Publications by Year: 2013

Nerium oleander (oleander) is a very desirable ornamental, widely diffused throughout the Mediterranean region that exhibits a prolonged flowering period during the dry season. The structure of white, pink and red petals of single flowers of N. oleander was examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The petals consist of one layered adaxial epidermis with conical-papillate cells, a mesophyll with loosely arranged cells and large intercellular spaces, and one layered abaxial epidermis with cuboid cells. The adaxial and the abaxial epidermises of petals are further ornamented by wrinkled reliefs, which increase the cell surface area. Roughness of the extracellular relief varies between adaxial and abaxial surfaces of white and red petals; the opposite holds true for the pink petals of the wild plants of N. oleander. Roughness was linearly correlated with vertical distance, and surface distance was linearly correlated with horizontal distance of the reliefs. Micromophology of petals of N. oleander revealed submicron features that may be particularly important for the performance of the nectarless flowers under ambient conditions, affecting energy exchange with the surrounding environment and adhesive properties of pink flowers during a seven-day flower life-span, and white and red flowers during a five-day life-span.

We consider a Markovian clearing queueing system, where the customers are accumulated according to a Poisson arrival process and the server removes all present customers at the completion epochs of exponential service cycles. This system may represent the visits of a transportation facility with unlimited capacity at a certain station. The system evolves in an alternating environment that influences the arrival and the service rates. We assume that the arriving customers decide whether to join the system or balk, based on a natural linear reward-cost structure. We study the balking behavior of the customers and derive the corresponding Nash equilibrium strategies under various levels of information.

The Sparta Fault system is a major structure approximately 64 km long that bounds the eastern flank of the Taygetos Mountain front (2407 m) and shapes the present-day Sparta basin. It was activated in 464 B.C., devastating the city of Sparta. This fault is examined and described in terms of its geometry, segmentation, drainage pattern and post-glacial throw, emphasising how these parameters vary along strike. Qualitative analysis of long profile catchments shows a significant difference in longitudinal convexity between the central and both the south and north parts of the fault system, leading to the conclusion of varying uplift rate along strike. Catchments are sensitive in differential uplift as it is observed by the calculated differences of the steepness index ksn between the outer (ksn < 83) and central parts (121 < ksn < 138) of the Sparta Fault along strike the fault system. Based on fault throw-rates and the bedrock geology a seismic hazard map has been constructed that extracts a locality specific long-term earthquake recurrence record. Based on this map the town of Sparta would experience a destructive event similar to that in 464 B.C. approximately every 1792 ± 458 years. Since no other major earthquake M ~ 7.0 has been generated by this system since 464 B.C., a future event could be imminent. As a result, not only time-independent but also time-dependent probabilities, which incorporate the concept of the seismic cycle, have been calculated for the town of Sparta, showing a considerably higher time-dependent probability of 3.0 ± 1.5% over the next 30 years compared to the time-independent probability of 1.66%. Half of the hanging wall area of the Sparta Fault can experience intensities ≥ IX, but belongs to the lowest category of seismic risk of the national seismic building code. On view of these relatively high calculated probabilities, a reassessment of the building code might be necessary.

The objective of this paper is to study the spatial and temporal variability of the Aridity Index (AI) in Greece, per decade, during the 50-year period (1951-2000). Besides, the projected changes in ensemble mean AI between the period 1961-1990 (reference period) and the periods 2021-2050 (near future) and 2071-2100 (far future) along with the inter-model standard deviations were presented, based on the simulation results, derived from a number of Regional Climatic Models (RCMs), within the ENSEMBLE European Project. The projection of the future climate was done under SRES A1B.The climatic data used, concern monthly precipitation totals and air temperature from 28 meteorological stations (22 stations from the Hellenic National Meteorological Service and 6 stations from neighboring countries, taken from the Monthly Climatic Data for the World). The estimation of the AI was carried out based on the potential evapotranspiration (PET) defined by Thornthwaite (1948). The data processing was done by the application of the statistical package R-project and the Geographical Information Systems (GIS).The results of the analysis showed that, within the examined period (1951-2000), a progressive shift from the "humid" class, which characterized the wider area of Greece, towards the "sub-humid" and "semi-arid" classes appeared in the eastern Crete Island, the Cyclades complex, the Evia and Attica, that is mainly the eastern Greece. The most significant change appears during the period 1991-2000. The future projections at the end of twentieth century, using ensemble mean simulations from 8 RCMs, show that drier conditions are expected to establish in regions of Greece (Attica, eastern continental Greece, Cyclades, Dodecanese, eastern Crete Island and northern Aegean). The inter-model standard deviation over these regions ranges from 0.02 to 0.05 against high values (0.09-0.15) illustrated in western mountainous continental Greece, during 2021-2050. Higher values of inter-model standard deviation appear in the 2071-2100 ranging from 0.02 to 0.10 reaching even 0.50 over mountainous regions of the country. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Using first-principles methods based on density-functional theory, we investigate the spin relaxation in W(001) ultrathin films. Within the framework of the Elliott-Yafet theory, we calculate the spin mixing of the Bloch states and we explicitly consider spin-flip scattering off self-adatoms. At small film thicknesses, we find an oscillatory behavior of the spin-mixing parameter and relaxation rate as a function of the film thickness, which we trace back to surface-state properties. We also analyze the Rashba effect experienced by the surface states and discuss its influence on the spin relaxation. Finally, we calculate the anisotropy of the spin-relaxation rate with respect to the polarization direction of the excited spin population relative to the crystallographic axes of the film. We find that the spin-relaxation rate can increase by as much as 27% when the spin polarization is directed out of plane, compared to the case when it is in plane. Our calculations are based on the multiple-scattering formalism of the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green-function method.

In contrast to the long-known fact that spin-flip hot spots, i.e., special k points on the Fermi surface showing a high spin-mixing parameter, do not occur in the bulk of monovalent (noble and alkali) metals, we found them on the surface Brillouin-zone boundary of ultrathin films of these metals. Density-functional calculations within the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green function method for ultrathin (001) oriented Cu, Ag, and Au films of 10-layer thickness show that the region around the hot spots can have a substantial contribution, e. g., 52% in Au(001), to the integrated spin-mixing parameter, that could lead to a significant enhancement of the spin-relaxation rate or spin-Hall angle in thin films. Owing to the appearance of spin-flip hot spots, a large anisotropy of the Elliott-Yafet parameter {[}50% for Au(001)] is also found in these systems. The findings are important for spintronics applications in which noble metals are frequently used and in which the dimensionality of the sample is reduced.

Aims: We have studied a mechanism for producing intrinsic broken power-law γ-ray spectra in compact sources. This is based on the principles of automatic photon quenching, according to which γ-rays are being absorbed on spontaneously produced soft photons whenever the injected luminosity in γ-rays lies above a certain critical value. Methods: We derived an analytical expression for the critical γ-ray compactness in the case of power-law injection. For the case where automatic photon quenching is relevant, we calculated analytically the emergent steady-state γ-ray spectra. We also performed numerical calculations in order to back up our analytical results. Results: We show that a spontaneously quenched power-law γ-ray spectrum obtains a photon index 3Γ/2, where Γ is the photon index of the power-law at injection. Thus, large spectral breaks of the γ-ray photon spectrum, e.g. ΔΓ ≳ 1, can be obtained by this mechanism. We also discuss additional features of this mechanism that can be tested observationally. Finally, we fit the multiwavelength spectrum of a newly discovered blazar (PKS 0447-439) by using such parameters to explain the break in the γ-ray spectrum by means of spontaneous photon quenching, under the assumption that its redshift lies in the range 0.1 < z < 0.24.

Aims: We have studied a mechanism for producing intrinsic broken power-law γ-ray spectra in compact sources. This is based on the principles of automatic photon quenching, according to which γ-rays are being absorbed on spontaneously produced soft photons whenever the injected luminosity in γ-rays lies above a certain critical value. Methods: We derived an analytical expression for the critical γ-ray compactness in the case of power-law injection. For the case where automatic photon quenching is relevant, we calculated analytically the emergent steady-state γ-ray spectra. We also performed numerical calculations in order to back up our analytical results. Results: We show that a spontaneously quenched power-law γ-ray spectrum obtains a photon index 3Γ/2, where Γ is the photon index of the power-law at injection. Thus, large spectral breaks of the γ-ray photon spectrum, e.g. ΔΓ ≳ 1, can be obtained by this mechanism. We also discuss additional features of this mechanism that can be tested observationally. Finally, we fit the multiwavelength spectrum of a newly discovered blazar (PKS 0447-439) by using such parameters to explain the break in the γ-ray spectrum by means of spontaneous photon quenching, under the assumption that its redshift lies in the range 0.1 < z < 0.24.

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to assess the colloidal stability of novel milk-based formulations. Methods: Milk-based formulations were prepared in situ by adding into milk alkaline- or ethanolic-drug solutions containing an array of drugs namely; ketoprofen, tolfenamic acid, meloxicam, tenoxicam and nimesulide, mefenamic acid, cyclosporine A, danazol and clopidogrel besylate. The produced formulations were characterized by means of dynamic lightscattering, zeta-potential studies, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy complemented with ab initio calculations and stability studies. Results: The presence of the drugs did not induce significant changes in most cases to the particle size and zeta-potential values of the emulsions pointing to the colloidal stability of these formulations. Raman spectroscopy studies revealed interactions of the drugs and the milk at the intermolecular level. Complementary analysis with ab initio calculations confirmed the experimental observations obtained by Raman spectroscopy. Finally the produced drug containing alkaline/ethanolic solutions exhibited stability over a period of up to 12 months. Conclusions: The current data demonstrate that milk is a promising drug carrier. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

The selectivity of the mixed-sandwich U(III) complexes of the type [U(η-C8H6{SiiR3-1,4} 2)(η-CpR′)] (R = Me, iPr; R′ = Me4H, Me5, Me4iPr, Me 4SiMe3, Me4Et) toward the reductive coupling of CO to form uranium-bound oxocarbons has been explored. In this context, the new U(III) mixed-sandwich complexes [U(η-C8H6{Si iPr3-1,4}2)(η-CpMe4TMS)], [U(η-C8H6{SiiPr3-1,4} 2)(η-CpMe4iPr)], [U(η-C8H 6{SiiPr3-1,4}2)(η-Cp Me4Et)], [U(η-C8H6{SiMe3-1,4} 2)(η-Cp*)], and [U(η-C8H 6{SiMe3-1,4}2)(η-CpMe4TMS)] have been prepared and structurally characterized. The reactivity toward CO is dominated by the "global" sterics around the uranium center, while selectivity for oxocarbon formation is largely regulated by the steric bulk of the CpR′ ligand. Accordingly, with excess CO [U(η-C 8H6{SiiPr3-1,4}2)(η- CpMe4TMS)] and [U(η-C8H6{Si iPr3-1,4}2)(η-CpMe4iPr)] show no reactivity, [U(η-C8H6{SiMe3-1,4} 2)(η-CpMe4TMS)] is completely selective for the formation of the ynediolate complex [U(η-C8H 6{SiMe3-1,4}2)(η-CpMe4TMS)] 2(μ-η1:η1-13C 2O2), [U(η-C8H6{SiiPr 3-1,4}2)(η-Cp*)] affords only the deltate complex [U(η-C8H6{SiiPr3-1,4} 2)(η-Cp*)]2(μ-η2: η2-C3O3), and [U(η-C8H 6{SiiPr3-1,4}2)(η-CpMe4H)] gives solely the squarate complex [U(η-C8H6{SiiPr 3-1,4}2)(η-CpMe4H)]2(μ- η2:η2-C4O4). Additionally, the squarate moiety has been removed from the uranium center in the last complex by reaction with Me3SiCl to afford the TMS ester of squaric acid, C4O2(OTMS)2. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

We report on the occurrence of strong nonreciprocal magnetochiral dichroism in helical structures of magnetic garnet spheres, which emerges as a result of the simultaneous lack of time-reversal and space-inversion symmetries, by means of rigorous full-electrodynamic calculations using the layer-multiple-scattering method. It is shown that a strong effect appears in flat band regions associated with enhanced natural and magnetic optical activity.

The Attic-Cycladic metamorphic-core complex province was formed during Miocene to recent regional back-arc extension in response to slab-rollback and gravitational collapse. The development of several metamorphic-core complexes along extensional low-angle detachment faults resulted in the exhumation of lower-plate rocks and the tectonic denudation of the upper plate that is only sparsely exposed throughout the Aegean Sea. One of these areas is in southern Syros where the tectonic configuration includes three tectonometamorphic units separated by two detachment faults. The lower-plate Cycladic Blueschist Unit underwent late Cretaceous-Eocene HP/LT metamorphism and subsequent greenschist-facies overprint during Oligo-Miocene times. The tectonically overlying greenschist-facies Upper Unit is a tectonic sliver between the Cycladic Blueschist Unit and the structurally highest unit, the Vari Unit, which is dominated by quartzofeldspathic gneisses that are affected by four distinct deformation events (D1-D4). The late Cretaceous upper greenschist-facies D1 episode is related to late Cretaceous-Eocene subduction while D2-D4 fabrics were formed in response to late Cenozoic extension and exhumation. Field relations and structural data suggest that the late Miocene brittle Vari Detachment juxtaposes both Vari Unit and Upper Unit against the Cycladic Blueschist Unit. Mylonitic rocks observed at the base of Vari Unit along the contact with Upper Unit and zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry corroborate this scenario with lower-plate Cycladic Blueschist Unit rocks recording rapid cooling at $\sim$. 8-10. Ma. In contrast, cooling ages from the Vari Unit cluster at $\sim$. 13-15. Ma, indicating rapid exhumation coeval with activity along the Livadi Detachment on the neighboring island of Tinos. These data document new evidence that Vari Unit was affected by a major middle Miocene phase of exhumation and an older semi-brittle episode, both unrelated to late Miocene detachment faulting, revealing that crustal extension occurred in multiple stages and in a protracted episodic fashion similar to other parts of the Cyclades. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Zinc ferrites, ZnFe2O4 and zinc ferrite nanoparticles substituted with indium and yttrium, Zn1-xInxFe2O4 and ZnYxFe2-xO4 (0 <= x <= 0.3), were synthesized by co-precipitation method. We have investigated the effect of composition on the cation distribution in the spinel structure, and on the magnetic properties with a view to obtain magnetic ceramics with improved properties compared to their bulk counter parts. The results of X ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the nanoscale dimensions and spinel structure of the samples. The estimated crystallite size lies within the range 4-10 nm. Additional experiments had been conducted using a scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer (SMPS) in order to measure the number size distribution of the nanoparticles. Mossbauer spectroscopy was used to investigate the cation distribution between the tetrahedral and octahedral sites and the formation of the partially inverse spinel. The study of the magnetic properties showed that the hysteresis loops do not saturate even in the presence of high magnetic fields, confirming the superparamagnetic single domain nature of the samples. The particle size and composition variations (e.g. addition of yttrium and indium) cause significant structural rearrangements which affect the magnetic behavior of these materials. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.

