and investigate if the prompt emission of these GRBs can originate from relativistic protons that radiate synchrotron in the marginally fast cooling regime. Using semi-analytical methods, we derive the source parameters, such as magnetic field strength and proton luminosity, and calculate the high-energy neutrino emission expected in this scenario. We also investigate how the emission of secondary pairs produced by photopion interactions and γγ pair production affect the broad-band photon spectrum. We support our findings with detailed numerical calculations. Strong modification of the photon spectrum below the break energy due to the synchrotron emission of secondary pairs is found, unless the bulk Lorentz factor is very large (Γ ≳ 103). Moreover, this scenario predicts unreasonably high Poynting luminosities because of the strong magnetic fields (106-107 G) that are necessary for the incomplete proton cooling. Our results strongly disfavour marginally fast cooling protons as an explanation of the low-energy spectral break in the prompt GRB spectra.

The chapter focuses on the attempts of a group of mathematics teacher educators (MTEs) to support teachers in exploiting workplace situations in their mathematics teaching. We report on MTEs’ professional learning in the context of a European-funded project which brought together 18 partners from 13 countries. In Greece, 11 MTEs (academic researchers, teachers and mentors) with different research and teacher education experiences worked with thirteen groups of practising teachers who collaborated to plan, enact and reflect on lessons aligned to the aims of the project. The project provided substantial opportunities for challenging MTEs’ professional knowledge and teacher education practice. The analysis of the discussions during a series of meetings, where design and reflection on professional development activities took place, allowed for identifying and describing MTEs’ concerns and emerging tensions. Using the construct of boundary crossing we traced shifts in MTEs’ movements across different practices indicating an interplay of research, teacher education and mathematics teaching.

In the current paper we give a persistent effort to emphasize on the clear present threat posed by Turkey’s Neo-Ottoman Islamic and revisionist role for the Geopolitical Complex of (Middle-East / Balkans / Caucasus).Furthermore, we try and make it abundantly clear that any abandonment of the Greece-Cyprus dipole of Hellenism, which is staunchly protecting Western interests over and across three continents and with such interests firmly grounded on the principles of the civil, pluralistic, European Democracy and Civilization, will deliver the most significant blow to these very Western Interests. A blow, which in fact is using as its “stabbing knife” Islamist Turkey, which has submitted and succumbed to the Organization of the “Muslim Brotherhood”, as well as to the fascist Turkish group of the “Grey Wolves”, two groups which they are both off-springs of International Fascism, work in perfect harmony together.

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma bone disease (MMBD) constitutes a common and severe complication of multiple myeloma (MM), impacting the quality of life and survival. We evaluated the clinical value of a panel of 19 miRNAs associated with osteoporosis in MMBD. METHODS: miRNAs were isolated from the plasma of 62 newly diagnosed MM patients with or without MMBD. First-strand cDNA was synthesized, and relative quantification was performed using qPCR. Lastly, we carried out extensive biostatistical analysis. RESULTS: Circulating levels of let-7b-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-17-5p, miR-214-3p, and miR-335-5p were significantly higher in the blood plasma of MM patients with MMBD compared to those without. Receiver operating characteristic curve and logistic regression analyses showed that these miRNAs could accurately predict MMBD. Furthermore, a standalone multi-miRNA-based logistic regression model exhibited the best predictive potential regarding MMBD. Two of those miRNAs also have a prognostic role in MM since survival analysis indicated that lower circulating levels of both let-7b-5p and miR-335-5p were associated with significantly worse progression-free survival, independently of the established prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Our study proposes a miRNA signature to facilitate MMBD diagnosis, especially in ambiguous cases. Moreover, we provide evidence of the prognostic role of let-7b-5p and miR-335-5p as non-invasive prognostic biomarkers in MM.

This work investigates and compares nominal expressive suffixes in Russian and Greek within the framework of Distributed Morphology. It shows that, although the suffixes under investigation share the same expressive meaning, they differ significantly in their syntactic structure, namely in the manner and place of attachment in the syntactic tree. More specifically, in both languages expressive suffixes can attach either as heads or as modifiers and, furthermore, they may occupy various syntactic positions. This illustrates that, despite their uniformity at semantic level, expressive suffixes exhibit variation with respect to their syntactic structuring both within and across languages.

We report the experimental realization of a multifunctional microscale plasmonic metasurface capable of sampling a light beam and performing five functionalities, while allowing high direct transmission and maintenance of the properties of the input light beam. The plasmonic metasurface integrates light-to-surface-plasmon coupling, two-channel wavelength demultiplexing with a channel spacing smaller than 44 nm, wavelength and polarization controllable beam splitting of a monochromatic, single polarization signal, and four-level polarization and wavelength-polarization demultiplexing in an all-in-one structure. Such a device can play a key role for on-chip adaptable integrated circuits for parallel signal processing, communications, and nondestructive sensing.

