Publications

Purpose: In recent years, increasing numbers of patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma have been diagnosed by chance and followed without any therapy. Those at risk for early or late disease progression should be distinguished in order to prevent complications. This study defined prognostic factors that would predict the need for early treatment. Patients and Methods: We followed 95 patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma without chemotherapy between 1974 and 1991. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine was conducted in 23% of patients with normal radiographs. An increase in serum myeloma protein to more than 50 g/L or new lytic bone lesions justified the institution of chemotherapy. Response to treatment and survival were assessed, and prognostic factors were defined for early or late disease progression by standard techniques. Results: The median time to progression in all patients was 26 months. The 25 patients with either a lytic bone lesion, or both serum peak greater than 30 g/L and Bence Jones proteinuria, had the shortest median time to progression of 10 months; the 27 patients without any harmful factor remained stable for a median of 61 months. MRI confirmed bone or marrow disease in half of the patients with normal radiographs and may assist in the prognostic staging. Despite the markedly different times of disease stability, the response rates and survival after chemotherapy were similar for all groups of patients. Conclusion: Among asymptomatic patients with multiple myeloma, the extent of disease at diagnosis and the subsequent rate of disease evolution were major factors in the total survival time. These patients are a markedly heterogeneous group who may benefit from different approaches to treatment according to defined risk factors. © 1993.

We present a formalism for the calculation of the scattering of electromagnetic waves by a substitutionally disordered two-dimensional array of spherical particles. The formalism, which constitutes an extension of the coherent-potential approximation scheme to electromagnetic waves is valid for any frequency of the incident wave and for any size and/or concentration of the particles. We demonstrate the applicability of our formalism by applying it to the evaluation of the absorbance of disordered arrays of plasma spheres.

Two very young clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), NGC 2098 ans SL 666, were selected for the search for mass segregation. Here we present te first results for NGC 2098. The analysis is still in progress and details will be published elsewhere. The present data confirm that the brightest main sequence stars of NGC 2098 are concentrated in the central 1.5 arcmin. The question now arises whether the cluster itself is indeed extended beyond 1.5 arcmin. Extensive star counts are now being performed in all directions and at large radii around NGC 2098 to help settle this question.

Two types of tasks are to be scheduled on a single processor under incomplete information about the task lengths. We derive the structure of optimal scheduling rules w.r.t. flowtime, as well as asymptotic approximations for a large number of tasks, when the length distributions belong to a one-parameter exponential family. © 1993, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.

The authors conclude that serum levels of sIL-2R and β2M may play a role in the early diagnosis and identification of patients with chronic rejection.

sIL-2R and NSE were measured in 24 patients with small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung, in 25 patients with non small cell carcinoma (NSCC) and in 20 controls matched for age, sex and smoking habits. Significantly elevated values of sIL-2R and NSE were found in the SCC group (mean ± SEM: 2103 ± 314.4 U/ml and 44.5 ± 7.3 ng/ml repsectively), compared to those in the NSCC group (1079 ± 104.5 U/ml and 3.64 ± 0.8 ng/ml, p < 10-7 respectively) and to controls (561 ± 44.6 U/ml and 1.7 ± 0.3 ng/ml p < 10-5). In the SCC group, 83.3% of sIL-2R and 87.5% of NSE values were above cut-off (900 U/ml and 10 ng/ml respectively), while in the NSCC group, 48% of sIL-2R and only 8% of NSE values were above cut-off. In the controls, all values of both parameters were below cut-off. The results suggest that sIL-2R and NSE in concurrent measurements may help in decision making as regards treatment and prognosis.

A line of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells called CK1.4 was produced by transfection with the gene for the bovine cardiac Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger. CK1.4 cells stably expressed substantial exchange activity and exchanger protein as shown by immunoprecipitation. Exchange activity was quantified as 45Ca2+ influx that depended on both increasing intracellular Na+ and lowering the concentration of external Na+. Replacing external Na+ with K+ slightly increased 45Ca2+ uptake by CK1.4 cells with basal Na+ and greatly increased 45Ca2+ uptake by Na(+)-loaded cells. Neither exchange activity nor exchanger protein was detected in the nontransfected parental line. By contrast to CK1.4 cells, replacing external Na+ with K+ decreased 45Ca2+ uptake in the nontransfected cells whether or not they were Na+ loaded. Changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ determined with fura-2 were consistent with the 45Ca2+ uptake data. Analysis of poly(A)(+)-RNA by Northern blot confirmed that CK1.4 cells, but not the parental line, expressed the exchanger. Expression of the exchanger was also observed in aortic myocytes and a renal epithelial cell line (LLC-MK2) but not in other lines of renal epithelial cells (MDCK, LLC-PK1) or human dermal fibroblasts. The cardiac exchanger produced substantial 45Ca2+ efflux from CK1.4 cells in response to hormone-evoked release of stored Ca2+. CK1.4 cells are an attractive model for studies of the regulation of the cardiac exchanger because they stably express sufficient exchanger for biochemical and immunological analysis

Subcrustal seismicity recorded in the southern Aegean sea during a 7-week microearthquake study was low compared with shallow seismicity. Most intermediate depth seismicity occurred beneath the western and eastern ends of the Hellenic arc. This distribution confirms that a slab of lithosphere is being subducted at a very shallow (<15°) angle for 200 km beneath the western end (Peloponnese) but more steeply beneath the eastern end (Dodecanese). We could locate only one intermediate depth event beneath the central pan of the arc, where teleseimically located intermediate depth earthquakes also are infrequent. T axes for most of the 22 focal mechanisms of subcrustal earthquakes are roughly parallel to the local dip direction of the seismic zone. Between depths of 40 and 80 km, the mechanisms are more confused than at greater depth, perhaps because some of these earthquakes did not occur within the downgoing slab. Earthquakes deeper than 80 km, and within the subducted slab, have nearly horizontal P axes that trend NNE-SSW in the eastern part and NNW-SSE in the western part of the arc. These deeper mechanisms show horizontal P axes along strike, perhaps in response to the contortion of the slab or to the westward motion of Turkey, as well as lengthening downdip, probably in response to gravity acting on excess mass in the slab. Thus the short slab, both downdip and along strike, subducting beneath the Aegean is subjected to a more complex set of forces than the long slabs of the Pacific.

A five-step synthesis of 3-methylcholanthrene (1) has been achieved starting from 5-methylhomophthalic anhydride and N,N-diethyl-1-naphthamide in 55{%} overall yield. Treatment of a solution of the preformed lithium enolate of 5-methylhomophthalic anhydride (3) with an equimolar solution of 2-lithio-1-naphthamide (4), followed by acid hydrolysis, provides cleanly the spirobislactone 5 in 80{%} overall yield. In addition, the synthesis features a unique, highly selective double Friedel-Crafts cyclization of the aryl diacid 2 with PPA to give rise, after acetylation, to keto acetate 6. © 1993 America Chemical Society.

The electron concentration, the wavefunctions and the energy levels of a n-AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs/n-AlxGa1-xAs double heterojunction are evaluated by solving Schrodinger and Poisson equations self-consistently. The authors investigate, at zero temperature, the dependence of the sheet electron concentration, and the subband populations on the well width, spacer thickness and doping concentrations, for Al mole fraction x=0.3. They give physical interpretations of some interesting characteristics observed. The transition from a 'perfect' square well to a system of 'two separated heterojunctions' is systematically studied. The results are in excellent agreement with previous experiments.

Experiment shows that in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures the sheet electron concentration remains almost constant up to a certain temperature, while it increases at higher temperatures. We attempt an interpretation of this temperature dependence, taking into account the fact that in the bulk, n-AlGaAs deep and shallow donors exist, which independently and by different mechanisms provide electrons to the different conduction band minima of the bulk n-AlGaAs, and contribute to the formation of the Q2DEG. We calculate the electronic states of this structure, the Q2DEG and the bulk concentrations, and the corresponding mobilities as a function of temperature. Our numerical results are in an excellent agreement with experimental data.

Forty patients with multiple myeloma received thiotepa (750 mg/m2), busulfan (10 mg/kg), and cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) (TBC) followed by autologous bone marrow or blood stem cell support. Granulocyte-Colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was administered to accelerate hematopoietic recovery. Sixty-five percent of all patients responded to this treatment. Eighty-eight percent of patients transplanted in partial remission had a further reduction of the myeloma and 53% achieved a complete remission. Forty-eight percent of patients with refractory myeloma responded. All responding patients transplanted during partial remission or with primary refractory myeloma remain free of progression for a period of 4 to 24 months posttransplant, but the remission duration of patients treated in refractory relapse was short (4 months). Five of 24 patients transplanted with marrow and none of 16 receiving blood stem cells died of treatment-related complications. Use of blood stem cells resulted in more rapid granulocyte and platelet recovery. We conclude that TBC is an effective, relatively well tolerated, preparative regimen for patients with multiple myeloma. © 1993 by The American Society of Hematology.

Objective: To evaluate the activity of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2CdA) in the treatment of patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. ■ Design: Uncontrolled phase II trial. ■ Setting: Tertiary, referral cancer center. ■ Patients: Twenty-nine consecutive, symptomatic patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, of whom 9 were previously untreated. ■ Intervention: 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine was administered as a continuous intravenous infusion at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg body weight per day for 7 days. Only two courses of 2CdA were given and responding patients were then followed without further treatment. ■ Measurements and Main Results: A total of 17 (59%) patients responded, including all of those who were newly diagnosed and 40% of those who had failed previous therapies. Treatment was well tolerated except for one death in a patient who had presented with severe pancytopenia. With a median follow-up of 7 months, only one responding patient has relapsed. ■ Conclusion: 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine is a nucleoside analog that was effective in most patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia and was associated with little toxicity.

Sixty-eight patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia were treated either with fludar-abine (28 patients) or 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (40 patients) and responding patients were followed without further treatment. Both programs were well tolerated and myelosuppression was moderate but reversible. Overall, 35 patients responded including 93% of previously untreated patients, 83% of those relapsing off therapy, 48% of patients with primary refractory disease and 15% of those treated during refractory relapse. With a median follow up of 18 months, only two of 15 previously untreated patients have relapsed whereas the median remission duration and survival of previously treated patients were 38 and 43 months respectively. Fludarabine and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine are both highly active agents against Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, especially when administered early in the disease course. © 1993 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.

The binding of sulphafurazole, sulphamethizole and sulphamethoxazole to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human plasma has been studied in-vitro by potentiometry using an electrode selective for the ion probe 1-anilino-8-napthalenesulphonate (ANS). The method requires two separate potentiometric titrations of the binder solution with ANS in the absence and in the presence of sulphonamides. ANS displaced sulphonamides from the first-class of binding sites of both binders. The binding constants for sulphonamide-BSA interactions were higher than those for sulphonamide-human plasma. The expansion of the least linear limit of the response curve of the electrode down to 10(-7) M in the presence of BSA was also demonstrated. The reverse reaction, i.e. the displacement of the probe from the binding sites induced by the sulphonamides, was also explored. The proposed method is suitable for studying competitive binding interactions in biological specimens.