Cochineal is one of the most well known organic red dyes. Dactylopius coccus Costa (Dactylopiidae) is a scale insect that is used as the source of the dye known as Mexican cochineal. Although cochineal is today a natural food colorant (E120) and although it has been used in art objects (textiles and paintings) for centuries, its exact chemical consistency is not well clarified except for carminic acid which is the major component and kermesic and flavokermesic acids. Several minor components (typically less than 5% of the colouring material) remained unknown or partially studied, although their presence has been reported in numerous analytical works related to art objects. Chemical investigation of the methanol extract of the dried insects, after subsequent HPLC chromatographic separations, led to the isolation and structure elucidation of six new anthraquinones, along with the known compounds carminic acid, kermesic acid and flavokermesic acid. The new compounds formerly described as DCII and DCIII, were found to be the 2 C-glucoside of flavokermesic acid and 4-aminocarminic acid, respectively, while DCIV and DCVII were found to be the α/β C-glucofuranosides of kermesic acid, and were studied as a mixture due to equilibrium. In addition, 3 O-glucoside of flavokermesic acid (DCOFK), and 3,4-dideoxycarminic acid (DDCA) were identified. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their NMR and MS data. Finally, the new compounds were detected in silk dyed with cochineal, lake pigment and, furthermore, in historical objects of the cultural heritage (icon and textile) using LC-DAD and LC-MS. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

The objectives of this autopsy-based audit of firearm-related fatalities were to acquire data to inform policy decisions and to assess the probability of the injured arriving alive at a hospital and receiving definitive care. Evaluated variables Demographics; co-morbidities; location and intention of the injury; toxicology; types of firearms; Abbreviated Injury Scale; Injury Severity Score (ISS); transfer means and time; and location of death. Results Of a total of 370 fatalities, 85.7% were male. The median age was 38 (9–95) years. Suicides (47%) and assaults (45.1%) were the most common underlying intentions. The most seriously injured regions were the head (44.5%), thorax (25.7%), abdomen (10.7%), and spine (5.7%). Of the 370 total subjects, 4.9% had an İSS\} < 16 and 59.5% had an İSS\} ≤ 74; both groups were classified as potentially preventable deaths. The majority (84%) died at the scene, and only 9.8% left the emergency department alive for further treatment. Multivariate analyses documented that postmortem İSS\} is an independent factor that predicts the probability of the injured reaching a hospital alive and receiving definitive care. Individuals injured in greater Athens and those most seriously injured in the face, abdomen or spine had significantly greater chances of reaching a hospital alive and receiving definitive care, whereas those injured by a shotgun and the positive toxicology group were significantly less likely to. In conclusion, this study provides data to inform policy decisions, calls for a surveillance network and establishes a baseline for estimating the probability regarding the location of firearm-related deaths.

We present radial profiles and color magnitude diagrams for 18 star clusters in the central region of the neighboring irregular galaxy Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), using BVR photometric data obtained with the Inamori Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph (IMACS) mounted on the 6.5m Magellan Telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. The star clusters studied (OEi79, NGC330, H86- 135, H86-129, H86-127, H86-138, NGC306, H86-146, SOGLE220, B69 OE- SOGLE89, H86-136, H86- 145, BS259, H86-149, H86-142, H86-119, BS257, B73 or SOGLE96) are distributed over a 0.44o field centered at RA: 00h 53m 28.2s, DEC:-72o26?Ao34.5?Ao?Ao (2000) in the central bar and have been previously catalogued by Bonnato & Bica (2010), Glatt et al. (2010) and Chiosi et al. (2006). The observations obtained with IMACS have very high spatial resolution (of about 0.2 arcsec) and they are thus very well suited for studies of crowded fields. Some of the objects that had been previously classified as clusters in the aforementioned catalogues, have not been confirmed as such, by the new high resolution data. It is also noteworthy that only one of the 18 star clusters has been observed with the Hubble Space Telescope ?Ai and thus with high spatial resolution. For all of the confirmed star clusters in the sample, we have constructed radial density profiles, color magnitude and color-color diagrams. Ages were estimated using the Padova isochrones of Bressan et al. (2012), while the interstellar reddening of each cluster was estimated both from the location of the zero-age main sequence and from the color-color diagrams.

The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) is a well known laboratory for studies of High-Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs), that are prime targets to investigate the evolution of binaries and massive stars. Although the number of identified Be X-ray Binaries (BeXRBs) has increased dramatically in the last decade, only recently we started to obtain a better picture of their their spectral-type distributions, which in turn can provide us with information and constrains regarding their evolution and nature. We present results from a systematic spectroscopic campaign of HMXBs identified in Chandra and XMM-Newton surveys of the SMC, using the AAOmega/2dF spectrograph at the the Anglo-Australian Telescope. We classified 21 sources, one of which is the well known supergiant B[e] star S18 (or AzV 154). We suggest that it is the optical counterpart of the X-ray source CXOU J005409.57-724143.5, being the second supergiant X-ray binary in the SMC since 1971. The classified sources are within a wide range of five orders of X-ray luminosity, extending our census of BeXRBs to almost quiescent luminosities. A comparison of the populations of HMXBs in the SMC and the Milky Way with respect to their spectral types and orbital parameters (periods and eccentricities) shows no evidence for difference in their populations. In order to expand the sample of HMXBs we performed a systematic survey on selected active regions of the SMC. Since the optical counterparts of the HMXBs display Hα excess they can be identified through Hα imaging. Thus, we observed 16 regions with the Wide Field Imager at MPG/ESO and the MOSAIC II Imager at CTIO Blanco telescopes. The analysis of these data yields approximately 3000 identified Hα emitting stars in the most active regions of the SMC. We discuss the photometric parameters of these sources (Hα EW, broad-band optical and IR colors), and their correlation with the X-ray sources identified in the Chandra and XMM-Newton surveys.

Splenosis is a common benign condition that occurs after splenic rupture via trauma or surgery. The mechanism behind splenic cell autotransplantation begins with the splenic rupture, either from trauma or surgical removal. Splenosis is usually found incidentally and, unless symptomatic, surgical therapy is not indicated. Subcutaneous splenosis is an extremely rare form of splenosis, mostly observed in abdominal surgical scars. We report a case of subcutaneous splenosis, as well as a comprehensive review of the literature. In our case, a 43-year-old woman who had splenectomy after traumatic splenic rupture at the age of 7 years old presented for plastic reconstruction of her postoperative scar. Upon surgery, two asymptomatic subcutaneous nodules were incidentally discovered. The presence of splenic tissue was confirmed by the histological study. The nodules were not excised, as the patient was not symptomatic.

BACKGROUND: HBV subgenotype A1 is the dominant genotype A strain in Africa, with molecular characteristics differentiating it from A2, which prevails elsewhere. Outside Africa, A1 is confined to areas with migration history from Africa, including India and Latin America. The aim of this study was to reconstruct A1 phylogeny on a spatial scale in order to determine whether A1 can be used to track human migrations. METHODS: A phylogenetic comparison of A1 was established using neighbour-joining analysis of complete genomes, and the Bayesian method, implemented in BEAST, was performed on the S region of isolates from 22 countries. Migration events were estimated by ancestral state reconstruction using the criterion of parsimony. RESULTS: From the tree reconstruction, nucleotide divergence calculations and migration analysis, it was evident that Africa was the source of dispersal of A1 globally, and its dispersal to Asia and Latin America occurred at a similar time period. Strains from South Africa were the most divergent, clustering in both the African and Asian/American clades and a South African subclade was the origin of A1. The effect of the 9th to 19th century trade and slave routes on the dispersal of A1 was evident and certain unexpected findings, such as the co-clustering of Somalian and Latin American strains, and the dispersal of A1 from India to Haiti, correlated with historical evidence. CONCLUSIONS: Phylogeographic analyses of subgenotype A1 can be used to trace human migrations in and out of Africa and the plausible sites of origin and migration routes are presented.

The congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is one of the most challenging problems in pediatric orthopedics. The primary treatment goals are outlined as osteosynthesis, stabilization of the ankle mortise by fibular stabilization and lower-limb-length equalization. Despite the fact that each of the aforementioned goals is difficult to be achieved regardless the surgical option, the main biological consideration is the same: pseudarthrosis resection, biological bone bridging of the defect by stable fixation and the correction of any angular deformity. The external fixation method is suggested as valuable treatment of CPT because it can address not only pseudarthrosis but also all complex deformities associated with this condition. However, treatment of CPT is impaired with complications due to the complex nature of the disease thus failure is common. The most common of these are refracture, growth disturbance, poor foot and ankle function with stiffness. Of these, refracture is the most common and serious complication after primary healing and might result in the reestablishment of pseudarthrosis. Therefore, an effective, safe and practical treatment method that minimizes the residual challenges after healing and accomplishes the multiple goals of treatment is needed. In this article, we report a patient with CPT treated successfully with external fixation. Level of evidence IV retrospective.

The superconducting magnetoresistance effect (SMRE) observed in trilayers (TLs) consisting of a superconducting (SC) Nb interlayer and two outer ferromagnetic (FM) Ni80Fe20 and Co layers is studied. We observed that the SMRE exhibits a pronounced magnitude (R-max - R-min)/R-nor of order 45 % and 86 % for the NiFe-based and Co-based TLs, respectively. For the NiFe-based TLs, the dynamic transport behavior of the observed SMRE is presented through detailed I-V characteristics that exhibit a nonlinear character even extremely close to the critical temperature, T-c(SC). Also, the detailed evolution of the longitudinal and transverse components of the TL magnetization from close to well below T-c(SC) is presented. For the Co-based TLs, the obtained magnetization and transport data justify that a strict requisite for the observation of a pronounced SMRE across T-c(SC) is that the coercivities of the FM layers should be similar. The combined data on the NiFe-based and Co-based TLs show that across the superconducting transition the SMRE is influenced by out-of-plane stray-fields, attaining pronounced values when the respective coercive fields coincide, thus enabling the transverse magnetic coupling of the outer FM layers through the SC interlayer.

We present a process that accounts for the steep decline and plateau phase of the Swift X-Ray Telescope (XRT) light curves, vexing features of gamma-ray burst (GRB) phenomenology. This process is an integral part of the "supercritical pile" GRB model, proposed a few years ago to account for the conversion of the GRB kinetic energy into radiation with a spectral peak at E pk ~ mec 2. We compute the evolution of the relativistic blast wave (RBW) Lorentz factor Γ to show that the radiation-reaction force due to the GRB emission can produce an abrupt, small (~25%) decrease in Γ at a radius that is smaller (depending on conditions) than the deceleration radius RD . Because of this reduction, the kinematic criticality criterion of the "supercritical pile" is no longer fulfilled. Transfer of the proton energy into electrons ceases and the GRB enters abruptly the afterglow phase at a luminosity smaller by ~mp /me than that of the prompt emission. If the radius at which this slow-down occurs is significantly smaller than RD , the RBW internal energy continues to drive the RBW expansion at a constant (new) Γ and its X-ray luminosity remains constant until RD is reached, at which point it resumes its more conventional decay, thereby completing the "unexpected" XRT light curve phase. If this transition occurs at R ~= RD , the steep decline is followed by a flux decrease instead of a "plateau," consistent with the conventional afterglow declines. Besides providing an account of these peculiarities, the model suggests that the afterglow phase may in fact begin before the RBW reaches R ~= RD , thus providing novel insights into GRB phenomenology.

Context. Classical novae (CNe) represent the main class of supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs) in the central region of our neighbouring galaxy M 31. Only three confirmed novae and three SSSs have been discovered in globular clusters (GCs) of any galaxy so far, of which one nova and two SSSs (including the nova) were found in M 31 GCs. Aims: To study the SSS state of CNe we carried out a high-cadence X-ray monitoring of the M 31 central area with XMM-Newton and Chandra. This project is supplemented by regular optical monitoring programmes at various observatories. Methods: We analysed X-ray and optical monitoring data of a new transient X-ray source in the M 31 GC Bol 126, discovered serendipitously in Swift observations. Our optical data set was based on regular M 31 monitoring programmes from five different small telescopes and was reduced using a homogeneous method. Additionally, we made use of Pan-STARRS 1 data obtained during the PAndromeda survey. We extracted light curves of the source in the optical and X-rays, as well as X-ray spectra. Results: Our observations reveal that the X-ray source in Bol 126 is the third SSS in an M 31 GC and can be confirmed as the second CN in the M 31 GC system. This nova is named M31N 2010-10f. Its properties in the X-ray (high black-body temperature, short SSS phase) and optical (relatively high maximum magnitude, fast decline) regimes agree with a massive white dwarf (MWD ≳ 1.3 M⊙) in the binary system. Incorporating the data on previously found (suspected) novae in M 31 GCs we used our high-cadence X-ray monitoring observations to estimate a tentative nova rate in the M 31 GC system of 0.05 yr-1 GC-1. An optical estimate, based on the recent 10.5-year WeCAPP survey, gives a lower nova rate, which is compatible with the X-ray rate on the 95% confidence level. Conclusions: Although still based on small-number statistics, there is growing evidence that the nova rate in GCs is higher than expected from primordial binary formation and under conditions as in the field. Dynamical binary formation and/or additional accretion from the intracluster medium are possible scenarios for an increased nova rate, but observational confirmation for this enhancement has been absent, so far. Regular X-ray monitoring observations of M 31 provide a promising strategy to find these novae. Partly based on observations with XMM-Newton, an ESA Science Mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA.Tables 1-3 are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org

Following the French Language Teachers Post-graduate Program of the Hellenic Open University a considerable number of dissertations has been completed thus involving an equivalent number of supervisors. The dissimilarities of the completed dissertations seem to depend on the students' abilities and the tactics of the supervisors. This announcement aims at investigating into the established practices and process followed by both, supervisors and students, during the writing of the dissertation. The investigation was based on questionnaires and interviews addressed to students, graduates and supervisors. The results of this research are focused on the points that have received the strongest criticism by both, supervisors and students. These points divert from the mediation and evolutionary guidance during the dissertation writing (Feuerstein, Vygotsky, Bruner).

We report a new high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB), found in a Swift observation performed on 2013 October 11 as part of the monitoring of the nova LMC2012 (ObsId: 00049549004). The Swift/XRT count rate was 0.023±0.008 cts s-1, corresponding to a flux of 1.6×10-12 erg cm-2 s-1 (0.3-10 keV) and an unabsorbed luminosity of 5.1×1035 erg s-1 for LMC distance (50 kpc).

Aims: We observed the newly discovered X-ray source Swift J053041.9-665426in the X-ray and optical regime to confirm its proposed nature as a high mass X-ray binary. Methods: We obtained XMM-Newton and Swift X-ray data, along with optical observations with the ESO Faint Object Spectrograph, to investigate the spectral and temporal characteristics of Swift J053041.9-665426. Results: The XMM-Newton data show coherent X-ray pulsations with a period of 28.77521(10) s (1σ). The X-ray spectrum can be modelled by an absorbed power law with photon index within the range 0.76 to 0.87. The addition of a black body component increases the quality of the fit but also leads to strong dependences of the photon index, black-body temperature and absorption column density. We identified the only optical counterpart within the error circle of XMM-Newton at an angular distance of ~0.8'', which is 2MASS J05304215-6654303. We performed optical spectroscopy from which we classify the companion as a B0-1.5Ve star. Conclusions: The X-ray pulsations and long-term variability, as well as the properties of the optical counterpart, confirm that Swift J053041.9-665426 is a new Be/X-ray binary pulsar in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Based on observations with XMM-Newton, an ESA Science Mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member states and the USA (NASA).