This paper introduces a 3-layer feed-forward neuronet model, trained by novel beetle antennae search weights-and-structure-determination (BASWASD) algorithm. On the one hand, the beetle antennae search (BAS) algorithm is a memetic meta-heuristic optimization algorithm capable of solving combinatorial optimization problems. On the other hand, neuronets trained by a weights-and-structure-determination (WASD) algorithm are known to resolve the shortcomings of traditional back-propagation neuronets, including slow speed of training and local minimum. Combining the BAS and WASD algorithms, a novel BASWASD algorithm is created for training neuronets, and a multi-input BASWASD neuronet (MI-BASWASDN) model is introduced. Using a power sigmoid activation function and while managing the model fitting and validation, the BASWASD algorithm finds the optimal weights and structure of the MI-BASWASDN. Four financial datasets, taken from the European Central Bank publications, validate and demonstrate the MI-BASWASDN model’s outstanding learning and predicting performance. Also included is a comparison of the MI-BASWASDN model to three other well-performing neural network models, as well as a MATLAB kit that is publicly available on GitHub to promote and support this research.

On July 30th, 2019 IceCube detected a high-energy astrophysical muon neutrino candidate, IC-190730A with a 67% probability of astrophysical origin. The flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) PKS 1502 +106 is in the error circle of the neutrino. Motivated by this observation, we study PKS 1502+106 as a possible source of IC-190730A. PKS 1502+106 was in a quiet state in terms of UV/optical/X-ray/γ-ray flux at the time of the neutrino alert, we therefore model the expected neutrino emission from the source during its average long-term state, and investigate whether the emission of IC-190730A as a result of the quiet long-term emission of PKS 1502+106 is plausible. We analyse UV/optical and X-ray data and collect additional observations from the literature to construct the multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution of PKS 1502+106. We perform leptohadronic modelling of the multi-wavelength emission of the source and determine the most plausible emission scenarios and the maximum expected accompanying neutrino flux. A model in which the multi-wavelength emission of PKS 1502+106 originates beyond the broad-line region and inside the dust torus is most consistent with the observations. In this scenario, PKS 1502+106 can have produced up to of order one muon neutrino with energy exceeding 100 TeV in the lifetime of IceCube. An appealing feature of this model is that the required proton luminosity is consistent with the average required proton luminosity if blazars power the observed ultra-high-energy-cosmic-ray flux and well below the source's Eddington luminosity. If such a model is ubiquitous among FSRQs, additional neutrinos can be expected from other bright sources with energy ≳ 10 PeV.

In some islands of the Aegean, there is evidence of the occurrence of repeated rapid subsidences during the Late Holocene. In this paper, the shape of tidal notches that may be well-preserved underwater is recalled in order to reconstruct sequences of coseismic subsidences and other relative sea-level changes, which occurred during, at least, the last few millennia. A reanalysis of the published measurements of submerged tidal notches in several islands reveals that subsidence trends in many areas of the Aegean are not continuous with gradual movement but, also, are the result of repeated coseismic vertical subsidences of some decimetres at each time. The estimated average return times are of the order of approximately some centuries to one millennium. Although the results cannot be used for short-term predictions of earthquakes, they may provide useful indications on the long-term tectonic trends that are active in the Aegean region.

Cite as:  Kefi-Chatzichamperi, E., & Kamberidou, I. (2021). THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY: WOMEN, SPORTS AND MILITARY INSTITUTIONS. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 7(3). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v7i3.3959

Long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the least understood astrophysical transients powering the high-energy universe. To date, various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the observed electromagnetic GRB emission. In this work, we show that, although different jet models may be equally successful in fitting the observed electromagnetic spectral energy distributions, the neutrino production strongly depends on the adopted emission and dissipation model. To this purpose, we compute the neutrino production for a benchmark high-luminosity GRB in the internal shock model, including a dissipative photosphere as well as three emission components, in the jet model invoking internal-collision-induced magnetic reconnection and turbulence (ICMART), in the case of a magnetic jet with gradual dissipation, and in a jet with dominant proton synchrotron radiation. We find that the expected neutrino fluence can vary up to three orders of magnitude in amplitude and peak at energies ranging from 104 to 108 GeV. For our benchmark input parameters, none of the explored GRB models is excluded by the targeted searches carried out by the IceCube and ANTARES Collaborations. However, our work highlights the potential of high-energy neutrinos of pinpointing the underlying GRB emission mechanism and the importance of relying on different jet models for unbiased stacking searches.