Twenty-three consecutive patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia were studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the spine and computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis. MR imaging studies included sagittal T1-weighted and gradient-recalled-echo sequences performed with and without contrast material enhancement. Marrow involvement was identified with MR imaging in 21 of 23 (91%) patients. Diffuse involvement was noted in 13 patients (56%), and a variegated pattern in eight (35%). CT demonstrated enlarged nodes in 10 of 23 (43%) patients. Correlation of MR imaging patterns and presence of adenopathy at CT with standard laboratory values for Waldenström macroglobulinemia revealed an association of the diffuse MR imaging pattern of marrow involvement and the presence of enlarged nodes at CT with more advanced disease. MR imaging of the spine and CT are reliable means of evaluation of disease status in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. They may be employed as additional means in the staging of Waldenström macroglobulinemia and may be helpful in the follow-up of patients with this rare hematologic malignancy.

Χρήση παραπομπής/ When citing: Καμπερίδου, Ειρήνη (1993). Γυναίκες του Αιγαίου. Οι Χιώτισσες την εποχή του Κολόμβου. ΓΡΑΜΜΑ- GRAMMA  Griechische Zeitschrift fur Deutschland und Europa. Attika Press, Frankfurt, ΕΛΛΗΝΙΜΟΣ, τεύχος 4, Ιούνιος 1993, σελ. 42-43. (Google scholar)

Χρήση παραπομπής/ When citing: Καμπερίδου, Ειρήνη (1993). ΕΙΡΗΝΗ: Αρχή και Όραμα του Ανθρώπου. ΓΡΑΜΜΑ-GRAMMA, Griechische Zeitschrift fur Deutschland und Europa. Attika Press, Frankfurt, τεύχος 8, Οκτ.-Νοεμ. 1993: 90—91.

Χρήση παραπομπής/ When citing:Καμπερίδου, Ειρήνη (1993). Ελληνικός Χορός: Όργανο Ενότητας Σώματος και Πνεύματος. ΓΡΑΜΜΑ-GRAMMA, Griechische Zeitschrift fur Deutschland und Europa. Attika Press, Frankfurt, τεύχος 7, Σεπτ. 1993: 30-31.  

Στο άρθρο αυτό διερευνάται η σημασία της παρουσίας και επίκλησης της Ωραίας Ελένης στον „Faust“ του Goethe. Αφού εξετάζεται η ‘προϊστορία’ του μοτίβου – που συνδέεται εξαρχής με την ιστορία του Φάουστ – αναφέρονται οι συνθήκες υπό τις οποίες συμπεριλαμβάνει ο Goethe την μορφή της Ελένης στον δικό του „Faust“. Γίνεται εκτενής ανάλυση της διαδικασίας προσέγγισής της από τον συγγραφέα και της μεταμόρφωσής της: η Ελένη δεν είναι πια όργανο και επίτευγμα του διαβόλου όπως στο μέχρι τότε πλαίσιο του μύθου του Φάουστ, αλλά σύμβολο της αληθινής ουσίας της τέχνης και της υπέρτατης ομορφιάς, σύμβολο της κλασικής αρχαιότητας, επίτευγμα του Φάουστ ως καλλιτέχνη και πνευματικού δημιουργού. Η Ελένη είναι στον „Faust“ του Goethe ποιητική, πνευματική μορφή. Σύμφωνα με τη θέση του Wolfgang Schadewaldt υποστηρίζεται και στο άρθρο η άποψη πως η Ελένη είναι η απαραίτητη προϋπόθεση για να στραφεί ο Φάουστ στη δραστήρια αντιμετώπιση της ζωής στην τέταρτη και πέμπτη πράξη του „Faust ΙΙ“.

Για βιβλιογραφία και παραπομπή/αναφορά/ when citing:Καμπερίδου, Ειρήνη (1993). Η Ελληνοβουδιστική Τέχνη. Έλληνες και Φιλέλληνες. ΓΡΑΜΜΑ-GRAMMA, Griechische Zeitschrift fur Deutschland und Europa. Attika Press, Frankfurt. ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΟΣ, τεύχος 6, Αυγ. 1993, σελ. 48-50.

ΛΕΞΕΙΣ ΚΛΕΙΔΙΑ: Οι πρώτοι επαγγλεματίες μάγειρες, οι πρώτοι Διαιτολόγοι, Μενού- ελληνική εφεύρεση, Φιλόσοφοι και μάγοι της κουζίνας, Συνδικαλισμός, Αγορονομία, κ.ά.Χρήση παραπομπής/ When citing:  Καμπερίδου, Ειρήνη (1993). Η Μαγειρική Τέχνη στην Αρχαία Ελλάδα. Ο Πολιτισμός του Φαγητού. ΓΡΑΜΜΑ-GRAMMA Griechische Zeitschrift fur Deutschland und Europa. Attika Press, Frankfurt, Τεύχος 1, Μάρτιος 1993: 32-35. Google scholar

YEAR 1993. Καμπερίδου, Ειρήνη (1993). Η Μαγειρική Τέχνη στην Αρχαία Ελλάδα. Οι πρώτοι επαγγελματίες μάγειρες, οι πρώτοι διαιτολόγοι, οι φιλόσοφοι και μάγοι της κουζίνας και ο απαραίτητος συνδικαλισμός. O ΚΑΤΑΝΑΛΩΤΗΣ, Δίμηνη ενημερωτική έκδοση του Καταναλωτικού Πιστωτικού Συνεταιρισμού Αθήνας, Ο Καταναλωτής-COOP αριθμός φύλλου: 2, καλοκαίρι 1993, σελ. 15 (και η συνέχεια στο επόμενο τεύχος). [The art of cooking in ancient Greece and the first professional chefs, dieticians and union activists: philosophers and magicians in the kitchen]

Χρήση παραπομπής/ When citing: Καμπερίδου, Ειρήνη (1993). «Ο Ελληνικός Πυρετός» της Αμερικής. Η συμμετοχή των φιλελλήνων στο εθνικο-απελευθερωτικό αγώνα του 1821.  Πολιτισμός ΓΡΑΜΜΑ-GRAMMA Griechische Zeitschrift fur Deutschland und Europa. Attika Press, Frankfurt, τεύχος 2, Απρίλιος 1993, σελ. 38-39

 ΛΕΞΕΙΣ ΚΛΕΙΔΙΑ: ψυχαγωγία και απόλαυση, Χορτοφαγία, θεραπευτικό κουλούρι , κ.ά. Χρήση παραπομπής/ When citing: Καμπερίδου, Ειρήνη (1993). Ο Πολιτισμός του Φαγητού στην Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορία: Ψυχαγωγία και Απόλαυση. Εκκλησία και Χορτοφαγία. ΓΡΑΜΜΑ- GRAMMA  Griechische Zeitschrift fur Deutschland und Europa. Attika Press, Frankfurt, τεύχος 2, Απρίλιος 1993: 28-31. Google scholar and uoa scholar

Χρήση παραπομπής/ When citing: Καμπερίδου, Ειρήνη (1993). Συγκλονιστικές Μαρτυρίες στο Ευρωπαϊκό συνέδριο για τις Μετανάστριες: αναγκαστικοί πορνεία και μαζική βιασμοί στις εμπόλεμες περιοχές. ΓΡΑΜΜΑ- GRAMMA Griechische Zeitschrift fur Deutschland und Europa. Attika Press, Frankfurt. ΜΕΤΑΝΑΣΤΕΥΣΗ, τεύχος 4, Ιούνιος 1993, σελ.  48-50.

Forty‐three patients received etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and fractionated total body irradiation before allogeneic marrow transplantation. Fifteen patients had chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase or acute leukemia in first remission (standard risk) and twenty‐eight patients with more advanced disease (high risk). All patients received etoposide 1,500 mg/m2 intravenously on day –8, cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg/day intravenously on days –7 and –6, and total body irradiation at 170 cGy twice a day on days –3, –2, and –1. During the first 100 days 12 high risk patients (43%) died from causes unrelated to relapse while none of the standard risk patients died. Renal and hepatic dysfunction were also significantly increased during the first 14 days in the high risk group. The addition of 1,500 mg/m2 of etoposide to the cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation was well tolerated for patients with standard risk. However, the regimen was poorly tolerated with high mortality in patients with more advanced disease. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Copyright © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company

Two clones (p17 and p13), each containing the complete coding sequence for the bovine cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, were obtained from a lambda gt10 cDNA library by screening with cDNA probes from the canine exchanger. The coding sequence of clone p17 was 92 and 98% identical to the canine cDNA at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Nine of the 21 amino acid differences between the two exchangers were found within the 32-amino acid signal sequence. The sequenced portions of the 3' untranslated regions of the cow and dog clones were 88% identical. Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with cRNA from clone p17, and in COS cells transfected with expression vectors containing p17. Immunoprecipitation of 35S-labeled proteins from transfected cells with an antibody against the N-terminal portion of the bovine exchanger showed the presence of a 120-kDa protein corresponding to the intact cardiac exchanger. The second bovine clone (p13) did not express exchange activity in either of the above expression systems, presumably because it contained a 300-bp insert with multiple stop codons which interrupted the coding sequence. Comparison of the 5' untranslated regions of p13 and p17 revealed a 156-bp segment in p17 that was apparently spliced out of p13. This segment contained a short open reading frame. A chimera encoding the 5' untranslated region of p13 and the coding sequence of p17 exhibited only a modest (74%) increase in expressed exchange activity in transfected cells compared to p17, suggesting that the presence of the upstream open reading frame in p17 did not greatly reduce translation efficiency. The results suggest that alternate splicing mechanisms may be involved in processing mRNA for the bovine cardiac exchanger

The complexation of six tricyclic antidepressant drugs {[}amitriptylin (AMN), nortriptylin (NRN), imipramin (IMN), doxepin (DXN), protriptylin (PTN), and maprotilin (MPN)] with alpha-and-beta-cyclodextrins (CDs) using ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) as drug ion sensors is described. Binding parameters were calculated by nonlinear fitting of the model described by the Scatchard equation, to the experimental data of a titration of a CD solution with the ion of interest. One binding site (the CD cavity) was found in all cases with both CDs. The calculated association constants at 25-degrees-C using CD concentrations in the range of 0.0100-0.0010 M, varied from 4.81 x 10(3) M-1 (MPN) to 23.9 x 10(3) M-1 (AMN) in the case of beta-CD and from 50 M-1 (DXN) to 123 M-1 (MPN) in the case of alpha-CD. The precision for the estimation of the binding parameters was 0.1-5.0% (within-run RSD%) and 8-10% (between-run RSD%; n = 3). The complexation of the drugs with beta-CD was also examined as a function of temperature in the range of 5-37-degrees-C; it was found to decrease by increasing temperature. Van't Hoff analysis gave good correlations (r greater-than-or-equal-to 0.989) for all drug ions studied. The estimates of the thermodynamic parameters indicate that the formation of inclusion complexes is enthalpy driven. A compensation plot based on the thermodynamic parameters DELTA-H and DELTA-S resulted in a linear relationship, which is indicative of a common type of force involved in the complexation of drugs to beta-CD.