Landmark studies have established taxanes in the treatment of patients with breast cancer; however, recommendations regarding their administration during pregnancy are controversial. The present systematic review aims to synthesize all available data that stem exclusively from breast cancer case series to evaluate the efficacy and safety of taxanes during pregnancy. Overall, 16 studies (50 pregnancies) were eligible for the systematic review according to prisma guidelines. The mean age of patients with breast cancer at pregnancy was 34.6 years. The gestational age (GA) at chemotherapy administration varied from 12 to 36 weeks. The mean GA at delivery was 35.9 weeks. The mean weight of babies at delivery was 2380 g. In 76.7% of cases, a completely healthy neonate was born; in the remaining cases, a neonate who was dystrophic and premature, one with mild hydrocephalus, one with signs of bacterial sepsis, one with hyperbilirubinemia, one with apnea of prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux, one with meconium-stained fluid, and another neonate with neutropenia and pyloric stenosis were reported. Ninety percent of children were completely healthy, with a median follow-up of 16 months; in the remaining cases, one child with recurrent otitis media, one with immunoglobulin A deficiency and mild constipation, and another child with delayed speech were reported. In conclusion, available data suggest that taxanes may potentially play a promising role in the optimal therapeutic strategy of patients with breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

Ce travail ambitionne à travers l’étude du cas des missions assignées par l’État français aux professeures du secondaire entre 1914 et 1918 de privilégier une vision bisexuée de l’histoire de la Grande Guerre : ces « missions » universitaires qui revêtent deux formes (mobilisation des énergies dans l’effort de guerre et délégation de professeures dans les établissements secondaires masculins) ont contribué à décloisonner des espaces d’homosociabilité, à créer aussi une nouvelle dynamique au sein des identités sexuées. L’étude, fondée sur les textes autobiographiques de deux professeures du secondaire, Jeanne Glatron et Jeanne Galzy/Baraduc, tente, à l’intersection de l’individuel et du social, de lancer une réflexion sur un moment extra-ordinaire de la condition professorale féminine ; de proposer encore, par le recours à des sources plus traditionnelles de l’histoire mais tout autant indicatrices du basculement qui s’y est produit entre 1914 et 1918, un regard pluriel sur cette expérience de femmes en guerre. Ainsi, la première partie met en valeur le vécu, les expériences, la participation active à l’effort commun, le dévouement de ces deux enseignantes mobilisées la première en zone occupée et la seconde dans un lycée de garçons du Sud de la France. La deuxième traite d’un affrontement qui évolue parallèlement à l’affrontement militaire : il oppose les deux sexes sur un autre front, celui d’une classe de garçons. De ces témoignages de civiles dans la tourmente émerge la figure de la fonctionnaire fidèle certes au service de l’ordre établi, mais transfigurée, en même temps, par la nouvelle expérience en symbole de la fluidité des identités sexuées.

Allergic diseases are common in childhood and can cause a significant morbidity and impaired quality-of-life of the children and their families. Adequate allergy testing is the prerequisite for optimal care, including allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy. Children with persisting or recurrent or severe symptoms suggestive for allergy should undergo an appropriate diagnostic work-up, irrespective of their age. Adequate allergy testing may also allow defining allergic trigger in common symptoms. We provide here evidence-based guidance on when and how to test for allergy in children based on common presenting symptoms suggestive of allergic diseases.

 This text is a brief presentation of the course, in theory and in practice, of Ahmet Davutoğlu’s views, as presented in his work Stratejik Derinlik: Türkiye’nin Uluslararası Konumu, Küre Yayınları, İstanbul 2001/2004 (18th edition) and in the corresponding partial translations of these texts by my colleague, K. Gogos (PhD in Geopolitics), as well as in the Greek published translation (Athens, Pοiotita editions, 2010). We shall present the ideological, Islamic and neo–Ottoman, background of this work, together with its main political proponents, on the level of Turkey’s political power. Moreover, we shall present the main points of the scholar’s geopolitical approach that lie in the sphere of the classic geostrategists and geopoliticians of the German and the Anglo–Saxon school. Davutoğlu is a typical example of a researcher of international affairs, characterised by significant epistemological and methodological deficits. He, too, fails to distinguish between Geopolitical Analysis, on the one hand, and Geostrategic Synthesis and suggestions, on the other. It is a fact, evident in the scholar’s reference to ethical and scientific dilemmas of social scientists. His stance is a serious blow to his overall geopolitical analysis and integrates prima facie his methodology, together with the particular work of the Turk scholar, into the geostrategic epistemological sphere of political propositions (which are undoubtedly systematic and thorough). This paper concludes with a presentation of the points, on the Subsystem level, of Davutoğlu’s geopolitical and geostrategic approach. In the light of the systemic geopolitical analysis, these points are considered geostrategically dangerous for Greece’s national interests. This text aims to trigger a deeper and fuller study and understanding of Davutoğlu’s work in the near future.

BACKGROUND: The major thiol-disulfide couple of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione is a key regulator of major transcriptional pathways regulating aseptic inflammation and recovery of skeletal muscle after aseptic injury. Antioxidant supplementation may hamper exercise-induced cellular adaptations. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine how thiol-based antioxidant supplementation affects skeletal muscle's performance and redox-sensitive signaling during the inflammatory and repair phases associated with exercise-induced microtrauma. DESIGN: In a double-blind, crossover design, 10 men received placebo or N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 20 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1)) after muscle-damaging exercise (300 eccentric contractions). In each trial, muscle performance was measured at baseline, after exercise, 2 h after exercise, and daily for 8 consecutive days. Muscle biopsy samples from vastus lateralis and blood samples were collected before exercise and 2 h, 2 d, and 8 d after exercise. RESULTS: NAC attenuated the elevation of inflammatory markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase activity, C-reactive protein, proinflammatory cytokines), nuclear factor κB phosphorylation, and the decrease in strength during the first 2 d of recovery. NAC also blunted the increase in phosphorylation of protein kinase B, mammalian target of rapamycin, p70 ribosomal S6 kinase, ribosomal protein S6, and mitogen activated protein kinase p38 at 2 and 8 d after exercise. NAC also abolished the increase in myogenic determination factor and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α 8 d after exercise. Performance was completely recovered only in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: Although thiol-based antioxidant supplementation enhances GSH availability in skeletal muscle, it disrupts the skeletal muscle inflammatory response and repair capability, potentially because of a blunted activation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01778309.

In this paper, after a short summary on the processes and rates of bioerosion that contribute to the deepening of a tidal-notch profile, some Mediterranean case-studies are presented, where a tidal notch is prevented either from forming or from being preserved. Furthermore, as shown also in a complementary paper, the recent global sea-level rise is preventing the development of new tidal notches in the present mid-littoral zone. This very useful sea-level indicator, of past temporary standstills of the relative sea level in carbonate rock areas, is of great value in assisting interpretations of relative sea-level change in locations where it is preserved. The possibilities of absence of formation or of preservation, however, imply that it should be interpreted carefully before reconstructing local relative sea-level histories. In particular, the lack of fossil tidal notches cannot be relied upon to interpret the absence of past periods of relative sea-level stabilization.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to identify crucial factors affecting the evolution of liver disease in HCV-infected renal transplant recipients. METHODS: Forty-two HCV-infected recipients with known time of HCV acquisition were followed up for a mean (SD) of 7.6 +/- 3.4 yr after transplantation with consecutive liver biopsies. Hepatitis progression was defined by: a) fibrosis progression >/= 0.2 stages/yr and/or b) development of a cholestatic syndrome. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (54.8%) displayed benign and 19 (45.2%) aggressive hepatitis progression. Hepatitis course was aggressive in 9.1% and 85% of the patients infected pre- and peri/post-transplantation, respectively (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, patients who acquired HCV infection peri- or after transplantation had an increased risk of an adverse outcome compared with those infected before transplantation (p = 0.001). HCV RNA levels at the time of first liver biopsy were lower in patients showing a benign course compared with those with aggressive evolution (p = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS: Time of acquisition of HCV infection is a major prognostic factor for hepatitis progression in the setting of renal transplantation. Immunosuppression was found to be determinant in the progression of HCV infection acquired peri- or post-transplantation. High viral load seems to be crucial in the pathogenetic process.

This meta-analysis aims to quantitatively synthesize all available data on the association between tobacco smoking and multiple myeloma (MM) risk. Eligible studies were identified and pooled effect estimates (odds ratios and relative risks) were calculated regarding ever, current and former smoking. Separate analyses were performed on case-control and cohort studies, as well as on males and females. Meta-regression analysis with percentage of males, mean age, years of smoking, pack-years, cigarettes per day, years since quit and age at onset was performed. Forty articles were deemed eligible; of them 27 used a case-control design (4,625 cases and 21,591 controls) and 13 used a cohort design (2,228 incident cases among a total cohort size equal to 1,852,763 subjects). Ever smoking was not associated with MM risk (pooled effect estimate = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85-1.00); similar results were obtained for current (pooled effect estimate = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.74-1.03) and former smoking (pooled effect estimate = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.96-1.13). Regarding ever smoking, the null association was reproducible upon cohort studies (pooled effect estimate = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.89-1.15), whereas the inverse association in case-control studies (pooled effect estimate = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78-0.96) was particularly due to the bias-prone hospital-based ones. Meta-regression analysis did not yield statistically significant results. In conclusion, MM does not seem to be associated with tobacco smoking. There is a need to further explore how molecular mechanisms are involved in the resistance of MM progenitor cells toward smoking. What's new? Tobacco smoking has been linked with many cancers but some cancers seem unaffected. To assess the effect of tobacco smoking on multiple myeloma, the authors performed a meta-analysis of 40 existing studies. They found no significant association with ever, current or former smoking. They suggest that a specific resistance mechanism protects multiple myeloma progenitor cells from the negative influence of tobacco smoking. Copyright © 2012 UICC.

Stroke is a serious and frequent cerebrovascular disease with an enormous socioeconomic burden worldwide. Stroke prevention includes treatment of carotid atherosclerosis, the most common underlying cause of stroke, according to a specific diagnostic algorithm. However, this diagnostic algorithm has proved insufficient for a large number of mostly asymptomatic subjects, which poses a significant research challenge of identifying novel personalized risk markers for the disease. This paper illustrates the potential of carotid ultrasound image analysis toward this direction, with ultrasound imaging being a low-cost and noninvasive imaging modality and ultrasound-image-based features revealing valuable information on plaque composition and stability. A concise report of state-of-the-art studies in the field is provided and a perspective for clinical scenario for optimal management of atherosclerotic patients is described. Challenges and necessary future steps toward the realization of this scenario are discussed in an attempt to urge and orient future research, and mainly include systematic applications to sufficiently large patient samples, appropriately designed longitudinal studies, confirmation with histological results, and clinical trials.

Landmark studies have established trastuzumab in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesize all available data, so as to evaluate the safety of trastuzumab during pregnancy. This study was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. All studies that examined the safety of trastuzumab administered during pregnancy, regardless of sample size, were considered eligible. Overall, 17 studies (18 pregnancies; 19 newborns) were included. In 55.6 % of cases, trastuzumab was administered in the metastatic setting. The mean duration of trastuzumab administration was 14.8 weeks. Occurrence of oligohydramnios/anhydramnios (O/A) was the most common (61.1 %) adverse event. 73.3 % of pregnancies exposed to trastuzumab during the second/third trimester were complicated with O/A; the respective rate of pregnancies exposed to trastuzumab exclusively during the first trimester was 0 % (P = 0.043). The mean GA at delivery was 33.8 weeks, and the mean weight of babies at delivery was 2,261 gr. In 52.6 % of cases, a healthy neonate was born. At the long-term evaluation, all children without problems at birth were healthy with a median follow-up of 9 months, while four out of nine children facing troubles at birth were dead within an interval ranging between birth and 5.25 months. All children exposed to trastuzumab in utero exclusively in the first trimester were completely healthy at birth. Trastuzumab should not be administered during pregnancy. However, for women who become accidentally pregnant during trastuzumab administration and wish to continue pregnancy, trastuzumab should be stopped and pregnancy could be allowed to continue. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

BACKGROUND: The widespread adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) is accelerating the collection of sensitive clinical data. The availability of these data raises privacy concerns, yet sharing the data is essential for public health, longitudinal patient care, and clinical research. METHOD: Following previous work in the United States [1,2], the International Medical Informatics Association convened the 2012 European Summit on Trustworthy Reuse of Health Data. Over 100 delegates representing national governments, academia, patient groups, industry, and the European Commission participated. In all, 21 countries were represented. The agenda was designed to solicit a wide range of perspectives on trustworthy reuse of health data from the participants. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Delegates agreed that the "government" should provide oversight, that the reuse should be "fully regulated," and that the patient should be "fully informed." One important reflection was that doing nothing will have negative implications across the European Union (EU). First, continued fragmented parallel non-standards-based developments in multiple sectors entail a substantial duplication of costs and human effort. Second, a failure to work jointly across the stakeholders on common policy frameworks will forego a crucial opportunity to boost key EU markets (pharmaceuticals, health technology and devices, and eHealth solutions) and counter global competition. Finally, and crucially, the lack of harmonized policy across EU nations for trustworthy reuse of health data risks patient safety. The productive dialog, initiated with multiple stakeholders from government, academia, and industry, will have to continue, in order to address the many remaining issues outlined in this white paper.

Combining density-functional theory calculations with a classical Monte Carlo method, we show that for B2-type FeCo compounds, tetragonal distortion gives rise to a strong reduction of the Curie temperature T-C. The T-C monotonically decreases from 1575K (for c/a = 1) to 940K (for c/a = root 2). We find that the nearest neighbor Fe-Co exchange interaction is sufficient to explain the c/a behavior of the T-C. Combination of high magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy with a moderate TC value suggests tetragonal FeCo grown on the Rh substrate with c/a = 1.24 to be a promising material for heat-assisted magnetic recording applications. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.