The environment in which the decision-making process takes place is often characterized by uncertainty and vagueness and, because of that, sometimes it is very hard to express the criteria weights with crisp numbers. Therefore, the application of the Grey System Theory, i.e., grey numbers, in this case, is very convenient when it comes to determination of the criteria weights with partially known information. Besides, the criteria weights have a significant role in the multiple criteria decision-making process. Many ordinary multiple criteria decision-making methods are adapted for using grey numbers, and this is the case in this article as well. A new grey extension of the certain multiple criteria decision-making methods for the determination of the criteria weights is proposed. Therefore, the article aims to propose a new extension of the Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) and PIvot Pairwise Relative Criteria Importance Assessment (PIPRECIA) methods adapted for group decision-making. In the proposed approach, attitudes of decision-makers are transformed into grey group attitudes, which allows taking advantage of the benefit that grey numbers provide over crisp numbers. The main advantage of the proposed approach in relation to the use of crisp numbers is the ability to conduct different analyses, i.e., considering different scenarios, such as pessimistic, optimistic, and so on. By varying the value of the whitening coefficient, different weights of the criteria can be obtained, and it should be emphasized that this approach gives the same weights as in the case of crisp numbers when the whitening coefficient has a value of 0.5. In addition, in this approach, the grey number was formed based on the median value of collected responses because it better maintains the deviation from the normal distribution of the collected responses. The application of the proposed approach was considered through two numerical illustrations, based on which appropriate conclusions were drawn.

We study magnon-mediated optical transitions in micrometer-sized axially symmetric yttrium iron garnet (YIG) particles, which act as optomagnonic cavities, by means of electromagnetic calculations, treating the magneto-optical coupling to first order in perturbation theory, in the framework of a fully dynamic approach. Such particles with engineered shape anisotropy exhibit high-quality-factor Mie resonances in the infrared part of the spectrum, with a separation of few gigahertz, which matches the typical frequencies of magnons. This allows for optical transitions mediated by spin waves, while the micrometer volume favors stronger overlap between the optical modes and the precessing magnetization. Our results predict that photon-magnon coupling strengths of tens of kilohertz could be realized with cylindrical or spheroidal particles, since mainly the reduced volume, but also shape anisotropy, can lead to strong, up to four orders of magnitude, enhancement of the coupling strengths compared to submillimeter YIG spheres.

Abstract. This study discusses the problem of the incompatibility between ethnocentric tendencies within the national Orthodox churches and the New Testament teaching on nonviolence. The three main parts outline the relevant New Testament teaching (1) in the four Gospels and the book of Acts, (2) in the Pauline epistles, and (3) in John’s Revelation. The study concludes that in the New Testament texts, there is no room for the justification of violence on the part of Christ-followers against their opponents. Quite on the contrary, the New Testament views the world as having the potential to become ecclesia, and the “other” as a possible sister or brother in Christ. Unfortunately, this fundamental New Testament teaching is often forgotten in modern-day Orthodoxy, notwithstanding its claims for unbroken continuity with the apostolic tradition. As an example, the Greek-Orthodox church oftentimes emphasizes national identity and heroism over ecclesial faith and ethos. Although understandable, such ethnocentric tendencies clearly contradict the New Testament witness and should be abandoned.

Considering the lack of effective treatments against COVID-19, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is emerging as a cost-effective approach for real-time population-wide SARS-CoV-2 monitoring. Here, we report novel molecular assays for sensitive detection and mutational/variant analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. Highly stable regions of SARS-CoV-2 RNA were identified by RNA stability analysis and targeted for the development of novel nested PCR assays. Targeted DNA sequencing (DNA-seq) was applied for the analysis and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 mutations/variants, following hexamers-based reverse transcription and nested PCR-based amplification of targeted regions. Three-dimensional (3D) structure models were generated to examine the predicted structural modification caused by genomic variants. WBE of SARS-CoV-2 revealed to be assay dependent, and significantly improved sensitivity achieved by assay combination (94%) vs. single-assay screening (30%-60%). Targeted DNA-seq allowed the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 mutations/variants in wastewater, which agreed with COVID-19 patients' sequencing data. A mutational analysis indicated the prevalence of D614G (S) and P323L (RdRP) variants, as well as of the Beta.1.1.7/alpha variant of concern, in agreement with the frequency of Beta.1.1.7/alpha variant in clinical samples of the same period of the third pandemic wave at the national level. Our assays provide an innovative cost-effective platform for real-time monitoring and early-identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants at community/population levels.