Compton scattering of low-frequency photons in a converging flow of cold plasma is studied. The equation of radiative transfer in the case of spherical near-critical steady state accretion onto a neutron star is solved analytically. The inner boundary condition is that the neutron star surface is completely reflective, or that there is a magnetopause with an empty cavity inside it. The photons escape diffusively and electron scattering is the dominant source of opacity. The energy gain of the photon comes entirely from the bulk motion of the converging flow of the accreting gas. The spectrum observed at infinity is a power law at high frequencies with photon number spectral index essentially -1. This spectrum is significantly flatter than that found for accretion into black holes.

In several studies in humans and animals it has been suggested that high osmolality and ionicity of contrast media are responsible for higher nephrotoxicity. To examine this suggestion, we evaluated the renal effects of three different contrast media-an ionic high osmolar, an ionic low osmolar, and a nonionic-following intravenous and renal arterial administration, in a population of 84 unselected, nondiabetic patients with adequate renal function. The results showed that the nephrotoxicity is minimal and equal for all three contrast media and for both routes of their administration, and it is concluded that in this category of patients the far higher cost of the newer low osmolar ionics and nonionics should be considered seriously in regard to nephrotoxicity. © 1992 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.

Purpose: The effects of involved-field radiotherapy were assessed in patients with a solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SBP). Patients and Methods: Forty-five consecutive patients with an SBP received megavoltage irradiation of at least 3,000 cGy. The median age was 53 years, 67% of patients showed a myeloma protein, and uninvolved immunoglobulins (Igs) were preserved in 93% of patients. Results: Permanent control of presenting disease was achieved in all but two patients, but 46% of patients developed multiple myeloma. When it occurred, progression of myeloma occurred within 3 years in two thirds of the patients, suggesting that the extent of disease was understaged at diagnosis. Myeloma protein disappeared in nine patients (30%) whose disease has not yet recurred. The median survival for all patients was 13 years and the myeloma- specific survival fraction at 10 years was 53%. Conclusion: In patients with an SBP, the disappearance of myeloma protein with involved-field radiotherapy predicted long-term disease-free survival and possible cure. Nonsecretory disease and persistent myeloma protein after treatment were adverse prognostic factors for which adjuvant therapy with interferon alfa should be considered.

The appropriate Scatchard equation was developed for a system involving the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 substrate:cyclodextrin complexes. Simulation of this system was performed under the most common experimental conditions encountered in this type of study. The use of the equation allows for nonlinear least-squares estimation of the association constants. The interaction of the model compounds 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate (1,8-ANS) and 2(p-toluidinyl)-6-naphthalenesulfonate (2,6-TNS) with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) was used to evaluate the theoretical model. Binding experiments were performed using either potentiometric titration or fluorimetric detection. The experimental data for 1,8-ANS/beta-CD fit well to the 1:1 binding model, with an association constant of 87 +/- 1 M-1. The association constants of the 1:1 and 1:2 2,6-TNS/beta-CD complexes utilizing direct potentiometry were 3737 +/- 6 and 149 +/- 2 M-1. It is shown that fluorimetry can give biased estimates for the association constants of the complexation 2,6-TNS/beta-CD, since the assumption of an equivalent quantum yield of bound species is not valid.

Objective: To study and compare the secretion of pregnancy specific β1- glycoprotein (SP1) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by human pre- embryos, cultured in vitro, with their respective morphological development. Design: Spare human pre-embryos from randomly selected women participating in a program of in vitro fertilization (IVF) were studied prospectively. Setting: Pre-embryos were cultured, and hormone release was determined in academic research laboratories. Patients, Participants: Pre-embryos (n = 108) cultured for 14 days after fertilization in Ham's F-10 medium (GIBCO Ltd., Paisley, Scotland) were observed, and hCG and SP1 were measured in the culture media at regular intervals. Main Outcome Measures: Discordant secretion of SP1 and hCG. Results: Of the 98 bipronucleate pre-embryos, 53.6% formed blastocysts, 17.3% of which hatched. Human chorionic gonadotropin was detected from day 7 after fertilization concomitantly with blastocyst formation, thereafter showing a logarithmic increase (maximum 10,650 mIU) until the first signs of embryonic disintegration. Pregnancy- specific β1-glycoprotein release started 3 to 4 days after fertilization independently of the morphological development and the future production of hCG, thereafter displaying a nonlogarithmic increase (maximum 41 ng). Conclusions: Hormone secretion and morphological development are unique for each pre-embryo. Human chorionic gonadotropin and SP1 seem to have different biochemical and physiological regulation.

In this study we measured eight different tumor markers (PSA, PAP, TPA, CEA, Ca 50, Ca 19-9, Ca 125 and Ca 15-3) in 39 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma and in 90 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. We then calculated the sensitivity and specificity for each tumor marker separately and found that only PSA, when we consider as normal value 10 ng/ml, has a sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity. Our conclusion is that only PSA can be used for diagnostic purposes in conjunction with other diagnostic modalities.

The EPR spectra of polycrystalline oxygenated and non-oxygenated (large oxygen deficiency) LaBa2Cu3O7- delta compounds, obtained at various temperatures, were studied and analysed. The oxygenated samples showed a transition temperature Tc at about 50 K. The EPR spectrum of the Cu2+ ions in the orthorhombic local symmetry was observed. It was found that these spectra are essentially influenced by an oxygen deficiency and thermal treatment. In the non-oxygenated samples, at a certain stage of the annealing process an EPR spectrum was detected at low temperatures. After the final anneal, this EPR spectrum showed significant changes. Changes were also observed in the corresponding XRD spectra indicating reductions in the concentrations of the CuO and BaCuO2 impurity phases. Additionally, the EPR spectrum of divalent copper ions in the axial local symmetry in the dx2-y2 ground state was observed.

EPR measurements at room temperature (RT) on the oxygen deficient (La, Tm)-Ba-Cu-O compound (tetragonal phase) revealed a line centered at g=2.895(5) with linewidth ΔH=0.015(1)T. The line is ascribed to Tm2+ ions (4f13, 2F7/2) assuming that the Γ(7) doublet is the ground state. A characteristic EPR spectrum of divalent copper ions was also observed. © 1992.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen were measured in 56 full-termed pregnancies by enzyme-immunoassays (EIA-MEIA). The measurements were done in maternal serum (MS), umbilical cord blood (UCB) and amniotic fluid (AF) samples, during delivery. Very high antigen levels were found in AF samples (median: CEA = 124 ng/ml; CA-125 = 710 U/ml; SCC = 710 ng/ml) compared to UCB and MS. CEA and SCC showed significantly lower value's in MS (0.6 and 1.7 ng/ml, respectively) than in UCB (1.6 ng/ml, P = 7.7 × 10-9; 3.55 ng/ml, P = 6.5 × 10-6, respectively), while CA-125 had significantly higher values in MS (6 U/ml) than in UCB (0.0 U/ml, P = 17 × 10-6; Wilcoxon paired test). All CEA values in MS were below cut-off (≤ 5 ng/ml), while 10% of CA-125 and 30% of SCC values were above cut-off (≤ 35 U /ml and ≤ 2.5 ng/ml, respectively). Amniotic fluid CEA with meconium had higher values (P = 0.0002), while the highest CA-125 values in AF samples were found in primiparae (P = 0.02). Moreover SCC in AF samples from vaginal delivered pregnancies showed significantly higher values, compared to those from cesarean section (P = 4.2 × 10-7; Mann-Whitney U-test). Thus, our findings suggest that pregnancy has an influence on maternal serum SCC and CA-125 values, while CEA is independent of gestation and seems to conserve its diagnostic value during pregnancy as well. © 1992.

Basic characteristics of on-line extractive fermentation of organic acids were examined using a general model for the integrated process in order to illustrate the effects of various process parameters and operational modes on system performance. The strong pH dependence of both the fermentation kinetics and the extraction efficiency has been outlined and taken into account by inclusion of a model equation which predicts the pH profile. Simulation results using data from butyric acid fermentations show that our complete model system is adequate to evaluate different operational modes of the process, including simple batch fermentation, batch or fed-batch fermentation with extractive recycle, and continuous fermentation with extractive recycle. In the case where a second undesired acidic byproduct is also produced, our model predictions suggest that on-line extractive fermentation using a suitable solvent results in an effective gross separation of the two acids.

The spin-orbit scattering of 4sp and 5sp impurities in a Mg host is investigated theoretically by self-consistent local-density-functional theory. The calculated spin-orbit scattering cross sections sigmaSO agree with the available experimental results for low valent impurities. For higher valent impurities we predict a p resonance behavior. For Cu and Ag impurities our results point to errors of density-functional theory in estimating the d contribution to sigmaSO. In total a consistent interpretation of the trends is given.

We propose that the important relationship between 3C 273 and 3C 279, the first two extragalactic sources detected at > 100 MeV energies, is their superluminal nature. In support of this conjecture, we propose a kinematic focusing mechanism, based on Compton scattering of accretion-disk photons by relativistic nonthermal electrons in the jet, that preferentially emits gamma rays in the superluminal direction.

An expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prosthesis used to reconstruct the posterior cruciate ligament in a 37-year-old Caucasian male was retrieved and histologically examined in this study. Backscattered electron (BSE) microscopy, utilized to observe the mineralized tissue ingrowth into the retrieved specimen, revealed an absence of bony ingrowth within the graft. Light microscopy demonstrated an exuberant foreign body giant cell response surrounding and invading the substance of the graft, and also revealed evidence of graft degradation. These observations indicate that PTFE may not be as favorable a material for reconstruction of ligamentous tissues as previously reported.

The cycles of 11 renal transplant recipients (RTR), at least 24 months after stabilization of graft function and four hemodialyzed (HD) patients, menstruating regularly, were evaluated by concurrent and systematic determinations throughout the cycle of LH, FSH, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, prolactin and SHBG and in the case of RTR also by ultrasound follow-up. Biphasic estradiol secretion, midcycle LH and FSH surge, duration of luteal phase, midluteal progesterone values and in the case of RTR, ultrasonic parameters were consistent with: (1) normal ovulatory cycles in five RTR; (2) ovulatory cycles with luteal phase deficiency in five RTR and two HD patients; (3) anovulatory cycles in one RTR and two HD patients. Thus, in HD patients only abnormal cycles of central etiology were found, while in RTR, luteal phase deficiency was a very common syndrome, in equal percentage with normal ovulatory cycles. © 1992.