In the study and teaching of folk dance the determination of the syntactical rules that shape the interdependence between the structural elements of dance and music remains a major topic of interscientific interest. Therefore, the aim of the present research was the multivariate categorical analysis of Greek folk dances according to their resemblance in structure and form to the type of a widespread Greek folk dance “choros sta tria.” The multivariate analysis was conducted on the qualitative findings of Tyrovola’s study (1994) which with the use of the structural-morphological method for the analysis of dance: a) documented the structural type of “choros sta tria,” b) showed its homogeneity with 132 Greek folk dances and c) proposed four taxonomic categories of dance form for their classifi cation. 122 dances of Tyrovola’s research were used in the present study and were categorized according to two independent variables (factors): a) category of dance form (identical, heteromorphic, varied, and remodeled-related dance forms), and b) geographic area (terrestrial and insular areas of the country). Nine distinct and variant properties of the dance form of “choros sta tria” were used as dependent variables: music meter, tempo, dynamics, dance handhold, dance formation, number and kind of kinetic elements of the 2nd part of the semifinal and final kinetic dance motifs, model of dance form. The correlational structure of the nine dance properties and the two factors were tested by a series of chi square (χ2) analyses (nonparametric univariate approach) and non-linear canonical correlation analyses (multivariate approach). The results of these analyses indicated that there is a significant difference between the terrestrial and insulardistribution of Greek dances across the four levels of dance form. The geographical differentiation of the dances in terrestrial or insular was mainly based on the properties of metro, tempo, dynamics, and dance formation, while the morphological differentiation in identical, heteromorphic, varied, remodeled-related dance forms was based on the interaction between the elements of their rhythmical organization and the variations of their basic structural type. The application of these statistical methods of analysis in thestudy of structure and style of Greek folk dances proved to be very efficient in unveiling critical aspects of their multivariate domain. The morphological method of dance analysis combined with statistical methods may enhance research in this area, enriching thus already documented findings regarding the substantial dimensions of this multi-factorial phenomenon.

Fractals have been very successful in quantifying nature's geometrical complexity, and have captured the imagination of scientific community. The development of fractal dimension and its applications have produced significant results across a wide variety of biomedical applications. This review deals with the application of fractals in pharmaceutical sciences and attempts to account the most important developments in the fields of pharmaceutical technology, especially of advanced Drug Delivery nano Systems and of biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics. Additionally, fractal kinetics, which has been applied to enzyme kinetics, drug metabolism and absorption, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are presented. This review also considers the potential benefits of using fractal analysis along with considerations of nonlinearity, scaling, and chaos as calibration tools to obtain information and more realistic description on different parts of pharmaceutical sciences. As a conclusion, the purpose of the present work is to highlight the presence of fractal geometry in almost all fields of pharmaceutical research. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Resistance to antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been associated with mutations in the HBV polymerase region. This study aimed at developing an ultrasensitive method for quantifying viral populations with all major HBV resistance-associated mutations, combining the amplification refractory mutation system real-time PCR (ARMS RT-PCR) with a molecular beacon using a LightCycler. The discriminatory ability of this method, the ARMS RT-PCR with molecular beacon assay, was 0.01 to 0.25% for the different HBV resistance-associated mutations, as determined by laboratory-synthesized wild-type (WT) and mutant (Mut) target sequences. The assay showed 100% sensitivity for the detection of mutant variants A181V, T184A, and N236T in samples from 41 chronically HBV-infected patients under antiviral therapy who had developed resistance-associated mutations detected by direct PCR Sanger sequencing. The ratio of mutant to wild-type viral populations (the Mut/WT ratio) was >1% in 38 (63.3%) of 60 samples from chronically HBV-infected nucleos(t)ide analogue-naive patients; combinations of mutations were also detected in half of these samples. The ARMS RT-PCR with molecular beacon assay achieved high sensitivity and discriminatory ability compared to the gold standard of direct PCR Sanger sequencing in identifying resistant viral populations in chronically HBV-infected patients receiving antiviral therapy. Apart from the dominant clones, other quasispecies were also quantified. In samples from chronically HBV-infected nucleos(t)ide analogue-naive patients, the assay proved to be a useful tool in detecting minor variant populations before the initiation of the treatment. These observations need further evaluation with prospective studies before they can be implemented in daily practice.

State-of-the-art documents like ARIA and EPOS provide clinicians with evidence-based treatment algorithms for allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), respectively. The currently available medications can alleviate symptoms associated with AR and RS. In real life, a significant percentage of patients with AR and CRS continue to experience bothersome symptoms despite adequate treatment. This group with so-called severe chronic upper airway disease (SCUAD) represents a therapeutic challenge. The concept of control of disease has only recently been introduced in the field of AR and CRS. In case of poor control of symptoms despite guideline-directed pharmacotherapy, one needs to consider the presence of SCUAD but also treatment-related, diagnosis-related and/or patient-related factors. Treatment-related issues of uncontrolled upper airway disease are linked with the correct choice of treatment and route of administration, symptom-oriented treatment and the evaluation of the need for immunotherapy in allergic patients. The diagnosis of AR and CRS should be reconsidered in case of uncontrolled disease, excluding concomitant anatomic nasal deformities, global airway dysfunction and systemic diseases. Patient-related issues responsible for the lack of control in chronic upper airway inflammation are often but not always linked with adherence to the prescribed medication and education. This review is an initiative taken by the ENT section of the EAACI in conjunction with ARIA and EPOS experts who felt the need to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art of control in upper airway inflammation and stressing the unmet needs in this domain.

Tidal notches can form on carbonate coasts during periods of relative stable sea-level, or when sea-level changes occur at a rate lower than the rate of bioerosion. Tidal notches have often been used for Quaternary sea-level reconstructions and for estimating tectonic movements, especially in uplifting areas. Underwater geomorphological survey may reveal evidence of submerged tidal notches. Detailed, accurate and systematic survey along the coastal zone by boat is necessary, to access all sites and establish lateral continuity of observation. During the survey, the local lithology is taken into account. For each site, the time and the GPS coordinates are collected. Underwater, the observed features are measured in relation to sea level and photographed. Notch geometries (height, vertex and inward depth) are measured and interpreted. The accuracy can be improved by multiple measurements and by corrections based on air pressure and tidal records. Submerged tidal notches cannot be dated directly, but their age can be inferred from coastal cores or archaeological data. Information on the duration of the various sea-level positions can be deduced from assumptions on the minimum and maximum values of intertidal bioerosion in carbonate rocks. Through this methodology new evidence concerning the rates of subsidence in the investigated area may be provided. The profiles of submerged notches, resulting from different combinations of RSL in sheltered areas, allow to qualitatively distinguish the way of subsidence e.g. co-seismic event, gradual relative sea-level rise, etc. Some examples of tidal notch development and tectonic movements are provided from fossil submerged notches in Greece. Although tidal notches are not forming anymore in the present-day mid-littoral zone, underwater marks on carbonate cliffs may still provide evidence of submerged tidal notches corresponding to former sea level positions, or to recent vertical shoreline displacements of seismic origin.

A systematic study of historical earthquakes leading to the quantification of earthquake effects in terms of macroseismic data points (MDPs) and, consequently, earthquake parameters has been carried out in the last decade at the Laboratory of Seismology of the University of Athens. For each earthquake, the available background information was evaluated and the corresponding macroseismic intensities assessed in terms of the European Macroseismic Scale 1998. A considerable amount of these MDPs contributed to the Archive of Historical Earthquake Data inventory through European initiatives (NERIES and SHARE). Based on the structure of the European Database, the local version of the Hellenic Macroseismic Database (HMDB.UoA) was designed incorporating historical earthquakes of the period 1000–1899 from the eastern Aegean area, central Greece and Ionian Islands. In its present form, the HMDB.UoA includes 90 events with Imax ≥ 7 (868 MDPs) and 1,088 events with Imax < 7 (1,273 MDPs). The database is hosted on the website http://macroseismology.geol.uoa.gr/.

In a bioprospecting effort towards novel thermostable lipases, we assessed the lipolytic profile of 101 bacterial strains isolated from the volcanic area of Santorini, Aegean Sea, Greece. Screening of lipase activity was performed both in agar plates and liquid cultures using olive oil as carbon source. Significant differences were observed between the two screening methods with no clear correlation between them. While the percentage of lipase producing strains identified in agar plates was only 17%, lipolytic activity in liquid culture supernatants was detected for 74% of them. Nine strains exhibiting elevated extracellular lipase activities were selected for lipase production and biochemical characterization. The majority of lipase producers revealed high phylogenetic similarity with Geobacillus species and related genera, whilst one of them was identified as Aneurinibacillus sp. Lipase biosynthesis strongly depended on the carbon source that supplemented the culture medium. Olive oil induced lipase production in all strains, but maximum enzyme yields for some of the strains were also obtained with Tween-80, mineral oil, and glycerol. Partially purified lipases revealed optimal activity at 70–80 °C and pH 8-9. Extensive thermal stability studies revealed marked thermostability for the majority of the lipases as well as a two-step thermal deactivation pattern.

A closer examination of fundamental Olympic values and symbolic meanings— expressed in the Olympic charter and recognized in Olympic protocol— reveals that they correspond to the basic perceptions in the Declaration of Human Rights. The Olympic project seems to be an ideal vehicle to promote the United Nations values and principles.Conseuently it is important to examine to what extent Olympic action communication is actually used to serve such objectives-goals and to discuss its effectiveness and legitimacy within this framework. Olympic ceremonies, for example, provide an international-global platform of mobilization for individuals, social groups, countries and nations who have been unfairly treated or remain disadvantaged, such as the mass demonstrations around the globe during the Olympic relay from ancient Olympia to Beijing in protest of the violations of human rights in China. This paper disccusses the role of the IOC in accordance to human rights and examines, on a theoretical level, why the Olympic project in general, including the Olympic symbols and ceremonies generate and activate discussions on human rights. This article, as a side effect or by-product reveals the difficulties inherent to the implementation of the human rights project outside of Olympic space and time. One need point out here, with regard to the methodological perspective, that the use of terms such as universalism, internationalism, globalization, enlightenment, nation and nationalism serve as a heuristic approach, in order to link or connect some of their cognitive contents and elementary meanings to the subject.

A poster presented at HNPS2012 held in NCSR "Demokritos" 24-25.05.2013

The vertical structure of surface cyclonic tracks affecting the eastern Mediterranean region is studied on a climatological basis for the cold period of the year. The dataset used is the 1° × 1° ERA-40 Reanalysis for a 40-year period (1962-2001). The vertical tracking of surface cyclonic tracks was performed with the aid of the Melbourne University Vertical Tracking Algorithm. It was found that about 83 % of the cyclones were extended up to the 500-hPa level and almost 65 % up to 200-hPa level, implying that the cyclones are in general well organized. The surface tracks that originate within the examined area exhibit the smallest vertical extension, intensity, radius, and depth compared to the cyclones originating in the other sectors. Moreover, the 500-hPa counterparts for the said cyclones are mainly located to the north-west or south-west of the surface cyclone position, consistent with the baroclinic character of the Mediterranean cyclones. The zonal (eastward) component of motion predominates both at the surface and at 500 hPa. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Vitamin D receptor's (VDR) genotypes have been associated both with the development of bone disease and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to evaluate the association between the presence of Bsm1 restriction fragment length polymorphism of VDR and bone loss in ambulatory patients with MS. This cross-sectional study included 82 adult patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Fasting blood samples were obtained for biochemical-hormonal assessment and genotyping. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed at the lumbar spine (LS) and the femoral neck (FN), using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Possible associations between VDR's genotypes and BMD levels as well as biochemical and hormonal indices were evaluated. Among premenopausal women and men, carriers of the B allele exhibited higher BMD and Z score at the FN and a trend toward higher BMD at the LS, compared to patients with the bb genotype, after adjusting for age, BMI, sex, EDSS scoring, interferon administration, duration of MS and total steroids intake. Among postmenopausal women, the presence of the B allele was not associated with BMD or T score at any site, whereas carriers of the B allele exhibited higher levels of calcium (p value 0.008, univariate). No other significant differences were exhibited between levels of electrolytes, parathormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 and the genotype of VDR, in any of the groups. VDR's Bsm1 polymorphism is associated with a mild effect on BMD in younger patients with MS. Larger studies are necessary to corroborate these findings. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Italia.

The present study is based on observations obtained with the 1.3m Warsaw telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory, Chile, during phase III of the OGLE project, between 2001 and 2009 (Soszynski et al., 2010, cat. J/AcA/60/165) (3 data files).

The XMM-Newton survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) yields a complete coverage of the bar and eastern wing in the 0.2-12.0keV band. This catalogue comprises 3053 unique X-ray point sources and sources with moderate extent that have been reduced from 5236 individual detections found in observations between April 2000 and April 2010. Sources have a median position uncertainty of 1.3" (1σ) and limiting fluxes down to ~1*10-14erg/s/cm2 in the 0.2-4.5keV band, corresponding to 5*1033erg/s for sources in the SMC. Sources have been classified using hardness ratios, X-ray variability, and their multi-wavelength properties. In addition to the main-field (5.58deg2) available outer fields have been included in the catalogue, yielding a total field area of 6.32deg2. X-ray sources with high extent (>40", e.g. supernova remnants and galaxy cluster) have been presented by Haberl et al. (2012, Cat. J/A+A/545/A128) (2 data files).

For all Chandra HRC-I observations a source catalogue was created and the energy flux of each source in each observation was derived. Fluxes were calculated assuming a generic power law spectrum and Galactic foreground absorption for each source. (5 data files).

Background: We aimed to assess efficacy and tolerability of vorinostat in combination with bortezomib for treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Methods: In our randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, we enrolled adults (≥18 years) at 174 university hospitals in 31 countries worldwide. Eligible patients had to have non-refractory multiple myeloma that previously responded to treatment (one to three regimens) but were currently progressing, ECOG performance statuses of 2 or less, and no continuing toxic effects from previous treatment. We excluded patients with known resistance to bortezomib. We randomly allocated patients (1:1) using an interactive voice response system to receive 21 day cycles of bortezomib (1·3 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 4, 8, and 11) in combination with oral vorinostat (400 mg) or matching placebo once-daily on days 1-14. We stratified patients by baseline tumour stage (International Staging System stage 1 or stage ≥2), previous bone-marrow transplantation (yes or no), and number of previous regimens (1 or ≥2). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) in the intention-to-treat population. We assessed adverse events in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number 00773747. Findings: Between Dec 24, 2008, and Sept 8, 2011, we randomly allocated 317 eligible patients to the vorinostat group (315 of whom received at least one dose) and 320 to the placebo group (all of whom received at least one dose). Median PFS was 7·63 months (95% CI 6·87-8·40) in the vorinostat group and 6·83 months (5·67-7·73) in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·77, 95% CI 0·64-0·94; p=0·0100). 312 (99%) of 315 patients in the vorinostat group and 315 (98%) of 320 patients in the placebo group had adverse events (300 [95%] adverse events in the vorinostat group and 282 [88%] in the control group were regarded as related to treatment). The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were thrombocytopenia (143 [45%] patients in the vorinostat group vs 77 [24%] patients in the placebo group), neutropenia (89 [28%] vs 80 [25%]), and anaemia (53 [17%] vs 40 [13%]). Interpretation: Although the combination of vorinostat and bortezomib prolonged PFS relative to bortezomib and placebo, the clinical relevance of the difference in PFS between the two groups is not clear. Different treatment schedules of bortezomib and vorinostat might improve tolerability and enhance activity. Funding: Merck. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

The purpose of this paper is to assess the vulnerability to ground shaking of the building stock in the old town of Lefkada Island (Ionian Sea, W. Greece). The study area lies in the most seismically active zone of Greece region. Most of its buildings were built with local practices and have been designated by the European Council Cultural Heritage Unit as representative earthquake resistant constructions. Within the context of this research we conducted an in-situ survey, of all buildings in the old town. In addition, the 2001 buildings census catalogue elaborated by the National Statistical Service of Greece was employed, as well as the damage inspection data following the 2003 earthquake. The collected data, after a detailed processing, were projected as they would have been prior to the August, 14, 2003, Mw=6.2 Lefkada earthquake. Each building was indexed by an EMS-98 vulnerability class. All results were combined in an ArcGIS scheme in order to compute the lateral vulnerability distribution and to compare it with the 14/8/2003 earthquake effects.