The hippocampus-prefrontal cortex circuit plays a major role in stress and in the neurobiology of depression and its treatment. Disruption of this circuit by lesioning the thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) has been shown to prevent the detrimental effects of chronic mild stress on prefrontal cortex neuroplasticity indices in male rats. However, it remains unknown whether hippocampal neurostructural response to stress is modified by RE lesion. In the present study, adult male rats were subjected to the chronic mild stress model of depression and were treated with either vehicle or an antidepressant (i.e. sertraline). Moreover, a group of animals was subjected to RE lesion before stress exposure with or without sertraline treatment. We demonstrated that chronic mild stress induced hippocampal CA1 dendritic atrophy and this was prevented by pre-stress RE lesion to the same extent that antidepressant treatment reversed it. The present findings highlight the importance of hippocampal-prefrontal cortex communication in chronic stress effects on hippocampal neuroplasticity and contribute to the elucidation of the role of RE in neurostructural changes underlying stress-driven depression and its treatment.

Decade-long monitoring of blazars at optical and infrared (OIR) wavelengths with the Small and Moderate Aperture Research Telescope System (SMARTS) in Chile and in γ-rays with the Fermi -Large Area Telescope (LAT) has enabled the systematic study of their multiwavelength long-term variability. In this work, we investigate, from a theoretical perspective, the long-term variability properties of blazar emission by introducing an observationally motivated time-dependence to four main parameters of the one-zone leptonic model: injection luminosity of relativistic electrons, strength of magnetic field, Doppler factor, and external photon field luminosity. For the first time, we use both the probability density function and the power spectral density of the 10-yr-long Fermi-LAT light curves to create variation patterns for the model parameters. Using as test beds two bright blazars from the SMARTS sample (PKS 2155-304 and 3C 273), we compute 10-yr-long OIR, X-ray, and γ-ray model light curves for different varying parameters. We compare the findings of our theoretical investigation with multiwavelength observations using various measures of variability. While no single-varying parameter simulation can explain all multiwavelength variability properties, changes in the electron luminosity and external radiation field in PKS 2155-304 and 3C 273, respectively, can account for most of them. Our results motivate future time-dependent studies with coupling between two or more physical parameters to describe the multiwavelength long-term blazar variability.

Blazars are the most extreme active galactic nuclei, having relativistic jets that are closely aligned to our line of sight. They are the most powerful persistent astrophysical sources of non-thermal electromagnetic radiation in the Universe, with spectral energy distributions (SEDs) spanning ~15 decades in energy, from radio frequencies up to high-energy γ-rays. Blazar SEDs vary both in terms of energy flux (i.e. flux variability) and spectral characteristics (i.e. color changes) on timescales ranging from minutes to years. Decade monitoring of blazars at optical and infrared (O/IR) wavelengths with the meter-class telescopes of the Small and Moderate Aperture Research Telescope System (SMARTS) in Chile and in γ-rays with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has enabled the systematic study of multi-wavelength long-term variability in blazars. In this study we investigate, from a theoretical perspective, the long-term variability properties of blazar emission by introducing an observationally motivated time-dependence to four main parameters of the one-zone leptonic model: electron injection luminosity, magnetic field strength, Doppler factor and external photon field luminosity. For the first time, we use both the probability density function (PDF) and the power spectrum density (PSD) of the observed 10 year-long Fermi-LAT light curves to create fake γ-ray light curves and variation patterns for the model parameters in order to simulate the long-term multi-wavelength flux variability for the full time-interval of 10 years. To quantify the latter, we use standard timing tools, such as discrete correlation functions (DCFs) and fractional variabilities (FVs). Our goal is to compare the findings of our theoretical investigation with observations of two bright blazars from the SMARTS sample (PKS 2155-304 and 3C 273), and to understand the cause of the observed time lags between O/IR wavelengths and γ-rays.

The exact mechanism for the production of fast γ-ray variability in blazars remains debated. Magnetic reconnection, in which plasmoids filled with relativistic particles and magnetic fields are formed, is a viable candidate to explain the broadband electromagnetic spectrum and variability of these objects. Using state-of-the-art magnetic reconnection simulations, we generate realistic γ-ray light curves that would be observed with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. A comparison with observed γ-ray flares from flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) reveals that magnetic reconnection events lead to comparable flux levels and variability patterns, in particular, when the reconnection layer is slightly misaligned with the line of sight. Emission from fast plasmoids moving close to the line of sight could explain the fast variability on the timescales of minutes for which evidence has been found in observations of FSRQs. Our results motivate improvements in existing radiative transfer simulations as well as dedicated searches for fast variability as evidence for magnetic reconnection events.