Are follicles where no oocytes are retrieved "empty follicles"? © 1992 Plenum Publishing Corporation.

A careful review of the literature revealed that no data had been reported on the angular difference or similarity between the posterior condylar axis used by many surgeons for primary total knee arthroplasty and the transepicondylar axis, which has been considered a useful anatomical landmark for femoral component placement in revision total knee arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to determine whether measurable differences exist between the posterior condylar axis and the transepicondylar axis of the human femur. Nineteen pairs of human donor femora were measured. This study demonstrated that when the posterior condylar axis was taken as 0 degrees of rotation, the transepicondylar axis was found to be approximately 5 degrees externally rotated for both right and left femora, a significant difference (P < .05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the angle measured between the posterior condylar axis and the transepicondylar axis when comparisons were made between matched right and left femora (P > .05). It is suggested that this information can be applied to improving the techniques currently used in the placement of both primary and revision femoral knee components.

A point matching method is applied to the problem of light scattering by non-spherical bodies. The electromagnetic field is expanded into a series of spherical waves which include all multipole terms which contribute significantly to the wavefield. We examine, in particular, the absorbance of light by a plasma particle and demonstrate the existence of various peaks associated with dipole and quadrupole resonances of the induced charge distribution.

The local magnetic properties of 3d and 4d substitutional impurities in noble and alkali-metal hosts are investigated by means of self-consistent local-spin-density-functional calculations using the jellium model as well as the first-principles Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker–Green’s-function method. The results for the impurity moment from both calculations are in good agreement and compare well with the available experimental data. Our calculations give a consistent picture for the formation of local impurity spin moments in free-electron-like hosts.

The EPR spectra of perovskite ceramics of Gd0.5RE0.5Ba2Cu3O7−δ type (RE  La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Y, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) in tetragonal (non‐HTC) phase are investigated as a function of temperature in the range 40 to 3 K. A signal arising from the isotropic exchange interaction of coupled pairs of Cu2+ ions is detected. The intensity of this signal is strongly dependent on the RE ions and its g‐factor varies with temperature. Magnetic measurements show the existence of ferromagnetic anomalies at these low temperature. In the orthorhombic phase, these materials exhibit a superconducting phase transition in the range of 85 to 95 K, apart from the samples with La ions where a TC ≈ 69 K is found and the samples with Prions where a superconducting state can not be observed. Copyright © 1992 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

Spinal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 29 patients with newly diagnosed, untreated multiple myeloma. Nineteen (66%) patients were asymptomatic. Sagittal pre- and postcontrast T1-weighted spin-echo images and gradient-recalled-echo images of the thoracic and lumbosacral spine were obtained. Marrow involvement was identified in 20 (69%) patients. There were three MR patterns: focal lesions in nine patients (31%), diffuse involvement in seven (24%), and an inhomogeneous pattern of tiny lesions on a background of normal marrow in four (14%). A statistically significant correlation between MR imaging patterns of marrow involvement and serum hemoglobin values (one-way, P = .0899; Kruskal-Wallis, P = .0620) and between MR imaging patterns and percentage of marrow plasmacytosis (Kruskal-Wallis, P = .0314) was noted, with patterns of diffuse and focal marrow involvement associated with more abnormal values. Spinal MR imaging in patients with early myeloma may reveal marrow involvement in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Some correlation was found between MR imaging patterns and laboratory indexes of disease.

We describe a method for the calculation of the optical properties of a two-dimensional array of non-overlapping metallic particles (approximated by spheres) adsorbed on a dielectric slab. The interest in such systems arises to a large degree from their possible use as coatings, e.g. for solar energy absorbers and similar technological purposes. The formalism is an extension of the methods which have been developed in relation to electron scattering by two-dimensional atomic layers and takes fully into account multiple scattering of light between the particles of the overlayer and between the overlayer and the substrate. Scattering of light by multilayers or by an infinite crystal of non-overlapping spheres can be dealt with by a straightforward extension of the theory as in the theory of low-energy electron diffraction. Our calculations show that the usual approximation of replacement of the metallic particles by effective dipoles fails when the size of the particles or the concentration of particles increases beyond a limit and that l-pole contribution in interparticle scattering beyond the dipolar (l=1) one introduces new structure in the absorbance versus frequency curve. The reflection and absorption of light as a function of frequency is obtained numerically for selected examples. We consider in particular the variation of these quantities with concentration coverage. We examine also the effect of disorder.

When energetic electrons Compton scatter soft photons in the Klein-Nishina regime, the produced gamma rays are subject to photon-photon pair attenuation, and a pair-Compton cascade results. We examine the formation of such cascades in the spatially varying photon fields encountered by high-energy electrons and photons emitted from luminous compact objects. Constraints on the geometry of the soft photon source and the location of the gamma-ray production site are deduced from observations of 100 MeV and TeV gamma rays emitted by galactic compact objects and active galactic nuclei.

The potential role of paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome (CS) was assessed on the clinical course of patients with small cell lung cancer. A retrospective comparison was done of complication and survival rates according to the presence or absence of CS in patients with small cell lung cancer who died within 90 days of initial administration of chemotherapy. The setting was a comprehensive cancer center. Eleven patients with clinical and/or biochemical features of CS were identified from among 90 patients who presented between 1979 and 1989 with previously untreated small cell lung cancer. The group with CS and the control patients were compared in terms of clinicopathologic prognostic factors, treatment, and outcome. Patients with CS were comparable to the control patients in all prognostic factors, including tumor stage and cancer treatment. Eight‐two percent of patients with CS (nine of 11) died within 14 days of initiation of chemotherapy compared with 25% of the control patients (19 of 77). The median survival from initiation of chemotherapy was 12 days for the 11 patients with CS and 27 days for the 77 control patients. In 45% of the patients with CS (five of 11), death was attributed to opportunistic fungal or protozoal infection compared with 8% of control patients (six of 77). paraneoplastic CS is a previously unrecognized adverse prognostic factor for patients with small cell lung cancer. Those with both small cell lung cancer and CS have severe opportunistic infections soon after the initiation of chemotherapy, leading to clinical deterioration and death before antineoplastic benefit from chemotherapy can be achieved. Biochemical control of CS for at least 1 to 2 weeks before initiation of chemotherapy may ameliorate the poor prognosis. Copyright © 1992 American Cancer Society

Electron paramagnetic resonance obtained from the tetragonal RBa2Cu3O6+x (R ≡ Nd, Sm, Tm) compounds exhibit a well defined line resulting from coupled divalent Cu ions. Below 20 K the g parameter of this signal is strongly temperature dependent. At about the same temperatures there is a ferromagnetic-like transition in the magnetic susceptibility. © 1992 Taylor & Francis Ltd.

Intermittent courses of dexamethasone (DEX) were administered to 112 consecutive, previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Using criteria based on a 75% or greater reduction of calculated tumor mass, the overall response rate was 43%. Among comparable patients, response rates were approximately 15% less than those observed previously with vincristine-doxorubicin by continuous infusion with intermittent DEX (VAD) and similar to those with melphalan-prednisone. The projected survival times with VAD or DEX were similar. Results indicated that DEX accounted for most of the plasma cell reduction achieved with VAD. Serious complications occurred in 27% of patients treated with VAD, but in only 4% of those who received DEX. In view of the similar outcome with fewer serious complications, DEX provided a simple, effective, and safe primary treatment for a large fraction of patients with MM. Patients who appear most likely to benefit include those with hypercalcemia or pancytopenia, or who require simultaneous radiotherapy for a pathologic fracture. © 1992 by The American Society of Hematology.

The study determined intrinsic factors which contributed to the falls of adults hospitalized in a general hospital during 1987-88. Two hundred and fourteen patients were studied in two groups. Group A consisted of 108 patients who fell during their hospitalization and control Group B consisted of 106 patients with the same characteristics also hospitalized during the same period who did not fall. Of the 23 variables which have been analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression method, seven present statistically significant incidence and increased risk of patients' falls: (1) gender: the number of accidents occurring among male patients was higher than that among females (p = 0.0022); (2) age: the majority of accidents occurred in the 65 greater than or equal to years old age group (p = 0.00426); (3) general pathological conditions: mostly patients with cardiac problems (p = 0.0062); (4) neoplasms (p = 0.0334); (5) anaemias (p = 0.0128); (6) post-operative conditions (p = 0.0063); and the taking of hypnotic/tranquilizer drugs (p = 0.0486). Other significant findings were: the highest incidence of falls occurred during the first 4 days of the patients' admission to hospital and most during the early morning hours (5-6 am). Injuries incurred were bruises (32.4%), minor injuries (24%), major injuries (16.7%) and fractures (10.2%). The high correlation between patients' falls and (1) specific diseases, namely neoplasms, anaemias, cardiac and post-operative conditions and (2) the taking of hypnotic/tranquilizer drugs are risk factors in relation to patients' falls in general hospitals.

Existing models for X-ray emission from novae in outburst encounter several difficulties. The X-ray flux that may be expected to result from Compton degradation of gamma rays produced by radioactive decays is calculated. It is demonstrated that radioactive decays of Na-22 may play an interesting role in the production of hard X-rays, particularly in novae enriched in oxygen, neon, and magnesium.

Kamberidou, Irene. (1992). “The role of Women in Building a Europe without Frontiers”, Greek Economy, International Magazine for Trade and Investment, Ekdotiki Economiki, Athens, issue 6: 72-74. --Began contributing in 1990 as a journalist, responsible for EEC Affairs (1990- 1991), progressively becoming Editor in Chief (1991-1992). [Ξεκίνησα τη συνεργασία μου ως δημοσιογράφος το 1990 και υπεύθυνη του τομέα EEC Affairs και στην συνέχεια ως Αρχισυντάκτης (1991-1992).]

The authors consider periodic structures made of spheres embedded in a host material with a different dielectric function. They show how to calculate the reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves by a slab of the material parallel to a given crystallographic plane. The method of calculation is based on a doubling-layer scheme which obtains the reflection and transmission matrix elements for the multilayer from those of a single layer. The reflection and transmission characteristics of the slab are related to the complex band structure of the photon field associated with the given crystallographic plane of the corresponding infinite crystal, which is introduced in the manner of the low-energy electron diffraction theory. They present numerical results which demonstrate the applicability of the method to real systems of current interest and point out some interesting physics which arose from their calculations. They show in particular that the nondegenerate bands of the photon field at the centre of the surface Brillouin zone do not couple to the incident radiation, leading to total reflection at normal incidence.