Waldenström's macroglobulinemia is a neoplastic disorder of the B lymphocytes that is characterized by the infiltration of the bone marrow by a lymphoplasmatic clone that produces a monoclonal immunoglobulin which is always of the IgM type. WM is named after Jan Waldenström, a Swedish physician who first described two patients who presented with oronasal bleeding, lymphadenopathy, anemia and thrombocytopenia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, high serum viscosity, normal bone radiographs, and bone marrow showing predominantly lymphoid cells. At that time electrophoresis of the serum proteins was not available; however, he attributed the hyperviscosity to an abnormal high-molecular-weight serum protein, which subsequently was shown to be a monoclonal immunoglobulin of the M class (IgM). Indeed, these two first patients presented with several of the most common features of WM, as have been subsequently described. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York. All rights reserved.

The paper presents a semi-supervised weather classification method based on 850-hPa isobaric level maps. A preprocessing step is employed, where isolines of geopotential height are extracted from weather map images via an image processing procedure. Α feature extraction stage follows where two techniques are applied. The first technique implements phase space reconstruction, and yields multidimensional delay distributions. The second technique is based on chain code representation of signals, from which histogram features are derived. Similarity measures are used to compare multidimensional data and the k-means algorithm is applied in the final stage. The method is applied over the area of Greece, and the resulting catalogues are compared to a subjective classification for this area. Numerical experiments with datasets derived from the European Meteorological Bulletin archives exhibit an up to 91 % accurate agreement with the subjective weather patterns. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Wien.

The sexually transmitted diseases are a group of infectious diseases with increasing incidence worldwide. In recent years, these diseases have taken epidemic proportions in many countries and huge efforts have been made to prevent them. The gonococcus infections, the HPV virus, AIDS, chlamydia, herpes genitalia, hepatitis B and C, the trichomonas and syphilis are the most common sexually transmitted diseases. This paper describes the clinical and epidemiological symptoms and the preventive measures that should be taken for each disease. lt also presents the dimensions of the sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents who are particularly a "sensitive" group. One of the most important and widely disseminated measures of prevention is the use of condoms. We can also see the importance of and other preventive measures which can be taken against sexually transmitted diseases. Finally, it is noted also the role of the state to treat these diseases, which are unfortunately quite common, and the measures taken by it to prevent and treat them.

Asthma and obesity are chronic multifactorial conditions that are associated with gene-environment interaction and immune function. Although the data are not fully consistent, it seems that obesity increases the risk of asthma and compromises asthma control.|To investigate the impact that weight changes have on asthma.|We carried out a systematic review of three large biomedical databases. Studies were scrutinized and critically appraised according to agreed exclusion and inclusion criteria. Quality assessment of eligible papers was conducted using the GRADE method. Meta-analyses of comparable studies were carried out.|Thirty studies met the eligibility criteria of the review. Interventions were limited to dietary manipulation in three studies, one of which also used anti-obesity drugs, and bariatric surgery in four. All the other studies reported observational data. Becoming obese increased the odds for incident asthma by 1.82 (95% CI 1.47, 2.25) in adults and 1.98 (95% CI 0.71, 5.52) in children. Weight loss was associated with significant improvement in mean scores for symptoms, rescue medication score, and asthma exacerbations in the only randomized controlled trial. Similarly, evidence gathered from observational studies, with follow-up ranging between 8 weeks to 1 year, and from changes 1 year after bariatric surgery showed improvements in all asthma control-related outcomes. Changes in lung function were reported in one randomized controlled and eight observational studies of asthmatic subjects, with conflicting results. Either improvement after weight loss, decline with weight gain, or no effects at all were reported. Changes in airway inflammation and responsiveness were reported only by observational studies.|Weight increases above the obesity threshold significantly increase the risk of asthma. The available studies show weak evidence of benefits from weight reduction on asthma outcomes.

Gait speed is associated with multiple adverse outcomes of aging. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been associated with gait speed, though few studies have examined changes in gait speed over time in population-based studies comprising participants from diverse cultural backgrounds. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between a decline in gait speed and total and regional WMH volumes in a community-based study of aging. Participants (n = 701) underwent gait-speed measurement via a 4-m walk test at the time of initial enrollment and MRI at a second time interval (mean 4.7 [SD = 0.5] years apart). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between large WMH volume and regional WMH volume with gait speed <0.5 m/s (abnormal speed), and a transition to abnormal gait speed. Analyses were adjusted for demographic and clinical factors. Large WMH volume was associated with abnormal gait speed and a transition to abnormal gait speed between the two visits, but not after adjustment for modifiable vascular disease risk factors. Increased frontal lobe WMH volume was associated with abnormal gait speed and transition to abnormal gait speed, but not in adjusted models. WMH are associated with slowing of gait over time. Prevention of WMH presents a potential strategy for the prevention of gait speed decline.

What is being done to support female entrepreneurship and in particular promote the ways in which information and communication technologies (ICTs) can encourage and facilitate it? Is today's business climate more inviting to women entrepreneurs? Are women equipped to thrive in this digital age? Current, future, and aspiring women entrepreneurs responded to these questions, and many more, at the recent European conference in Athens, Greece ‘More Technologies? More Women entrepreneurs!’ at which Madi Sharma, member of the European Economic and Social Committee argued that ‘we cannot have change unless we have men in the room.’ The European conference showed women - and men - the advantages and opportunities that ICTs can offer them for the development of their business initiatives. It also presented 12 European projects that focus on women's entrepreneurship and how ICT facilitates and fosters it. The European Commission is dynamically promoting, supporting, and encouraging female entrepreneurship. Europe needs more women entrepreneurs and actions are being taken to overcome the obstacles and change mindsets. This paper examines discussions and research on female entrepreneurial activity and provides Tips from successful women entrepreneurs who tell how they have been using new technologies - and social media in particular - to excel in their careers and balance their professional and family lives. Accordingly, this paper begins with an examination of the current research findings on social women’s new models of work, levels of engagement, and transformational leadership styles. Women share content in multiple ways, and working online has been a financial windfall for many, including stay-at-home moms and homemakers. More women are doing what comes ‘naturally’, taking advantage of their so-called natural strengths, such as ‘listening’, sharing, building relationships, and creating a culture of collaboration.   Keywords: Gender, Technology, Women entrepreneurs, ‘Feminine’ skills, Leadership qualities, Social media------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cite this article as:

Kamberidou, I. J Innov Entrep (2013) 2: 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-5372-2-6

• DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-5372-2-6
• Publisher Name Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• Online ISSN 2192-5372

• About this journal
• Reprints and Permissions

What is being done to support female entrepreneurship and in particular promote the ways in which information and communication technologies (ICTs) can encourage and facilitate it? Is today's business climate more inviting to women entrepreneurs? Are women equipped to thrive in this digital age? Current, future, and aspiring women entrepreneurs responded to these questions, and many more, at the recent European conference in Athens, Greece ‘More Technologies? More Women entrepreneurs!’ at which Madi Sharma, member of the European Economic and Social Committee argued that ‘we cannot have change unless we have men in the room.’ The European conference showed women - and men - the advantages and opportunities that ICTs can offer them for the development of their business initiatives. It also presented 12 European projects that focus on women's entrepreneurship and how ICT facilitates and fosters it. The European Commission is dynamically promoting, supporting, and encouraging female entrepreneurship. Europe needs more women entrepreneurs and actions are being taken to overcome the obstacles and change mindsets. This paper examines discussions and research on female entrepreneurial activity and provides Tips from successful women entrepreneurs who tell how they have been using new technologies - and social media in particular - to excel in their careers and balance their professional and family lives. Accordingly, this paper begins with an examination of the current research findings on social women’s new models of work, levels of engagement, and transformational leadership styles. Women share content in multiple ways, and working online has been a financial windfall for many, including stay-at-home moms and homemakers. More women are doing what comes ‘naturally’, taking advantage of their so-called natural strengths, such as ‘listening’, sharing, building relationships, and creating a culture of collaboration.   Keywords: Gender, Technology, Women entrepreneurs, ‘Feminine’ skills, Leadership qualities, Social media

Cite this article as:

Kamberidou, I. J Innov Entrep (2013) 2: 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-5372-2-6

• DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-5372-2-6
• Publisher Name Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• Online ISSN 2192-5372

• About this journal
• Reprints and Permissions

Context. Local-Group galaxies provide access to samples of X-ray source populations of whole galaxies. The XMM-Newton survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) completely covers the bar and eastern wing with a 5.6 deg2 area in the (0.2-12.0) keV band. Aims: To characterise the X-ray sources in the SMC field, we created a catalogue of point sources and sources with moderate extent. Sources with high extent (≥40'') have been presented in a companion paper. Methods: We searched for point sources in the EPIC images using sliding-box and maximum-likelihood techniques and classified the sources using hardness ratios, X-ray variability, and their multi-wavelength properties. Results: The catalogue comprises 3053 unique X-ray sources with a median position uncertainty of 1.3'' down to a flux limit for point sources of ~10-14 erg cm-2 s-1 in the (0.2-4.5) keV band, corresponding to 5 × 1033 erg s-1 for sources in the SMC. We discuss statistical properties, like the spatial distribution, X-ray colour diagrams, luminosity functions, and time variability. We identified 49 SMC high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXB), four super-soft X-ray sources (SSS), 34 foreground stars, and 72 active galactic nuclei (AGN) behind the SMC. In addition, we found candidates for SMC HMXBs (45) and faint SSSs (8) as well as AGN (2092) and galaxy clusters (13). Conclusions: We present the most up-to-date catalogue of the X-ray source population in the SMC field. In particular, the known population of X-ray binaries is greatly increased. We find that the bright-end slope of the luminosity function of Be/X-ray binaries significantly deviates from the expected universal high-mass X-ray binary luminosity function. Based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASACatalogue is only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/558/A3

Nearby galaxies are well suited for investigating X-ray source populations in different environments than in our own Galaxy. Moreover, sources in these galaxies have well determined distances and are less absorbed than sources in the galactic plane. The Large (LMC) and the Small (SMC) Magellanic Clouds (MC) are the nearest gas-rich star-forming galaxies and their gravitational interactions are believed to have tidally triggered recent bursts of star formation. The XMM-Newton large program for the SMC, together with archival observations covers an area of 5.5 square degrees and has already produced significant results. The XMM-Newton large program for the LMC has just been completed and has covered an even bigger area of about 10 square degrees. Both surveys reach a limiting luminosity of 1032 erg/s and provide a unique data set for X-ray source population studies. The two surveys have allowed us to derive hardness ratios for the point sources and conduct spectral classification. For the brightest sources, we performed spectral and timing analysis. By complementing these results with surveys at other wavelengths we have managed to extend our understanding of the nature of individual sources as well as providing complete data-sets of X-ray source populations (X-ray Binaries, supersoft sources, supernova remnants, background active galactic nuclei and foreground galactic sources). From the classification of the sources we have constructed luminosity functions which will allow as to compare X-ray populations in the different environments that the MCs provide. Here, we present an overview of these two surveys together with the highlights of the most interesting sources that they have produced so far (e.g. Be/X-ray binaries).

A Swift observation performed on 2013 January 13 as part of the LMC UV survey (PI: S. Immler) detected the high-mass X-ray binary candidate RX J0520.5-6932 in a moderately bright X-ray outburst. Assuming a power-law spectrum with a photon index of 0.9 and absorption of 1021 cm-2, we derive a 0.2-12 keV flux of 1.67 × 10-12 erg s-1 cm-2. This flux is ~25 times higher than measured during a recent XMM-Newton observation (see below).

Context. The central field of the Andromeda galaxy (M 31) was monitored from 2006 to 2012 using the Chandra HRC-I detector (about 0.1-10 keV energy range) with the main aim of detecting X-rays from optical novae. We present a systematic analysis of all X-ray sources found in the 41 nova monitoring observations, along with 23 M 31 central field HRC-I observations available from the Chandra data archive starting in December 1999. Aims: Based on these observations, we studied the X-ray long-term variability of the source population and especially of X-ray binaries in M 31. Methods: We created a catalogue of sources detected in the 64 available observations that adds up to a total exposure time of about 1 Ms. To study the variability, we developed a processing pipeline to derive long-term Chandra HRC-I light curves for each source over the 13 years of observations. We also searched for extended X-ray sources in the merged images. Results: We present a point-source catalogue containing 318 X-ray sources with detailed long-term variability information, 28 of which are published for the first time. The spatial and temporal resolution of the catalogue allows us to classify 115 X-ray binary candidates showing high X-ray variability or even outbursts, as well as 14 globular cluster X-ray binary candidates showing no significant variability. The analysis may suggest that outburst sources are less frequent in globular clusters than in the field of M 31. We detected seven supernova remnants, one of which is a new candidate, and also resolved the first X-rays from a known radio supernova remnant. In addition to 33 known optical nova/X-ray source correlations, we discovered one previously unknown super-soft X-ray outburst and several new nova candidates. Conclusions: The catalogue contains a large sample of detailed long-term X-ray light curves in the M 31 central field, which helps in understanding the X-ray population of our neighbouring spiral galaxy M 31. Tables 1 and 2 are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/555/A65

A plethora of analytical studies have addressed the physical mechanisms of jet launching and propagation in young stellar objects. However, their link to observations is still missing due to the complexity of the emission processes involved. In this work we address this issue, by presenting MHD simulations of two-component YSO jet models that are based on analytical disk and stellar outflow solutions. We include ionization and optically thin radiation losses during the temporal evolution of the flow and we post process the output files to generate synthetic emission maps. Our results are confronted to observational data and we find that our models predict the correct range of values for the density, temperature and velocity of YSO jets. Moreover, the synthetic emission maps of the - 39 - doublets [OI], [N II] and [S II] outline a well collimated and knot-structured jet, which is surrounded by a less dense and slower wind, not observable in these lines. The jet is found to have a small opening angle and a radius that is also comparable to observations.