α-Immunoreactive inhibin was measured using an enzyme immunoassay kit in the culture medium (Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with 14% heat-inactivated human serum) from day 3 or 4 to day 14 post-fertilization of 31 surplus pre-embryos from eight women participating in an in-vitro fertilization programme. Inhibin secretion was demonstrated in all of them from the fourth day after fertilization (mean ± SEM: 3.0 ± 0.7U) and was independent of the morphological development of pre-embryos (2-4 cells, n = 4; 6-8 cells, n = 4; 8-10 cells, n = 9; 10-12 cells, n = 4; morulae, n = 5 and blastocysts, n = 4). On days 7,10,13 and 14 post-fertilization, mean inhibin values ± SEM for non-disintegrated pre-embryos were respectively: 6.5 ± 0.9U, 12.3 ± 2.0U, 16.8 ± 3.2U and 20.2 ± 3.7U; however, when disintegration was noted on days 10 and 13 after fertilization, inhibin mean values were 9.0 ± 1.4U and 8.4 ± 1.7U respectively. Inhibin levels were significantly correlated with human chorionic gonadotrophin levels in the same culture media only on day 13, while correlation with pregnancy specific β1-glycoprotein occurred on day 7 post-fertilization. In conclusion, early human pre-embryos secrete α-immunoreactive inhibin before the cytotrophoblast is formed. This secretion increases significantly with time when development is continued, while disintegration is followed by a net decline in the rate of inhibin release.

There is a wide spectrum of disease among patients with plasma cell myeloma. A small fraction have a localized plasmacytoma of bone that requires specialized techniques for accurate staging, followed by local radiotherapy that may be curative in some patients. Other patients with multiple myeloma may be free of symptoms and the disease is recognized by chance laboratory studies. Some have a prolonged, stable course with little change in disease for many months or years and resemble patients with MGUS. These patients have low serum myeloma protein and are free of focal bone lesions even on MR imaging. Complications are more imminent among other patients with higher levels of myeloma protein and/or bone lesions, who usually require treatment within 2 years after diagnosis. Still other patients with more advanced generalized disease (intermediate tumor mass) or with a pathologic fracture that may be relieved with local radiotherapy usually require even earlier chemotherapy to prevent or treat complications.

The fourth in a series of papers on the large-scale structure and stellar content of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), based on photometric analysis of sets of blue and red UK Schmidt photographic plates, is presented here. The previous papers reviewed the data reduction procedures and presented results on the three-dimensional structure of a large sector of the outer regions of the SMC beyond 2^deg^ from the SMC centre. Here, we present a study of the age and spatial distribution of stellar populations in an area covering six UKST survey fields, i.e. virtually the entire outer area of the SMC. The existence of a very old stellar population of age 15-16 Gyr, comprising about 7 per cent of the stellar content of the outer regions by mass, is suggested by the observational results. However, the bulk of the stellar population in the outer regions of the SMC is found to be about 10 Gyr old. The distribution of stellar populations younger than about 2 Gyr is shown to be biased towards the eastern side of the SMC facing the LMC. The star formation history of the outer regions is discussed with particular reference to the role of interactions between the LMC-SMC-Galaxy system.

Four evergreen sclerophyllous species were investigated morphologically and anatomically. Buds, leaves and roots from Ceratonia siliqua, Olea europaea, Pistacia lentiscus and Quercus coccifera were studied and compared for structural diversity. Analysis of the anatomical data suggested diverging features. The ecological equivalence of these species cannot be attributed to their structure. © 1992.

EPR spectra between 9.7 K and room temperature (RT) were taken for EuBa2Cu3O7-δ in tetragonal and orthorhombic phases. Our results indicate significant differences between the EPR spectra of Cu2+ ions in the tetragonal and orthorhombic phase. It is concluded that in the tetragonal phase, the Cu2+ complex has axial symmetry. Furthermore, at low temperatures the observed EPR signal is associated with superexchange interaction between Eu2+ ions across oxygen bridges. © 1991.

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ACTIVE galactic nuclei (AGNs) exhibit high luminosity with rapid variability, especially in X-ray emission, for which the luminosity can be greater than that of a normal galaxy, and the variability timescale implies an emitting region in some cases smaller than one light hour1. The hard X-ray spectrum of AGNs is nonthermal, probably arising from an electron-positron pair cascade, with some emission reflected off relatively cold matter2,3. Energy can be pumped into a cascade by any process that produces relativistic pairs, but because electrons and positrons are hard to accelerate efficiently, there has been interest in models in which protons are accelerated4,5, and create relativistic electrons on interaction with a local radiation field6-8. Here we show that a sufficient column density of protons can lead to runaway pair production: photons generated by the relativistic pairs are the targets for the protons to produce more pairs. This process can produce X-ray flares with the observed characteristics, and our model predicts the maximum ratio of luminosity to source size ('compactness') as well as their spectrum in the early phases. The same mechanism may also be able to create the knots of synchrotron-radiating pair plasma seen in sources such as 3C273.

EPR, XRD, and magnetic studies are presented for Pr0.5Re0.5Ba2Cu3O7-δ compounds (Re= La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Y, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) in the orthorhombic and tetragonal (large oxygen deficiency) phase. For the samples with Re=Dy, Ho, Y, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu in the orthorhombic phase, the transition to the superconducting state has been observed in the temperatures range Tc between 18 and 40 K. For the samples with Nd and Yb in the tetragonal phase, EPR spectra coming from trivalent rare earth ions have been recorded. In the nonoxygenated sample Pr0.5La0.5Ba2Cu3O7-δ the EPR spectrum arising from the non-Kramers trivalent praseodymium ion has been observed. A broad EPR line appearing in all our samples was attributed to superexchange interaction between copper ions over oxygen (O2-) bridges. Interestingly, for the Pr0.5Re0.5Ba0.5Cu3O7-δ (Re = Er and Lu) compounds in the tetragonal phase at liquid-nitrogen temperature, a nonresonant microwave absorption in low magnetic fields has been detected. © 1992 Plenum Publishing Corporation.

(1992). Γογγάκη Κωνσταντίνα. Δημήτρης Άνθης. Ο ζωγράφος-ποιητής. Πόρφυρας, 60:157-158.                   Ο ζωγράφος Δημήτρης Άνθης (1925-1991) υπήρξε μαθητής του Γάλλου ζωγράφου Tin Florias της σχολής της Μονμάρτης, και προσωπικός φίλος του τεχνοκρίτη, ιστορικού της τέχνης, Τζούλιο Καΐμη. Στην ζωγραφική του εξιδανί­κευσε τη μορφή της Γυναίκας και μορφοποίησε την Αγάπη. Στις "Παναγίες" του, που μαζί με τα τοπία και τις προσωπογραφίες του αποτελούν τα πλέον χαρακτηριστικά έργα του, συνυπάρχουν όλα τα θηλυκά σύμβολα, αλλά περισσότερο η Μάνα, ως σύμβολο του Πόνου και της Εγκαρτέρησης. Στην αγκαλιά της κρατάει τον Γιο της, τα χαρακτηριστικά του προσώπου του οποίου αντικαθιστά ένας σταυρός. Δεν μπορεί, ωστόσο, κανείς να δει το ένα σύμβολο χωρίς το άλλο: τη Μάνα δηλαδή χωρίς τον Γιο - Σταύρωση, ή τον Γιο χωρίς την θεϊκή προστασία της Μάνας, αλλά μόνο ως αδιάσπαστη ενότητα μπορεί να τα εκλάβει. Ο Άνθης δεν σταμάτησε ποτέ το οδοιπορικό του. Ο ίδιος άλλωστε ήταν ένας οδοιπόρος, στη ζωή και στην τέχνη, στη γνώση και στην αναζήτησή της. Αυτή η πορεία του στην ποιότητα εκφράζεται μέσα στο έργο του. Από τα σκοτεινά, ποιητικά και μυστικιστικά έργα του πρώτου καιρού, θα φτάσει στα αρμονικά, εξαϋλωμένα θαρρείς έργα. Τα έργα του Άνθη, κατά τον φιλόσοφο Καΐμη, δεί­χνουν μιαν αγάπη για την αλήθεια στη Τέχνη και μιαν απώτερη καλλιέργεια στη μελέτη του ατόμου και της φύσης, γι' αυτό και αποδίδουν μια πλούσια ποιότητα.  http://www.anthisdimitris.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=196:goggaki-konstantina-gia-anthi&catid=41:news&Itemid=79      

(1992). Γογγάκη Κωνσταντίνα. Νέα μέτρα του Ισραήλ για περαιτέρω επιδείνωση της εκπαίδευσης στην Παλαιστίνη.Ο Ισραηλινός στρατός συνεχίζει την επίθεσή του εις βάρος του παλαιστινιακού λαού και ειδικότερα της εκπαίδευσης της Παλαιστίνης, χρησιμοποιώντας βία κατά των σχολείων και των μαθητών. Μερικά σχολεία υφίστανται επιθέσεις και εκτοξεύονται δακρυγό­να στις αυλές και στις τάξεις, ενώ άλλα κλείνουν για αόριστες χρονικές περιόδους με στρατιωτικές εντο­λές. Επίσης, η απαγόρευση της κυ­κλοφορίας σαν μέτρο συλλογικής τιμωρίας έχει χρη­σιμοποιηθεί ευρύτατα από τις στρατιωτικές αρχές στις κοινότητες της Δυτικής Όχθης και τη Γάζα, εμποδίζοντας χιλιάδες μαθητές και φοιτητές να παρακολουθήσουν τα μαθήματα και να συμπληρώσουν τις σπουδές τους. Υπάρχουν περιπτώσεις που οι φοιτητές αναγκάστηκαν να συνεχίσουν τις εξετάσεις μέσα σ' ένα κλίμα σύγχυσης, συ­χνών πυροβολισμών και στο θόρυβο των μεταφερόμε­νων μεγαφώνων. Ένα άλλο «νέο» μέτρο συλλογικής τιμωρίας, που χαρακτηρίζει τη στάση των Ισραηλινών αρχών απέναντι στην εκπαιδευτική κατάσταση στην Παλαιστίνη, είναι η απόφαση του ισ­ραηλινού υπουργείου Άμυνας για νέα παράταση του κλεισίματος του Πανεπιστημίου Birzeit - του δεύτερου μεγάλου Παν/μίου της Δυτ. Όχθης με­τά το Al-Najah - κατά στη Ramallah, υπονομεύοντας σημαντικά τις όποιες προσπάθειες για το χτίσιμο κάποιας εμπι­στοσύνης ανάμεσα στους Παλαιστίνιους και στους Ισραηλινούς. Οι φοιτητές του παρακολουθούν μαθήματα σε νοικιασμένα κτήρια, έξω από την πανεπιστημιούπολη της Ramallah, στερούμενοι όπως και οι καθηγητές, τα πνευματικά και κοινωνικά πλεονεκτήματα της εξαιρετικής παν/κής βιβλιοθήκης, των εργαστηρίων και άλλων διευκολύνσεων. Εκτός από τα παραπάνω, το Educational Network και άλλοι εκπαιδευτικοί ορ­γανισμοί κλήθηκαν στα στρατιωτικά αρχηγεία στην Δυτική Όχθη για απαγόρευση των συγκεντρώσεων των καθηγητών, των συνεδριάσεων, της λειτουργίας των εργαστηρίων χωρίς την άδεια της Ισραηλινής δημό­σιας διοίκησης. Γίνεται επομένως φανε­ρό ότι αυτό που επιδιώκουν οι Ισραηλινοί είναι να εντείνουν τον έλεγχό τους επάνω στα Παλαιστινιακά εκπαιδευτικά ιδρύματα και τις δραστηριότητες. Το συναίσθημα που επικρατεί στους Παλαιστίνιους, είναι ότι οι Ισραηλινοί έχουν αυξήσει τις πιέσεις ενα­ντίον τους και είναι εκτός ελέγχου, ενώ ο υπόλοιπος κόσμος τους έχει ξεχάσει.     *Σημείωση των «Αντιτετραδίων της Εκπαίδευσης»: Τα στατιστικά στοιχεία για τα Ιδιωτικά, Κυβερνητικά και UNRWA Σχολεία, Προπαρασκευαστικά, Στοιχειώδους Εκπαίδευσης και Γυμνάσια, που συγκέντρωσε η Κων/να Γογγάκη κατά το ταξίδι της στην Παλαιστίνη, προέρχονται από το EDUCATIONAL NETWORK, και βλέπουν το φως της δημοσιότητας για πρώτη φορά στην Ελλάδα. 

Μεταξύ 1180 και 1190 το Graal εμφανίστηκε στην ευρωπαϊκή Λογοτεχνία χάρις στον εκ Καμπανίας διηγηματογράφο, τον Chretien de Troyes. Ήταν για ένα μεγάλο χρονικό διάστημα ο πιστός συγγραφέας της Μαρίας της Καμπανίας, κόρης της Ελεονώρας της Ακουϊτανίας και απ' ό,τι γνωρίζουμε είχε επαφές με την βασίλισσα - δούκισσα όταν αυτή είχε την αυλής στο Πουατιέ, μία αυλή η οποία δεχόταν πλήθος ποιητών, μουσικών και καλλιτεχνών κελτικής, οξιτανικής, αγγλο-νορμανδικής και βρετονικής καταγωγής, αποτελώντας έτσι ένα εξαιρετικό κρατήρα ανάμιξης όλων των υπαρχόντων ευρωπαϊκών πολιτισμών και ευρωπαϊκών προφορικών παραδόσεων.

(1992). Γογγάκη Κωνσταντίνα. Το εκπαιδευτικό πρόβλημα στις κατεχόμενες περιοχές της Παλαιστίνης. Αντιτετράδια της Εκπαίδευσης, 17-18: 59-63. Στην εργασία διερευνώνται οι πολιτικές, κοινωνικές και εκπαιδευτικές συνθήκες μέσα στις οποίες γίνεται προσπάθεια για τη λειτουργία ενός, έστω, υποτυπώδους εκπαιδευτικού συστήματος, στη Δυτική Όχθη και τη Λωρίδα της Γάζας. Οι Ισραηλινές στρατιωτικές αρχές έχουν επιβάλλει μεγάλο αριθμό στρατιωτικών διαταγών, που εφαρμόζονται ακατάπαυστα, προκειμένου να ασκούν τον έλεγχο στην καθημερινή ζωή και την εκπαίδευση των «κατεχόμενων» Παλαιστινίων. Τα προβλήματα στις κατεχόμενες περιοχές της Παλαιστίνης είναι δριμύτατα, ενώ στην περιοχή της Λωρίδας της Γάζας είναι ακόμη εντονότερα, καθώς εκεί υπάρχει μεγάλος αριθμός προσφυγικών καταυλισμών. Οι συνθήκες επιβίωσης είναι δραματικές, ενώ η ανυπαρξία κρατικής δομής, οι καθημερινοί εποικισμοί σε περιοχές των Παλαιστινίων, η απαγόρευση κυκλοφορίας και οι επιθέσεις, καθιστούν τις συνθήκες ζωής εξαιρετικά επικίνδυνες και την ίδια την επιβίωσή τους. Είναι φυσικό, υπό της συνθήκες του ελέγχου αυτού και την οικονομική εξάρτηση της Παλαιστίνης από το κραταιό οικονομικά Ισραήλ, τα ζητήματα της εκπαίδευσης να υπονομεύονται, αφού η σύγχυση που δημιουργείται ως προς την άμεση χρησιμότητα της εκπαίδευσης καθιστά στη συνείδηση των κατοίκων την παιδεία ως όχι πολύ σπουδαίο προσόν. Η ανασφάλεια της ζωής, η ανυπαρξία υποδομών στους καταυλισμούς, ο ελάχιστος αριθμός ωρών κατά τις οποίες μπορούν να διατηρηθούν τα σχολεία ανοιχτά -λόγω της απαγόρευσης της κυκλοφορίας- και οι φυλακίσεις των μαρτύρων, αποτελούν εν τέλει, μία δραματική σύνθεση, η οποία αποδυναμώνει και περιθωριοποιεί το ανθρώπινο δυναμικό που ζει στις ταραγμένες αυτές περιοχές της μεσογείου. Παρά τα προβλήματα, ωστόσο, οι μικροί Παλαιστίνιοι μαθητές και οι μαθήτριες επιχειρούν να κατακτήσουν την γνώση που θα τους οδηγήσει προς το μέλλον. Στην εργασία παρέχονται στατιστικά στοιχεία για την προβληματική εκπαιδευτική κατάσταση τόσο για τις περιοχές της Δυτικής Όχθης, όσο και για τη Γάζα. Η εργασία αποτελεί καταγραφή της προσωπικής εμπειρίας της Κων/νας Γογγάκη από τις παραπάνω κατεχόμενες περιοχές της Παλαιστίνης κατά την επίσκεψή της εκεί το καλοκαίρι 1991 στη διάρκεια της Intifada (نتفاضة), και τα (απαγορευμένα έως τότε) στατιστικά στοιχεία δημοσιεύονται για πρώτη φορά στην Ελλάδα.    

The binding of 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) to bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA), and human plasma has been studied by potentiometric titration utilizing a laboratory constructed ion selective electrode (ISE) of ANS. Three classes of ANS binding sites were found on BSA, HSA, and plasma at 25 and 37-degrees-C. Computer analysis of the data resulted in estimates for the association constants, number of binding sites (HSA, BSA), and binding capacity of each class. The association constants for the first class of binding sites at 25-degrees-C were found to be 7.53 (+/- 0.59) x 10(5), 2.70 (+/- 0.20) x 10(5), and 2.64 (+/- 0.26) x 10(5) M-1 for BSA, HSA, and plasma, respectively. Lower values for the association constants of all binding classes were estimated at the higher temperature (37-degrees-C). The binding capacity for ANS decreased in the order BSA, plasma, HSA.

We report six female patients with breast cancer who developed dermatomyositis and compare our data with those from other reports. The development of dermatomyositis in two patients led to the discovery of a second primary ovarian carcinoma, whereas the development of dermatomyositis in another two patients led to the discovery of recurrent breast cancer. In three patients the diagnosis of dermatomyositis preceded the diagnosis of breast cancer, while the rest developed dermatomyositis after the diagnosis of breast cancer. A parallel clinical course of dermatomyositis and breast cancer was seen in only one patient. Coexisting dermatomyositis and breast cancer is a rare phenomenon, and dermatomyositis that develops during the course of breast cancer may indicate the occurrence of a second primary malignancy or recurrent breast cancer. The onset of dermatomyositis may precede, coincide with, or follow the diagnosis of breast cancer. The clinical course of dermatomyositis sometimes, but not always, parallels the course of breast cancer. There are no specific clinical or laboratory markers to distinguish patients with dermatomyositis who have malignancy from those without cancer. © 1991.

The authors develop a new efficient method for calculating the shape-truncation functions of arbitrary Voronoi polyhedra by combining analytical and numerical techniques. Applications are presented for cells of cubic symmetry as well as for hexagonal close-packed (HCP) atomic polyhedra with different values of the c/a ratio. They also discuss an efficient way for performing three-dimensional integrations in electronic-structure calculations (e.g. solve Poisson's equation) using shape functions.

A photographic atlas of close pairs of star clusters in the Large Magellanie Cloud is presented here. The criterion for inclusion of cluster pairs in the atlas was an upper limit of 18.7 pc for the projected separation between the centres of the clusters in each pair. Accurate coordinates for the clusters, the projected separations and estimates of the diameters and positional angles are given and some of the global properties of the cluster-pair population of the LMC are discussed. It is found that the individual clusters in pairs preferentially have nearly equal sizes.

The production of cosmic ray positrons by photon-photon pair production of high-energy gamma-rays on starlight photons is examined. Calculating the production rate as a function of positron energy and distance from the sun resulting from interactions with sunlight is the first step. The results are generalized to production on other types of star. The average production rate per unit volume averaged over the local region of the galaxy is calculated, and the contribution to the observed intensity from this process is estimated.

The mixing and transport of cosmic rays accelerated by a pulsar inside an expanding supernova remnant are examined, and the resulting high-energy gamma-ray emission from nuclear interactions of these accelerated particles in the shell is investigated. Rayleigh-Taylor instability at the interface between a pulsar wind cavity and the inner supernova envelope is assumed to be the mixing mechanism. The analysis is applied to the model of Gaisser, Harding, and Stanev (1987), where protons are accelerated at the reverse shock in the pulsar wind. The instability time-scale is estimated from the dynamics of the pulsar wind cavity, and model the injection, diffusion, and interaction of protons in the shell. The resulting gamma-ray flux is lower than previous estimates due to proton adiabatic losses in the expanding pulsar wind. The protons mix and diffuse only into the innermost regions of the envelope before interacting. Energy-dependent diffusion causes the higher energy gamma-ray light curves to decay faster than those at lower energy.

Cyclosporine and methotrexate at standard doses (15 mg/m2 on day 1 and 10 mg/m2 on days 3, 6, and 11, total 45 mg/m2) are effective in the prophylaxis of actue graft‐vs.‐host disease. However, the combination has significant early toxicities with delayed engraftment, increased mucositis, and hepatotoxicity. We modified the combination by adding single‐dose methylprednisolone and lowered the total dose of methotrexate to 35 mg/m2 (5 mg/m2 on days 1, 3, and 6, and then 10 mg/m2 on days 11 and 18) and then to 20 mg/m2 (5 mg/m2 on days 1, 3, 6, and 11) in an attempt to decrease these side effects in two sequential consecutive groups of patients. We demonstrated that the modified regimens maintained the efficacy with reduced toxicities. The rate of engraftment was comparable to cyclosporine alone and the hepatotoxicity was reduced with reduced doses of methotrexate. Factors such as early immunosuppression of the host, intravenous immunoglobulin, the timing of steroid administration, nucleotide free diet and germ free environment may contribute to the effectiveness of the combination and permit reduction of methotrexate dose. Copyright © 1991 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company

A compartmental approach for estimating the duration of the zero-order absorption was developed. For drugs obeying one-compartment model disposition, the estimation is based on an explicit relationship while an iterative process is required for drugs represented by two-compartment kinetics. A method based on a double graphical plot for ascertaining absorption kinetics for drugs exhibiting one-compartment model disposition was also developed.