Βλ. στο λίνκ http://www.pemptousia.gr/analekta_issues/bioethik_paid/index.html Η παρούσα δημοσίευση περιγράφει το πρόγραμμα σχολικών δραστηριοτήτων αγωγής υγείας που εκπονήθηκε στο 2ο Γυμνάσιο Τούμπας το σχολικό έτος 2012-13 και παρουσιάσθηκε στην ΑΕΑΘ στο μάθημα της Βιοηθικής του καθηγητή κ. Νικολάου Κόιου. Η δημοσίευση περιλαμβάνεται στο περιοδικό Ανάλεκτα με τίτλο τεύχους: «Βιοηθική Παιδεία».

Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζεται ένα πρόγραμμα μουσικοκινητικής αγωγής Carl Orff (Orff-Schulwerk) για μαθητές με προβλήματα ακοής – κωφούς και βαρήκοους μαθητές. Το πρόγραμμα βασίζεται στη θέση ότι η ακουστική απώλεια δεν αποκλείει το αναπτυσσόμενο άτομο από τη δυνατότητα ενασχόλησής του με τη μουσική. Η χρησιμότητα και η πρωτοτυπία του προγράμματος έγκειται στο ότι αποτελεί μία από τις πρώτες προσπάθειες στην Ελλάδα για μουσικοκινητική αγωγή κωφών και βαρήκοων μαθητών, η οποία είναι μέρος του ωρολογίου προγράμματος του σχολείου. Μέχρι πριν από λίγα χρόνια, η μουσική αγωγή των ατόμων με προβλήματα ακοής αντιμετωπιζόταν με επιφυλάξεις και προκαταλήψεις ως προς την αναγκαιότητα και την αποτελεσματικότητά της. Παρουσιάζονται οι θεωρητικές αρχές στις οποίες βασίστηκε το πρόγραμμα, οι στόχοι και τα μέσα του προγράμματος, καθώς και ο τρόπος αξιολόγησης των μαθητών. Τονίζεται η συμβολή της παιδαγωγικής προσέγγισης Orff στο συγκεκριμένο πρόγραμμα, καθώς οι βασικοί άξονες του προγράμματος συνάδουν με τις θεωρητικές αρχές της φιλοσοφίας Orff και έχουν υιοθετηθεί στην πράξη τα μέσα, οι παιδαγωγικές τεχνικές και τα όργανα της ορχήστρας αυτής της παιδαγωγικής προσέγγισης.

In this paper, we examine the relation between psychic trauma in the first years of life and loneliness. We selected a representative sample of important ''natural experiments'', as revealed in the work of Anna Freud, René Spitz as well as James and Joyce Robertson. The adverse effects of child neglect, abuse, abandonment, war, separation from parents, life in inappropriate institutions, and hospitalization are presented and discussed. Our analysis shows that among children with early and multiple trauma, the quality of loneliness, the normal fear of loneliness, separation anxiety in the relations with parents, siblings and peers, ways of coping with loneliness (e.g., forming relationships, play, fantasies, defense mechanisms), the capacity to be alone and the creative use of solitude, suffer and constitute major problems of traumatized children. We suggest that trauma can be healed through binding, as a restitution of the break in the continuity resulting from trauma, as well as sharing.

(2013). Η ανάγκη διαμόρφωσης μιας νέας ηθικής του Ολυμπισμού και του αθλητισμού. Ο αθλητισμός, αποτελώντας μιὰ πολιτιστικὴ εκδήλωση, δεν είναι αποκομμένη απὸ το κοινωνικο και πολιτικὸ περιβάλλον, εντὸς του οποίου λαμβάνει υπόσταση. Οι αθλητὲς και οι παράγοντες του αθλητισμού, ως άνθρωποι και ως πολίτες, επηρεάζονται άμεσα απὸ το σύνολο των αξιών, οι οποίες διέπουν τη ζωὴ της πολιτικής κοινωνίας. Ο αθλητισμός, όπως και κάθε άλλη επιμέρους έκφανση της πολιτιστικής δραστηριότητας, έχει βεβαίως τις δικές του αξίες, καθὼς και όλες εκείνες τις αρετές που περιέχονται σε μια τέτοιας φύσεως ειρηνικὴ εκδήλωση. Όμως όπως και στην κοινωνία έτσι και στο χώρο του αθλητισμού, ενώ προβάλλεται η δικαιοσύνη, η εντιμότητα και η ισότητα, ωστόσο η καθημερινὴ πρακτικὴ βεβαιώνει την διάπραξη αδικιών και παρανομιών. Αντίστοιχα, ο αθλητισμὸς έγινε πρωταθλητισμός, ενώ η ευγενής άμιλλα έγινε ανόσιος ανταγωνισμός, ο οποίος συχνά χρησιμοποιεί κάθε άνομο μέσο, προκειμένου να επιτύχει τη νίκη. Οι πράξεις που φθείρουν το πνεύμα του αθλητισμού συνδέονται, επομένως, με τη δομή της παγκόσμιας κοινωνίας, η οποία στο όνομα του οικονομικού συμφέροντος ανέχεται τη νόθευση αρχών διαχρονικού κύρους. Η υπονόμευση, όμως, του αθλητικού πνεύματος έχει σχέση και με την ίδια τη φύση του ανθρώπου, καθώς αυτός αναλώνεται για την κατάκτηση μιας θέσης στην κοινωνική ιεραρχία. Εν τέλει, ο θρίαμβος της αγοραίας ηθικής και λογικής που χαρακτηρίζει συνολικά τη δυτική κοινωνία, αντανακλάται και στον αθλητισμό. Είναι αναγκαία, επομένως, η αναζήτηση μιας νέας αθλητικής φιλοσοφίας, που σε συνδυασμό με την απομυθοποίηση των επίπλαστων ειδώλων, αντί για την πρωτιά θα εστιάζει στο καλύτερο που μπορεί να προσφέρει ένας νέος, βασισμένος στη φυσική του υπόσταση. Η ουσιαστική μετατροπή της ποιότητας του αθλητισμού είναι εφικτή, υπό την προϋπόθεση της πλήρους ανατροπής του υπάρχοντος οικονομικού και πολιτικού συστήματος και του ρόλου της παιδείας.  

(2013). Η εθνική πολιτική στον αθλητισμό και η παγκόσμια πολιτισμική κρίση. Η παγκόσμια οικονομική και πολιτισμική κρίση επηρεάζει, όπως είναι φυσικό, και τον αθλητισμό, ως ανθρωπολογική δραστηριότητα. Η αντιμετώπιση του αθλητισμού ως προσοδοφόρου επαγγέλματος, αντί για χώρου παιχνιδιού και ευχαρίστησης, μετατρέπει τον αθλητή από άνθρωπο σε εμπόρευμα και τον αθλητισμό από ελεύθερη επιλογή σε επαγγελματικό καθήκον. Η πρακτική της επίσημης πολιτείας αποκαλύπτει την υποστήριξή της στον αθλητισμό κορυφής, από τον οποίο αναμένει και επιδιώκει εθνικά οφέλη. Έτσι, «επενδύει» στον ανταγωνιστικό αθλητισμό, σαν να επρόκειτο για μετοχή του χρηματιστηρίου, προκειμένου να μεταφράσει τις νίκες σε κατάλληλη προπαγάνδα για την δήθεν επιτυχή πολιτική της. Για το λόγο αυτό συνάπτει ένα είδος συμβολαίου με τον επίδοξο αθλητή ή τον προπονητή του, βρίσκοντας ως καίριο σύμμαχο τα μέσα μαζικής επικοινωνίας, τα οποία είναι έτοιμα να συμβάλλουν στη μεγιστοποίηση του στόχου, διογκώνοντας το μέγεθος της επιτυχίας. Στον ελληνικό αθλητισμό ειδικότερα, από την εποχή της Χούντας έως σήμερα, ο τρόπος με τον οποίο το πολιτικό σύστημα δείχνει να αντιλαμβάνεται την αξία της αθλητικής επιτυχίας, έχει λειτουργήσει κάπως σαν κληρονομιά. Πέρα, όμως, από τις ελάχιστες περιπτώσεις πρωταθλητών, ο αθλητισμός αποτελεί στην Ελλάδα ένα άδειο τοπίο, ενώ και ο αθλητισμός στο σχολείο θυμίζει μάλλον τεχνικές σε αυλές του Μεσαίωνα, παρά παιχνίδι και φυσική άσκηση για τους νέους. Την ίδια στιγμή στην παγκόσμια σκηνή, όπου ο άνθρωπος καλείται σήμερα να δράσει, κυριαρχεί η διαφθορά, η ωμότητα, η κάθε είδους βία και ο κυνισμός. Λίγο-πολύ ο παγκόσμιος αθλητισμός απηχεί ένα πολιτικό και κοινωνικό σύστημα που διαθέτει ανάλογα χαρακτηριστικά. Η πολιτεία, όμως, παρά τα προβλήματα, θα πρέπει να συνειδητοποιήσει την αξία του αθλητισμού, για όλους, και ειδικά για τους νέους κατά την περίοδο της σχολικής εκπαίδευσης. Δια του αθλητισμού μπορεί να αναπτύξει τις αρχές που οφείλει να τηρήσει ο αθλητής για να μη χάσει το όριο της αρετής του. Εξάλλου, εκτός από την αξιολόγηση του αθλητισμού, μπορεί να προβεί και στην αναζήτηση εκείνων των ηθικών χαρακτηριστικών, που η ίδια η πολιτεία θεωρεί αδιαπραγμάτευτα για τη διασφάλιση της ποιότητάς του. 

• (2013). Η ειδωλολατρία του τέλειου σώματος και το ντόπινγκ της γειτονιάς ως απόρροια του υλικού πολιτισμού

  Το ντόπινγκ δεν περιορίζεται, πλέον, μόνο σε όσους αθλούνται συστηματικά, αλλά επεκτείνεται στη γειτονιά, με πολύ πιο ταπεινά κίνητρα από αυτό του ολυμπιακού μεταλλίου. Οι νέοι συχνά διακατέχονται από την επιθυμία της κατασκευής ενός «σώματος εξώφυλλου», με αποτέλεσμα να λαμβάνουν ουσίες ύποπτες ή παράνομες, από τις οποίες υπάρχουν πολλές παρενέργειες. Η πώληση τέτοιων ουσιών από τα γυμναστήρια ή το διαδίκτυο συνιστά, στην πραγματικότητα, μια μορφή λαθρεμπορίου, ενώ από τη χρήση των προϊόντων αυτών υπάρχουν κίνδυνοι οι οποίοι θέτουν σε άμεση απειλή την υγεία, ιδίως των νέων, που χαρακτηρίζονται και από άγνοια των κινδύνων. Το «μυώδες σώμα» συνιστά, πάντως, ένα «must» για το σύγχρονο δυτικό πολιτισμό, αρκούντως προβαλλόμενο και στη χώρα μας. Τα ερεθίσματα που καθορίζουν το σωματικό πρότυπο βομβαρδίζουν τον πολίτη από παντού, δημιουργώντας την βασική ψευδαίσθηση πως η επιτυχία είναι ταυτόσημη με τη σωματική ομορφιά. Ένα ολόκληρο σύστημα αθλητικής βιομηχανίας επιστρατεύεται, προκειμένου να προσδώσει σάρκα και οστά στο όνειρο του ‘τέλειου’ σώματος. Η φαντασίωση αυτή, ωστόσο, είτε δεν πραγματώνεται ποτέ, είτε επιτυγχάνεται για λίγο, οπότε η απογοήτευση οδηγεί σε αυτοδιάψευση, η οποία ωθεί σε νέα απέλπιδα απόπειρα, ενώ το ιδανικό σώμα παραμένει στη σφαίρα του ανικανοποίητου, εξιδανικεύεται και μετατρέπεται σε «φετίχ».   Η φετιχοποίηση του σώματος έχει αναχθεί σε ιδεολογία και σε τρόπο ζωής στο δυτικό πολιτισμό, μετατρέποντας σε καταπίεση την ευχαρίστηση της σχόλης. Η σωματική λατρεία αντιμετωπίζει, όμως, το σώμα όχι ανθρωπιστικά, αλλά ως λατρευτικό προϊόν. Επιπλέον, η αυταπάτη της σωματικής τελειότητας ως μέσου πληρότητας, υπονομεύει τις άλλες, ψυχικές και πνευματικές, ανάγκες, καθόσον καθιστά τον ίδιο τον άνθρωπο ένα «άλογο ζώο» κατά τον Γαληνό, που έχει μόνο σωματικά χαρακτηριστικά κατά τον Λουκιανό. Το αντίθετο της σωματικής φετιχοποίησης είναι ο ‘ανθρωπισμός του σώματος’, ο οποίος βασίζεται σε μια και μοναδική αξία: στον σεβασμό. Οτιδήποτε θέτει το σώμα έξωθεν των ορίων του, όχι με φυσικό, αλλά με τεχνητό τρόπο, παραποιώντας το με σκοπό την επίδοσή του, συνιστά κακοποίηση της ισορροπίας της φύσης. Η κουλτούρα των μυών, η κυριαρχία της εξωτερικής εικόνας επάνω στην προσωπικότητα, ευνοούν, εν τέλει, μια ιδεολογία που υποβαθμίζει το πολυτιμότερο τμήμα του ανθρώπινου σώματος: το νου. Το πρότυπο της καπιταλιστικής ευφορίας είναι ευρέως διαδεδομένο στον σύγχρονο πολτισμό, συρρικνώνοντας αντίστοιχα τις αληθινές αξίες. Ο νέος για να είναι «in», πρέπει να είναι ο «πρώτος», ο πιο έξυπνος, ο πιο πλούσιος, ο πιο ωραίος, ο πιο δυνατός, με οποιοδήποτε τίμημα. Ο υλικός ευδαιμονισμός φαντάζει λαμπερός και κατάφωτος, οδεύοντας προς το μέλλον της πληθώρας. Ο δυτικός πολιτισμός, αχόρταγος, άπληστος, ανικανοποίητος, όπως και ο material άνθρωπός του, ζητά και καταναλώνει ολοένα και περισσότερα, επιβεβαιώνοντας ότι ένας τέτοιος πολιτισμός είναι το αντίθετο της ολιγάρκειας, της μεσότητας και του υγιούς μέτρου.

(2013). Η ηθική του σύγχρονου αθλητισμού υπό το πρίσμα της κρίσης των αξιών. Η τοπική και η παγκόσμια κοινότητα αντιμετωπίζoυν σήμερα μια βαθύτατη κρίση, η οποία ουσιαστικά εδράζεται στην κακοποίηση και την αλλοτρίωση των ηθικών αξιών. Το εγωκεντρικό και ωφελιμιστικό πνεύμα που επικρατεί σήμερα σε κάθε έκφανση της ζωής υπεισήλθε και μόλυνε και το πνεύμα του αθλητισμού - το οποίο στην αυθεντική του μορφή είναι πνεύμα άμιλλας και υπέρβασης των ανθρώπινων δυνατοτήτων. Έτσι, υπάρχει μια ανισοκρατία στην άμιλλα, ενώ η θήρα του αθέμιτου ανταγωνισμού και του κέρδους έφθειραν και ακόμη φθείρουν το πνεύμα του αθλητισμού. Η τάση, αναίρεσης, ωστόσο, των αρχών του καλώς αγωνίζεσθαι, διαμορφώνεται από την παρεχόμενη προς τους νέους «παιδεία», που υποθάλπει τον γρήγορο και εύκολο πλουτισμό ή την με οποιοδήποτε τίμημα προβολή των ανθρώπων. Το αποτέλεσμα είναι, αντί για την, μετά από δίκαιο αγώνα, ηθική ανύψωση του αθλούμενου, και αντί για τον καθαρό αγώνα εντός του σταδίου, να επιβραβεύεται ο δόλος, τα σκοτεινά παρασκήνια και η συνολική αλλοτρίωση της ιδέας του αθλητισμού ως αξίας. Η υποκειμενική αποτίμηση της αθλητικής νίκης έχει αντικαταστήσει το φιλοσοφικό της περιεχόμενο με την οικονομική της αξία. Η αθλητική νίκη υπό το κριτήριο αυτό θεωρείται ως καρπός της κυριαρχίας της υποκειμενικότητας, κυριαρχία την οποία η αυθεντική φιλοσοφική σκέψη οφείλει να υπερβεί. Η οπτική γωνία δεν μπορεί να είναι η βούληση για δύναμη, αλλά η άρνηση της ιδιοτέλειας, καθώς επίσης και η βούληση για άρση πάσης μορφής δύναμης που οδηγεί σε πλάσματα κυριαρχίας, άρα στην καταπίεση της ίδιας της ζωής. Η κακοποίηση των ηθικών αξιών φαίνεται πως οφείλεται, επομένως, κυρίως στην εναλλαγή των τιμών έντασης των αξιών αυτών, οι οποίες, ωστόσο, πάντα προσφέρουν τη δυνατότητα να αξιολογηθούν από τις επερχόμενες γενιές περισσότερο αυθεντικά από ό,τι ισχύει σήμερα.

This article provides the constructivist approach of religious education in Greek schools. As religious literacy is essential in interpretation of the contemporary world issues, religious education seems to be indispensable in schools according to international and European surveys and pedagogical theories. However, E.U. recommends a compulsory religious education provided to be objective and non-confessional, as it is in Greece according to the two recent curriculums of 2003 and 2011. The author imposes constructivist approach of religious education because it meets the attainments of the education generally and especially a post modern religious education. He also suggests a stage pedagogical strategy of the instruction, posing a particular proposal for the forthcoming change of religious education in the 4th, 5th and 6th years of High School (Lyceum).

(2013). Η ιδέα της ατομικής ελευθερίας ως υπόβαθρο του Ολυμπισμού Το σύγχρονο αθλητικό περιβάλλον, όπου οι μετέχοντες προσπαθούν να κερδίσουν το πλεονέκτημα από τους αντιπάλους τους καταφεύγοντας σε παράνομες φαρμακευτικές ουσίες, συνεπάγεται όχι μόνο την παράβαση του γράμματος του νόμου, αλλά και την ακύρωση του ίδιου του ολυμπιακού πνεύματος. Η μοντέρνα ολυμπιακή ιδεολογία δεν προήλθε, όμως, από παρθενογένεση, αλλά είναι απόρροια της κυρίαρχης κοινωνικής και πολιτικής ιδεολογίας, οι οποίες ευνοούν τον ακραίο ανταγωνισμό, την κοινωνική επιθετικότητα, τις ταξικές αντιθέσεις και την ιδιοτέλεια. Η αφιλοκερδής ένταξη, ωστόσο, σ’ έναν σκοπό, η εντιμότητα στον αγώνα, ο σεβασμός στον αντίπαλο -και όχι εχθρό- ο αυτοέλεγχος, η συμμετοχή για προσωπική ικανοποίηση και όχι για την εκπλήρωση αλλότριων προσδοκιών, είναι αξιολογικές προϋποθέσεις, που μειώνουν τον ατομισμό και τον ωφελιμισμό. Κυρίως, όμως, η αξιολογική συνεισφορά της ομαδικότητας του αθλητισμού συνίσταται στο ότι η συμμετοχή του ανθρώπου στον αγώνα αποτελεί πράξη εθελοντική και εκούσια. Ο Ολυμπισμός, επομένως, συνδέεται με τον αυθορμητισμό, την αυθεντικότητα, την αυτενέργεια, και όχι με την υποχρέωση, το καθήκον, και τον ηθικό ή υλικό εξαναγκασμό. Κατά συνέπεια, η ιδέα του Ολυμπισμού έχει ως υπόβαθρο την ιδέα της ατομικής ελευθερίας. Ο αθλητής συμμετέχει με πλήρη συνείδηση της ατομικότητάς του, προκειμένου να δώσει τον εαυτό του σε μια υπόθεση που τον αφορά, επειδή ο ίδιος την επέλεξε, και είναι έτοιμος να προσμετρηθεί με τον έτερο, γνωρίζοντας, όμως, οτι δεν πρόκειται για μια υπόθεση ζωής, αλλά για μια προσωρινή δοκιμασία, απ’ την οποία μπορεί κάθε στιγμή να εξέλθει. Αν, όμως, υπάρχουν πιέσεις και οικονομικά κίνητρα, τότε η προσωπική ελευθερία του αθλητή μεταμορφώνεται σε γενικευμένη δέσμευση. Η «άδολη», φαινομενικά, χαρά για το επίτευγμα της αθλητικής νίκης, διαθέτει τον μηχανισμό της, καθώς η μεγιστοποίηση της αθλητικής νίκης οδηγεί σε λάθος αίσθηση και σε αλλοίωση ή αλλοτρίωση των αληθινών αξιών.*** http://edopanepistimio.uoa.gr/index.php?p=opinions&id=632

The objective of the present paper is to present an alternative method of foreign language learning, the tandem. We try to define it, we refer to the way that it can work and how it can be applied in language learning. Next, we are focusing our interest on the electronic tandem and analyze certain digital tools that are used in implementing this particular process. The tools are categorized by the type of communication (synchronous or asynchronous) that they achieve and their presentation includes information about what these tools are, how they are used and whether their use is easy, the way they can help the participants throughout the process, but also the problems associated with their use. More specifically, we refer to the chat, the videoconference and the virtual worlds which are considered tools of synchronous communication. We also analyze the e mail and the blog, which are tools of asynchronous communication. Finally, we refer to the use of the social media in the tandem process, which are considered tools that combine synchronous with asynchronous communication Our final objective is to inform the teachers and students of the foreign languages about the possibilities that the tandem offers and to motivate educational institutions to incorporate the particular method in their educational programs.    

Στο βιβλίο αυτό εξετάζεται ο τρόπος συγκρότησης και μετασχηματισμού των αναλυτικών προγραμμάτων της δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης της περιόδου 1950-1980. σε μεθοδολογικό επίπεδο, επιχειρείται η σύνδεση της μικρο- με τη μακρο-ανάλυση μέσα από τη συνάρτηση των διαδικασιών συγκρότησης και μετασχηματισμών στο κοινωνικό επίπεδο (δομικές σχέσεις, θεσμικοί ρόλοι, φορείς δράσης κτλ.) με τις διαδικασίες συγκρότησης και μετασχηματισμών των αναλυτικών προγραμμάτων. Τα αναλυτικά προγράμματα προσεγγίζονται τόσο από την πλευρά των δομών και λειτουργιών (η σχέση τους με τα δομικά πεδία και η λειτουργία που επιτελούν) όσο και από την πλευρά των φορέων (ποιοι φορείς δραστηριοποιούνται και με ποιον τρόπο κατά τις διαδικασίες συγκρότησης και μετασχηματισμού τους). Στη συγκεκριμένη περίπτωση, το ιδεολογικό και το πολιτικό πλαίσιο φαίνεται να κυριαρχούν στις διαδικασίες συγκρότησης της σχολικής γνώσης, ενώ, αντιθέτως, το οικονομικό πλαίσιο δε φαίνεται να επιδρά. Ως εκ τούτου, τα αναλυτικά προγράμματα της περιόδου αυτής δε θα μπορούσαν να θεωρηθούν ως άμεση αντανάκλαση και επιβολή των συμφερόντων της αστικής τάξης στο ιδεολογικό-επομένως και στο εκπαιδευτικό-πεδίο. Συνεπώς, ως προς τη μεθοδολογική διάσταση, αυτό που φαίνεται να προκύπτει μέσα από την παραπάνω προσέγγιση είναι η εξέταση των αναλυτικών προγραμμάτων της συγκεκριμένης περιόδου, λόγω του ιδιαίτερου τρόπου σχηματισμού - και μετασχηματισμού- των κοινωνικών δομών και της ιδιότυπης διαδικασίας συγκρότησης του κράτους και των ιδεολογιών που το νομιμοποίησαν (ιδίως κατά τις πρώτες μεταπολεμικές δεκαετίες), χρήζει μιας διαφορετικής προσέγγισης, πέρα από τις συνήθεις, κατά βάση στρουκτουραλιστικές προσεγγίσεις.

Καμπερίδου, Ειρήνη (2013).  «Μετάφραση Αποσπασμάτων από την έρευνα της Ειρήνης Καμπερίδου "Γυναίκες Επιχειρηματίες: Δεν μπορούμε να έχουμε αλλαγή αν δεν συμμετέχουν και οι άνδρες," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013, a Springer Open Journal»,  σελ. 20-22. Ημερομηνία δημοσίευσης, 2013/12, ICAP Marketing Solutions. LWB- Leading Women in Business / οι γυναίκες Ηγέτες των επιχειρήσεων στην Ελλάδα. [ΕΝΘΕΤΟ ΣΤΑ ΝΕΑ]. C.0.  in Apella

Στὸ παρὸν κείμενο θὰ προβοῦμε σὲ μία σύντομη παρουσίαση τῆς διαδρομῆς σὲ θεωρία καὶ ἐφαρμογὴ τῶν ἐπόψεων τοῦ Ἀχμὲτ Νταβούτογλου, ὅπως αὐτὲς ἐμφανίζονται στὸ ἔργον του «Stratejik Derinlik. Türkiye’ nin Uluslararasi Konumu», Küre Yayinlari, Istanbul, 182004 (1η ἔκδοσις 2001) καὶ στὶς ἀντίστοιχες μεταφράσεις μέρους τῶν κείμενων αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τὸν συνάδελφο ∆ρα Κωνστ. Γῶγο, ὅπως καὶ στὴν ἀντίστοιχο μετάφραση τοῦ συγκεκριμένου ἔργου ἀπὸ τὸν ἐκδοτικὸν οἶκο Ποιότητα τοῦ ἔτους 2010. Θὰ παρουσιάσομε τὸ πρὶν ἀπὸ αὐτὸ ὑπάρχον ἰδεολογικὸ ἰσλαμικὸ καὶ νεοοθωμανικὸ ὑπόβαθρο, ὅπως καὶ τοὺς κυρίους πολιτικοὺς ὑποστηρικτάς του σὲ ἐπίπεδο τουρκικῆς πολιτικῆς ἐξουσίας. Κατόπιν θὰ παρουσιάσομε τὰ κύρια σημεῖα τῆς γεωπολιτικῆς του προσεγγίσεως, τὰ ὁποῖα κινοῦνται στὴν σφαῖρα τῶν κλασικῶν γεωστρατηγιστῶν/γεωπολιτικῶν τῆς γερμανικῆς καὶ ἀγγλοσαξωνικῆς σχολῆς. Ὁ Νταβούτογλου ἀποτελεῖ κλασικὸ παράδειγμα ἐρευνητοῦ τοῦ διεθνοῦς γίγνεσθαι μὲ σημαντικὰ ἐπιστημολογικὰ καὶ μεθοδολογικὰ ἐλλείμματα: δὲν ἔχει διακρίνει οὔτε αὐτὸς τὴν διαφορὰ μεταξὺ τῆς Γεωπολιτικῆς Ἀναλύσεως καὶ τῆς Γεωστρατηγικῆς Συνθετικῆς προτασεολογίας. Πρόκειται γιὰ πραγματικότητα, ἡ ὁποία ἀνακύπτει, ὅταν ὁ ἴδιος ἀναφέρεται στὰ ἠθικὰ καὶ ἐπιστημονικὰ διλήμματα τῶν κοινωνικῶν ἐπιστημόνων. Ἡ στάσις αὐτὴ ἐπιφέρει σοβαρὸ πλῆγμα στὴν ὅλη γεωπολιτική του ἀνάλυση καὶ ἐντάσσει τὴν μεθοδολογία του, ὅπως καὶ τὸ συγκεκριμένο ἔργο του, ἐξ ἀρχῆς στὴν γεωστρατηγικὴ ἐπιστημολογικὴ σφαῖρα τῶν —ὁπωσδήποτε, συστηματικῶν καὶ ἐμβριθῶν— προτάσεων πολιτικῆς. Τέλος θὰ καταλήξομε μὲ τὴν —γενικῆς μορφῆς— ἀνάδειξη ἐκείνων τῶν σημείων μεγέθους ‘Υποσυστήματος τῆς νταβουτογλιανῆς γεωπολιτικῆς καὶ γεωστρατηγικῆς προσεγγίσεως, τὰ ὁποῖα ὑπὸ τὸ φῶς τῆς συστημικῆς γεωπολιτικῆς ἀναλύσεως κρίνονται ὡς γεωστρατηγικῶς ἐπικίνδυνα γιὰ τὰ ἑλληνικὰ ἐθνικὰ συμφέροντα. Τὸ παρὸν κείμενο, θὰ ἀποτελέσει ἔναυσμα γιὰ βαθυτέραν καὶ πληρεστέραν μελέτη τοῦ νταβουτογλιανοῦ ἔργου εἰς τὸ ἐγγὺς μέλλον.

Το παρόν κείμενο αποτελεί άρθρο του Καθηγητή Ιωάννη Μάζη, σε συνεργασία με τον Αναστάσιο Μαρίνο και τον Κυριάκο Νικολάου-Πατραγα και αναφέρεται στον ἀπαλλακτικὸ ὅρκο, ὡς ἀποδεικτικὸν μέσον, στην ἰσλαμικῇ δίκῃ.

Πρακτικά Α´ Μεσανατολικού Συνεδρίου του Αθήνησι Πανεπιστημίου

The aim of this research was to investigate children’s reading preferences as related to gender, age, socio-economic level, general academic achievement and reading achievement. Participants were 1,136 fourth- and sixth-grade students from public schools in Athens. They completed the Greek adaptation of The Reading Preferences Survey (Bundy, 1982). The data indicated statistically significant differences among all variables studied. Results are discussed in the framework of the existing research literature on reading preferences of primary school children and in relation to well-known theoretical formulations about children’s reading. Finally, on the basis of the data, suggestions for promoting children’s love of reading are presented.