We have used anodization techniques to process porous surface regions in p-type Czochralski Si and in p-type Si0.85Ge0.15 epitaxial layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The SiGe layers were unrelaxed before processing. We have observed strong near-infrared and visible light emission from both systems. Analysis of the radiative and nonradiative recombination processes indicate that the emission is consistent with the decay of excitons localized in structures of one or zero dimensions.

The authors investigate the formation of local spin moments of transition metal impurities diluted in free-electron-like monovalent hosts by performing self-consistent, local spin density functional calculations for all the 3d elements embedded in jellium. The magnetic behaviour of the impurity is studied systematically by varying continuously the jellium density from zero up to a critical value, at which the magnetic moment disappears. The results are in good agreement with the results of other calculations and the available experimental data.

A generalized Hodges-Lehmann type estimator for the treatment effect in the two-sample problem with right censoring, is proposed based on an inverse-quantile-type idea using truncated versions of the Kaplan-Meier estimators over the subspace where they are consistent. Its strong consistency and asymptotic normality can be obtained, under no conditions on the uninformative censorings, and the resulting variance is easily estimable from the data. In simulation studies the proposed estimator is superior to existing procedures in the presence of heavy unequal censoring.

A study is undertaken of the 3D spatial distribution of the older stellar population lying beyond about 2 kpc in projected radial distance from the center of the SMC. The study is intended to cover 120 square degrees including six overlapping Schmidt fields. The results from an area of 80 square degrees are presented including the western, northern and northeastern outer parts of the SMC.

Objective: To evaluate serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a prognostic factor in previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma. Design: Study of 391 consecutive patients with uniformly treated multiple myeloma, followed until death in 63% of patients. Setting: Tertiary, referral cancer center. Patients: A total of 391 consecutive, previously untreated, symptomatic patients with various stages of multiple myeloma. Intervention: Various chemotherapy regimens that included doxorubicin or glucocorticoids, or both, with a consistent response rate (53%). Measurements: Outcomes included clinical response based on a 75% reduction of calculated tumor load and survival time from treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used. Main Results: Eleven percent of patients showed a high serum LDH level of more than 5.0 μkat/L (300 U/L). An elevated LDH level was seen more frequently with a rise in the tumor load; an increased level was present in 26% of patients with high tumor mass. A high LDH level was associated with plasma cell leukemia or lymphoma-like clinical features (43%) and with plasma cell hypodiploidy (17%). Only 20% of patients with elevated LDH levels responded to chemotherapy compared with a response rate of 57% for patients with low levels of LDH. Using multivariate analysis, LDH was a significant independent predictor of response (P = 0.001), with an odds ratio of 0.25 (95% Cl, 0.11 to 0.57). A high LDH level was associated with a short median survival (9 months) and showed the highest relative risk (2.63; Cl, 1.75 to 3.95; P= 0.001). Conclusions: Elevation of the LDH level suggests the presence of occult extraosseous disease and high tumor mass. The LDH level is a predictor of a poor prognosis in selected patients who should be considered for early intensive treatment.

A successful pregnancy of a young woman with late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia (LOCAH) is reported. Exogenous glucocorticoids are the most commonly used regimen in such cases both for suppression of adrenal overstimulation and avoiding masculinization of a female fetus. In our LOCAH patient methylprednisolone has been used for treatment. We present the management and the outcome of this pregnancy, as well as the hormonal follow-up. © 1991.

The estimation of the treatment effect in the two-sample problem with right censoring is of interest in survival analysis. In this article we consider both the location shift model and the scale change model. We establish the large-sample properties of a generalized Hodges-Lehmann type estimator. The strong consistency is established under the minimal possible conditions. The asymptotic normality is also obtained without imposing any conditions on the censoring mechanisms. As a by-product, we also establish a result for the oscillation behavior of the Kaplan-Meier process, which extends the Bahadur result for the empirical process to the censored case.

A new age indicator for star clusters and other stellar populations, with red horizontal branches or clumps, is introduced. This indicator is defined as the colour difference between the median colour of the red horizontal branch or clump and the red giant branch at the level of the horizontal branch. This difference is clearly independent of the values adopted for the reddening and distance modulus of the population as well as of systematic errors in the photometry and it is shown to be insensitive to metal abundance for a wide range of metallicities from solar values down to [Fe/H]~ - 1.7 dex. The theoretical predictions of stellar evolution models for this indicator are also examined. Finally, the new indicator is applied to colour-magnitude diagrams of star clusters with poorly known ages in our Galaxy, as well as to field populations in the Magellanic Clouds and the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy. At least one of the galactic disc globular clusters examined is found to have an age less than ~8 Gyr.

The authors present numerical calculations of the absorbance of light by a plane of metallic spheres. The absorbance is calculated as a function of frequency for s- and p-polarized light, for different angles of incidence and for different coverages. They demonstrate the importance of l-pole terms beyond the dipole (l=1) term in interparticle scattering. They examine the effect of disorder and consider the influence of a dielectric substrate on the absorbance of the system consisting of a substrate plus adsorbed spheres.

Pleural fluid and serum soluble Interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) were measured by an enzyme-immunoassay in 13 patients with tuberculous pleurisy, in 28 patients with carcinomatous pleurisy and in 17 transudates from patients with congestive heart failure. Significantly higher values of sIL-2R were observed in exudative than in transudative (x̄ ± SLM = 713 ± 111 U/ml) pleural fluid samples, the highest being found in tuberculous (3777 ± 501 U/ml) and the intermediate in carcinomatous exudates (1981 ± 160 U/ml) (p < 0.0001, one way ANOVA). Serum sIL-2R were significantly higher in cacrinomatous and transudative groups than in age- and sex-matched controls (p < 0.002; one way ANOVA), while there was no significant difference between the tuberculous group and controls. The pleura/serum sIL-2R ratio was significantly higher in tuberculous (5.32 ± 0.60), than in carcinomatous pleurisy (2.67 ± 6.20) and higher still than in transudates (0.76 ± 0.10) (p < 0.001; one way ANOVA). In conclusion, the pleura/serum sIL-2R ratio may be a helpful parameter in differentiating tuberculous from carcinomatous pleurisy and an additional confirmatory one for distinguishing transudates from exudates.

Twenty-four patients with metastatic and chemotherapy-refractorynonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis were treated with various chemotherapy regimens upon failure. Eight of the 24 patients (33 %) are alive and disease free after salvage therapy with a median follow-up of sixteen months. Prognostic factors tested included those known to be predictive for initial response to therapy (clinical stage and degree of elevation of the biomarkers). In addition, time to initiation of salvage therapy and response to initial chemotherapy were assessed as variables. Our data suggest that patients with solitary organ metastases following relapse, and response to initial chemotherapy are favorable predictors for response to salvage treatment. All the patients with solitary organ metastases (5/5 [100 %]) but only 3/19 (16 %) of the patients with multiple metastatic sites were salvaged. Patients with delayed initiation of salvage therapy had a reduced likelihood of achieving a complete remission but this was not statistically significant. The variables identified need to be incorporated into future trials testing the efficacy of salvage therapy for patients with nonseminomatous tumors of the testis. © 1991 Cahners Publishing Company.

Twenty-four patients with metastatic and chemotherapy-refractorynonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis were treated with various chemotherapy regimens upon failure. Eight of the 24 patients (33 %) are alive and disease free after salvage therapy with a median follow-up of sixteen months. Prognostic factors tested included those known to be predictive for initial response to therapy (clinical stage and degree of elevation of the biomarkers). In addition, time to initiation of salvage therapy and response to initial chemotherapy were assessed as variables. Our data suggest that patients with solitary organ metastases following relapse, and response to initial chemotherapy are favorable predictors for response to salvage treatment. All the patients with solitary organ metastases (5/5 [100 %]) but only 3/19 (16 %) of the patients with multiple metastatic sites were salvaged. Patients with delayed initiation of salvage therapy had a reduced likelihood of achieving a complete remission but this was not statistically significant. The variables identified need to be incorporated into future trials testing the efficacy of salvage therapy for patients with nonseminomatous tumors of the testis. © 1991 Cahners Publishing Company.

We present a rare case of primary renal carcinoid tumor that metastasized to the liver and kidneys. The tumor and the metastases were hypovascular angiographically, did not enhance on CT, and were hyperechoic with a hypoechoic halo on ultrasound. A similar pattern has been seen in a few cases previously reported in the literature. © 1991 Raven Press, Ltd., New York.

Abstract: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic marrow transplantation. We studied 14 consecutive CMV‐seropositive patients adding ganciclovir (2.5 mg/kg i.v. every 8 hours for 7 days prior to transplant and 6 mg/kg three times a week after neutrophils became > 0.5 times 109/1 and the patients were platelet transfusion‐independent until d 70) to our previous prophylaxis regimen which consisted of intravenous immunoglobulin and acyclovir. The result was compared with 30 consecutive patients whom we studied with our previous regimen. The addition of ganciclovir did not cause any extra toxicities. The incidence of interstitial pneumonitis and cumulative probability of CMV excretion in the first 100 d post‐transplantation was significantly reduced (p = 0.038 and p = 0.035 respectively). The result shows that addition of ganciclovir significantly decreased the incidence of CMV infection in the early post‐transplantation period. © Munksgaard 1991

This article presents the results of a research study on 547 mental patients testing a form of nursing assessment of mental patients in psychiatric and in general hospitals, as a means to assess their nursing needs and as a basis for planning, implementation and evaluation of their personalized holistic nursing care. The study showed that more depressive than schizophrenic patients went to the general hospital for help. The reverse was observed in the psychiatric hospital. The psychological nursing needs of the patients were significantly correlated with their somatic nursing needs. The psychological as well as the somatic nursing needs of the patients were significantly correlated with sex, age, somatic health state and mental health state in general, and not with their concrete psychiatric diagnosis. It is concluded that the psychiatric nursing assessment should be oriented towards the investigation of the patient's psychosomatic nursing needs rather than be based on his medical diagnosis.