Στο πλαίσιο του Προγράμματος Ημερίδων και Επιμορφωτικών Διαλέξεων 2013 του Τμήματος Επιστήμης Φυσικής Αγωγής και Αθλητισμού (ΤΕΦΑΑ) του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών, ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον παρουσίασα, στις 20/3/2013 το θέμα: «Διαχρονική προσέγγιση του γυναικείου αποκλεισμού: Ο αθλητισμός ως πεδίο κοινωνικής χειραφέτησης». Είδαμε ότι οι πραγματικά υφιστάμενες βιολογικές διαφορές μεταξύ των φύλων -οι οποίες φυσικά υπάρχουν- αποτέλεσαν κατά το παρελθόν αφορμή, δικαιολογία, πρόφαση ή πάτημα για τον αποκλεισμό της γυναίκας από τα αθλητικά δρώμενα και κυρίως την υποεκπροσώπησή της στην ιεραρχία των αθλητικών θεσμών μέχρι και σήμερα, πχ. Διεθνούς Ολυμπιακή Επιτροπή (ΔΟΕ). Η αθλητική ταυτότητα συνδέεται με διάφορες κοινωνικο-πολιτισμικές έννοιες-νοήματα από την αρχή των Ολυμπιακών Αγώνων, τον 19ο αιώνα, όταν οι γυναίκες ήταν αποκλεισμένες όχι μόνο από τον αθλητισμό, αλλά και από τον ευρύτερο κοινωνικό-δημόσιο τομέα. Παρατηρείται ότι ο ολυμπιακός αθλητισμός εμφανίζεται από τις αρχές της κοινωνικής του παρουσίας ως εκείνος ο θεσμός ο οποίος περιθωριοποίησε τις γυναικείες αξιώσεις για συμμετοχή. Από την άλλη πλευρά αποτέλεσε και πεδίο κοινωνικής χειραφέτησης για την γυναίκα. Αρχικά εξέτασα πως παγιώθηκαν και αναπαράγονται τα στερεότυπα περί ασθενές φύλου, τις κυρίαρχες «επιστημονικές», κοινωνικές και εθιμοτυπικές αντιλήψεις του 19ου και αρχές 20ου αιώνα, σύμφωνα με τις οποίες η ενασχόληση της γυναίκας με τον αγωνιστικό αθλητισμό θεωρείτο βιολογικά και ψυχικά επιβλαβής. Ασφαλώς και η στάση της ΔΟΕ, της ανδροκρατούμενης επιτροπής, απηχούσε γενικότερες κοινωνικές αντιλήψεις γύρω από τη σχέση των γυναικών με τη γυμναστική και τα σπορ. Δηλαδή, προσαρμοσμένοι στο πνεύμα της εποχής τους οι εκπρόσωποι των σημαντικότερων θεσμών του αθλητισμού των επιδόσεων, ήταν απορριπτικοί έως εχθρική όσον αφορά στη συμμετοχή των γυναικών. Η αντίληψη ότι ο κοινωνικός ρόλος της γυναίκας εξαντλείται στο πλαίσιο της οικογένειας βρήκε αντίθετες πολλές γυναίκες και αθλήτριες του 19ου και αρχές του 20ου αιώνα, όπως την Σταματία Ροβίθυ από τη Σύρο και την Κερκυραία Μελπομένη, οι οποίες το 1896 ως ένδειξη διαμαρτυρίας και αντίδρασης για τον αποκλεισμό των γυναικών από τους πρώτους σύγχρονους Ολυμπιακούς Αγώνες, διήνυσαν την επίσημη μαραθώνια ολυμπιακή διαδρομή, από τον Μαραθώνα μέχρι το Παναθηναϊκό στάδιο, σε 5½ ώρες και 4 ½ ώρες αντίστοιχα. Ωστόσο, εξαιρετικό ενδιαφέρον παρουσιάζει η γυναικεία επιχειρηματικότητα της Γαλλίδας αθλήτρια-ακτιβίστρια, Alice Milliat, η οποία διοργάνωσε τις γυναικείες Ολυμπιάδες, γνωστοί ως «Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες Γυναικών» (1921-1936), καθώς και άλλα γυναικεία αθλητικά events και πρωταθλήματα, όπως γυναικείο ποδόσφαιρο και ποδηλασία, σε εποχές που η αθλητική δραστηριότητα των γυναικών στιγματιζόταν κοινωνικά. Οι γυναικείες Ολυμπιάδες ήταν η απάντηση φεμινιστικών κύκλων και της Γυναικείας Διεθνούς Αθλητικής Ομοσπονδίας (Féderation Sportive Féminine Internationale), απέναντι στις συνεχείς αρνήσεις της ΔΟΕ και της Διεθνούς Ομοσπονδίας Ερασιτεχνικού Αθλητισμού να επιτραπεί στις γυναίκες να συμμετάσχουν σε ολυμπιακά αθλήματα, θεωρούμενα κατ' εξοχήν ανδρικά, όπως οι αγώνες δρόμου. Η Milliat, ως Πρόεδρος της Γυναικείας Διεθνούς Αθλητικής Ομοσπονδίας, μετά από την μεγάλη επιτυχία των «Ολυμπιακών Αγώνων Γυναικών» στο Παρίσι το 1922, ξεκίνησε διαπραγματεύσεις με τη ΔΟΕ, στις οποίες απαιτούσε την ισότιμη συμμετοχή των γυναικών και ένα ολοκληρωμένο πρόγραμμα γυναικείων αθλημάτων στους ΟΑ, διαφορετικά θα συνεχιζόταν η διοργάνωση των γυναικείων Ολυμπιάδων. Αυτό που κατάφερε, μεταξύ άλλων, ήταν τη συμμετοχή των γυναικών στο στίβο για τους Ολυμπιακούς Αγώνες του Άμστερνταμ το 1928 σε πέντε αθλήματα. Στη δεύτερη ενότητα της εισήγησής της η κυρία Καμπερίδου ανέδειξε ότι ο Ολυμπιακός αθλητισμός αποτέλεσε και αποτελεί πεδίο κοινωνικής χειραφέτησης όχι μόνο για την γυναίκα, αλλά και για πολλές μη-προνομιούχες κοινωνικές/εθνικές ομάδες. Παρέχει το κοινωνικό πλαίσιο για την προβολή/ορατότητα, τη γνωστοποίηση και τη διακήρυξη αιτημάτων, διαμαρτυριών και αντιθέσεων με το κατεστημένο. Εν ολίγοις, ο Ολυμπιακός αθλητισμός αποτελεί μέσο γνωστοποίησης των ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων. Παρέχει αρένα διαμαρτυρίας κατά της κοινωνικής, πολιτικής, ρατσιστικής και φυλετικής βίας. Για παράδειγμα, οι μαζικές διαδηλώσεις διαμαρτυρίας για την καταπάτηση των ανθρώπινων δικαιωμάτων στην Κίνα και στο Θιβέτ που πραγματοποιήθηκαν πριν, κατά τη διάρκεια και μετά τους Ολυμπιακούς Αγώνες του Πεκίνου το 2008 (Καμπερίδου, 2013)------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Η αθλητική ταυτότητα συνδέεται με διάφορες κοινωνικο-πολιτισμικές έννοιες-νοήματα από την αρχή των Ολυμπιακών Αγώνων, τον 19ο αιώνα, όταν οι γυναίκες ήταν αποκλεισμένες όχι μόνο από τον αθλητισμό, αλλά και από τον ευρύτερο κοινωνικό-δημόσιο τομέα. Παρατηρείται ότι ο ολυμπιακός αθλητισμός εμφανίζεται από τις αρχές της κοινωνικής του παρουσίας ως εκείνος ο θεσμός ο οποίος περιθωριοποίησε τις γυναικείες αξιώσεις για συμμετοχή. Από την άλλη πλευρά αποτέλεσε και πεδίο κοινωνικής χειραφέτησης για την γυναίκα. Η Γαλλίδα αθλήτρια-ακτιβίστρια, Alice Milliat Milliat, ως Πρόεδρος της Γυναικείας Διεθνούς Αθλητικής Ομοσπονδίας, μετά από την μεγάλη επιτυχία των «Ολυμπιακών Αγώνων Γυναικών» στο Παρίσι το 1922, ξεκίνησε διαπραγματεύσεις με τη ΔΟΕ, στις οποίες απαιτούσε την ισότιμη συμμετοχή των γυναικών και ένα ολοκληρωμένο πρόγραμμα γυναικείων αθλημάτων στους ΟΑ, διαφορετικά θα συνεχιζόταν η διοργάνωση των γυναικείων Ολυμπιάδων. Αυτό που κατάφερε, μεταξύ άλλων, ήταν τη συμμετοχή των γυναικών στο στίβο για τους Ολυμπιακούς Αγώνες του Άμστερνταμ το 1928 σε πέντε αθλήματα. Εξαιρετικό ενδιαφέρον παρουσιάζει η γυναικεία επιχειρηματικότητα της Milliat, η οποία διοργάνωσε τις γυναικείες Ολυμπιάδες, γνωστοί ως «Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες Γυναικών» (1921-1936), καθώς και άλλα γυναικεία αθλητικά events και πρωταθλήματα, όπως γυναικείο ποδόσφαιρο και ποδηλασία, σε εποχές που η αθλητική δραστηριότητα των γυναικών στιγματιζόταν κοινωνικά. Οι γυναικείες Ολυμπιάδες ήταν η απάντηση φεμινιστικών κύκλων και της Γυναικείας Διεθνούς Αθλητικής Ομοσπονδίας (Féderation Sportive Féminine Internationale), απέναντι στις συνεχείς αρνήσεις της ΔΟΕ και της Διεθνούς Ομοσπονδίας Ερασιτεχνικού Αθλητισμού να επιτραπεί στις γυναίκες να συμμετάσχουν σε ολυμπιακά αθλήματα, θεωρούμενα κατ' εξοχήν ανδρικά, όπως οι αγώνες δρόμου. Στη δεύτερη ενότητα θα δούμε ότι  ο Ολυμπιακός αθλητισμός αποτέλεσε και αποτελεί πεδίο κοινωνικής χειραφέτησης όχι μόνο για την γυναίκα, αλλά και για πολλές μη-προνομιούχες κοινωνικές/εθνικές ομάδες. Παρέχει το κοινωνικό πλαίσιο για την προβολή/ορατότητα, τη γνωστοποίηση και τη διακήρυξη αιτημάτων, διαμαρτυριών και αντιθέσεων με το κατεστημένο. Εν ολίγοις,  αναδεικνύτεαι ότι ο Ολυμπιακός αθλητισμός αποτελεί μέσο γνωστοποίησης των ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων. Παρέχει αρένα διαμαρτυρίας κατά της κοινωνικής, πολιτικής, ρατσιστικής και φυλετικής βίας. Για παράδειγμα, οι μαζικές διαδηλώσεις διαμαρτυρίας για την καταπάτηση των ανθρώπινων δικαιωμάτων στην Κίνα και στο Θιβέτ που πραγματοποιήθηκαν πριν, κατά τη διάρκεια και μετά τους Ολυμπιακούς Αγώνες του Πεκίνου το 2008 (Καμπερίδου, 2011) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Καμπερίδου, Ειρήνη (2013). "Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες Γυναικών" - Διαχρονική προσέγγιση του γυναικείου αποκλεισμού: ο αθλητισμός ως πεδίο κοινωνικής χειραφέτησης. Εισήγηση (20/3/2013) στο πλαίσιο του Προγράμματος Ημερίδων και Επιμορφωτικών Διαλέξεων 2013 του Τμήματος Επιστήμης Φυσικής Αγωγής και Αθλητισμού (ΤΕΦΑΑ) του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ). [Women’s Olympic Games – historical perspective on women’s exclusion: sport as a social emancipation space, presentation at the seminars of the School of Physical Ed. & Sport Science, Athens, March 20, 2013  ]

The  aim  of  this  research  was  to  examine  school  bullying  and  victimization  among  young adolescents (12-15 years old) as well as its relation to age, gender, and area of residence.  Participants  were  536  seventh,  eighth,  and  ninth  graders  from  lower-secondary schools located at Athens and the city of Agrinio. Students completed the Revised  Olweus  Bully/Victim  Questionnaire  (Olweus,  2006).  Results  did  not  show  statistically  significant  differences  between  seventh,  eighth  and  ninth  graders  as  to  their  classification  in  the  categories  “bully”,  “victim”  and  “bully/victim”.  Indirect  types of bullying and victimization became more frequent with advancing age. Boys were  more  likely  to  be  categorized  as  bullies  compared  to  girls,  who  were  more  likely to be victimized. Adolescents living in the city of Agrinio were more likely to be victims and reported a higher tendency for bullying and victimization compared to adolescents living in Athens. Results are discussed in the framework of the exist-ing Greek and international research on bullying among young adolescents.

ΤΟ ΟΛΥΜΠΙΑΚΟ ΙΔΕΩΔΕΣ. ΠΑΓΚΟΣΜΙΑ ΚΡΙΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΠΡΟΟΠΤΙΚΕΣ ΓΟΓΓΑΚΗ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΑ, 2013, Αθήνα: Gutenberg Το ολυμπιακό ιδεώδες διέρχεται σήμερα κρίση εκ των πραγμάτων, διέρχεται, όμως, κρίση και από το πνεύμα της εποχής. Ο πολιτικός ανταγωνισμός που αναπτύσσεται μεταξύ των χωρών, το οικονομικό δέλεαρ έτσι όπως προβάλλεται από τον υλικό πολιτισμό, η τεχνολογική εξειδίκευση η οποία αντιμετωπίζει τον άνθρωπο ως animal machine κατά την ορολογία του Καρτέσιου, και μάλιστα βιονικό, έχουν ως αποτέλεσμα την διαμόρφωση ενός ανθρώπου μονοσήμαντου, κατά τον ορισμό του Μαρκούζε, και την φθορά και την απαξίωση της ολυμπιακής ιδέας ως αξίας. Το πνεύμα της ευγενούς άμιλλας υπονομεύεται από το ωφελιμιστικό και εγωκεντρικό πνεύμα της σύγχρονης τεχνοκρατικής κοινωνίας, αλλά έχει σχέση και με την ίδια την πολιτική κοινωνία. Η τάση προς επιλογές αναίρεσης των αρχών του ευ αγωνίζεσθαι, διαμορφώνεται από την παρεχόμενη προς τους νέους παιδεία που υποστηρίζει τον γρήγορο και εύκολο πλουτισμό και την με οποιοδήποτε τίμημα προβολή των ανθρώπων. Ο αθλητισμός, κατ' επέκταση και οι αθλητές, δεν αποκόπτονται από το κοινωνικό και πολιτικό περιβάλλον, συνεπώς και από τις αξίες που διέπουν την ζωή της πολιτικής κοινωνίας. Παρά τις επιφυλάξεις, υπάρχουν, ωστόσο, μηνύματα σθεναρής κριτικής, η οποία αποβλέπει στην διάσωση των θεμελιωδών αξιών, στην αποδοκιμασία των αρνητικών φαινομένων του σύγχρονου αθλητισμού, στον έλεγχο της απληστίας αλλά και της μονομέρειας, στην αντικατάσταση των προτύπων επιτυχίας από πρότυπα αξίας και στον σεβασμό της ανθρώπινης δισυπόστατης φύσης. (Από το οπισθόφυλλο του βιβλίου).