The purpose of this study was to provide quantitative data on the shape of the mandible at the period around the pubertal growth spurt and to test the hypothesis that early mandibular shape may influence the amount and direction of subsequent mandibular growth. Longitudinal data from lateral cephalograms of 55 white female and 39 white male subjects were used. The mandibular outline from articulare to gnathion was analyzed into cosine curves, according to the Fourier equation. The resulting Fourier coefficients, representing mandibular outline shape, were analyzed statistically in relation to age, sex, craniofacial pattern, and mandibular growth rotation. Statistically significant growth changes of the Fourier coefficients were observed, especially during the postpubertal period, indicating a decrease in the gonial angle with age. Sex-related differences in shape were observed at all ages, male subjects showing a more rounded shape of the mandible than female subjects. Mandibular shape, as represented by the Fourier coefficients, was correlated to cephalometric variables, indicating mandibular inclination, but only poorly to cephalometric variables, indicating anteroposterior jaw relation. Total rotation of the mandible during growth could not be predicted by mandibular shape.

One of the most important considerations in designing an integrated process for the production of organic acids is the strong pH dependence of the process parameters. The release of the acidic products during the fermentation alters the pH of the broth and subsequently affects the kinetics of cell growth and product formation. In addition, some parameters (such as the distribution coefficient of the products during extraction, their solubility constants during precipitation, etc.) in the subsequent separation processes following fermentation are also strong functions of pH. A pH profile predicting model for organic acids fermentation could be used in combination with specific separation process equations, in order to perform simulations concerning the feasibility of the whole process or the evaluation of the system's performance. In this work, such a general pH profile predicting model has been developed. The model requires knowledge of the fermentation medium composition and the kinetics of cell growth and product formation. The model has been verified for (but by no means restricted to) the case of butyric acid fermentation.  

The AAT FOCAP fibre system has been used to obtain spectra, centred at the Ca II IR-triplet, of 14 stars in the field of the recently discovered Sextans dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Radial velocities derived from these spectra indicate that six of the stars observed are Sextans members. Their velocities cluster closely about a value of 230+/-6 km s^-1^ which we take as the heliocentric velocity of this galaxy. This velocity, when corrected to the galactic rest frame, indicates that Sextans makes a contribution comparable to those of other dSph galaxies, such as Sculptor and Orsa Minor, to calculations of the mass of the galaxy's halo. The spectra of the Sextans members also yield an estimate of the mean abundance of this galaxy: a value of [Fe/H] = - 1.7+/-0.25 dex is suggested from a comparison of the line strengths with those of globular cluster stars. This value is higher than that expected for Sextans from the absolute magnitude-abundance relation, followed by the other galactic dSph galaxies.

Pair production of a photon in the Coulomb field of an electron (often referred to as triplet pair production) despite the fact that it is a third-order QED process has a cross-section that exceeds the Compton cross-section for energies of collision equal to or greater than 250 m(e)c-squared. The present paper reexamines the problem of ultrarelativistic electrons entering a photon field by including triplet pair production as both an energy loss and reinjection mechanism for electrons. The steady state electron distribution and photon spectrum are calculated for monoenergetic and power-law electron injections, and a comparison is made with the results obtained in the pure Compton case, i.e., by ignoring triplet pair production.

The authors present a method for the calculation of the scattering of light by a periodic two-dimensional array of spherical particles adsorbed on a uniform dielectric slab. Multiple scattering of light between the particles of the overlayer and between the overlayer and the substrate is taken fully into account. The method is applied to light scattering from a square lattice of gold particles on a sapphire substrate for which experimental data are available. The agreement between theory and experiment is reasonably good.

Serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), β-chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG), pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (SP1), and β2-microglobulin (β2M) were taken in 92 patients with primary lung cancer and 43 controls. The mean value of sIL-2R in the cancer group was twice as high as that of the controls (P less than 0.001) and the highest values were observed in those with small cell carcinoma (SCC) (P less than 0.0001). Of the cancer patients, 51.1% had CEA values higher than the cutoff level of 5 ng/ml. Extended-disease patients had a higher percentage of increased CEA values than those with limited disease. Adenocarcinoma (ADCC) and SCC groups had the highest percentages of increased CEA levels. There was no significant difference between the groups for β-HCG, AFP, SP1, and β2M, and intermarker correlation was not seen. The results suggest that sIL-2R and CEA may be useful in monitoring the extent of disease and possibly indicate the histologic subtype, thus having a bearing on treatment and prognosis.

The authors present local-spin-density-functional calculations for the interaction energies of vacancies with 3d and 4sp impurities in Cu as well as with 4d and 5sp impurities in Ag. The calculations are based on the jellium model and first-order perturbation theory, thus enabling an interpretation of the interaction in purely electrostatic terms. The results are in agreement with those obtained by first-principles calculations and confirm the experimentally known trends.

▪ Objective: To evaluate the safety and immunologic and antiviral effects of combination therapy with zidovudine and dideoxycytidine (ddC) in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection. ▪ Design: A phase I/II open-label, dose-ranging study. ▪ Setting: Two AIDS Clinical Trials Group units. ▪ Patients: Patients (56) with advanced HIV disease. ▪ Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to one of three paired regimens of zidovudine and ddC. We evaluated six dosing regimens, each involving oral administration of the study drugs at 8-hour intervals. ▪ Measurements: Pharmacokinetics, toxicity, CD4 counts, p24 antigenemia and clinical end points. ▪ Main Results: The median follow-up period was 40.6 weeks (range, 0.3 to 70 weeks). Neither drug affected the pharmacokinetic profile of the other. Episodes of serious hematologic toxicity were infrequent, occurring in only 17.9% of patients, and did not differ among the regimens (P = 0.15). Severe sensory peripheral neuropathy occurred in two patients (one patient each in regimens 1 and 4). One patient receiving regimen 4 died. The mean maximal increase in CD4 counts exceeded 109 cells/mm3, and 69% of patients receiving combinations containing 300 or 600 mg of zidovudine daily had an increase in CD4 counts of 50 cells/mm3 or greater. Regimens containing 600 mg of zidovudine daily (regimens 2 and 5) were also more likely to result in persistent increases in CD4 counts above pretreatment values than were the two lowest dose regimens (P = 0.003). The decline in CD4 counts was more rapid, and the suppression of the p24 antigenemia was less rapid and less sustained in patients receiving the lowest zidovudine dose alone (regimen 6). The addition of ddC to regimen 6 (regimen 3) resulted in a slower decline in the CD4 counts (P = 0.06). ▪ Conclusions: Combination therapy with zidovudine and ddC at the doses tested was well tolerated and did not result in toxicity. A daily oral dose of 150 mg of zidovudine appeared to produce a suboptimal effect on p24 antigenemia and CD4 counts. Combination therapy with ddC and higher doses of zidovudine produced greater and more persistent effects in patients with advanced HIV infection compared with other study regimens and with the results of previous trials of zidovudine monotherapy.

The materials Gd0.5RE0.5 Ba2Cu3O7‐δ (Re = Y, Sm, Eu, and La) are investigated in the orthorhombic (HTC) and tetragonal (non‐HTC) phases using EPR method. For both phases EPR signals associated with Gd ions are detected. In the tetragonal phase a strong temperature dependence of the intensities of this line is observed. These characteristics can be ascribed to the skin effect. A small polaron model is proposed to interpret the conduction mechanism of the tetragonal phase (semiconducting) of these samples. Copyright © 1991 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

The solubility of cyclosporin A was determined in water and in Sorensen buffers at pH 1.2 and 6.6 at temperatures ranging from 5 to 37-degrees-C. No differences in solubility behaviour were observed among the three aqeous media. Solubility was found to be inversely proportional to the temperature in each medium, indicating that the heat of solution was exothermic in each case.

We apply the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green’s-function method and perform ab initio calculations based on local-density-functional theory for the vacancy-solute interaction energies in Cu, Ni, Ag, and Pd. In particular, we calculate the nearest-neighbor interaction of vacancies with 3d and 4sp impurities in Cu and Ni as well as with 4d and 5sp impurities in Ag and Pd. We also calculate the divacancy binding energies in these hosts. Further we demonstrate that the Hellmann-Feynman theorem with respect to the nuclear charge provides a useful tool to calculate and understand interaction energies. We discuss applications to jellium calculations for Cu and to the stability of larger agglomerates.

The tectonic structure and evolution of Kythira is in general similar to that of the Cyclades with a difference in the chronologic succession of the alpine and post alpine geodynaaic processes which have ended in the Cyclades in contrast to Kythira where they are still in evolution. A basic distinction has to be lade between the early phase of compressional tectonism which built up the alpine nappe pile and the late phase of extensional character which denudates the non metamorphic units froa the crests of the anticlinal domes of the underlying netanorphic units. During this late phase the decollement and sliding of the non metanorphic units along their contact with the underlying metamorphic units is dominant under the important effect of gravity, the normal faults being limited above the main overthrusts.

(1991). Γογγάκη, Κωνσταντίνα. Προσέγγιση των Πυθίων αγώνων δια της αγγελικής ρήσης στην Ηλέκτρα του Σοφοκλή. Λόγος και Πράξη, 45: 106-116.   Ο μονόλογος του Παιδαγωγού στον οποίο περιγράφει τον πλαστό θάνατο του Ορέστη στους Πυθικούς αγώνες, αποτελεί μια σημαντική, ίσως μεγαλειώδη στιγμή του αθλητισμού, καθώς ο τελευταίος διασώζεται στα έργα της ανθρώπινης δημιουργίας, και ειδικά στην αρχαία τραγωδία. Ο Σοφοκλής περιγράφει το φυσικό και ψυχικό κάλλος του Ορέστη, δημιουργώντας ένας ήρωα-πρότυπο της κλασικής εποχής που ο ίδιος έζησε. Ο ήρωας έχει όλα τα στοιχεία της αναπόδραστης μοίρας του ανθρώπου, καθώς οι θεοί αποφασίζουν γι’ αυτόν. Ο Ορέστης, τελικά, το θαυμαστό σώμα του οποίου διαμελίζεται στους ιππικούς αγώνες, δεν συνιστά έναν ηττημένο, αλλά η πτώση του έχει τα δεδομένα του ήρωα, καθώς μάχεται, άνισος προς τη μοίρα, μέχρι της τελικής πτώσεως. Στην περιγραφή ο Σοφοκλής μιμείται απολύτως την ανάλογη αρματηλατική τεχνική της ιπποδρομίας της Ιλιάδας του Ομήρου τον οποίο ο ίδιος τόσο θαύμαζε. Η ρήση του παιδαγωγού κατορθώνει να συναρπάσει με τις απαράμιλλες περιγραφές του αγώνα, αποτελώντας ένα άριστο δείγμα αφηγηματικού και δραματικού λόγου. Ξεπερνάει σαφώς τα όρια μιας τυπικής περιγραφής, καθώς τους τεχνικούς και τους αθλητικούς όρους τους ανάγει σε λόγο ποιητικό. Εξάλλου, η επιλογή του ηρωϊκού θανάτου του Ορέστη στους Πυθικούς αγώνες αποτελεί ένα εύρημα, το οποίο στα επιδέξια ποιητικά χέρια του Σοφοκλή, ανάγει τον αθλητισμό σε έργο τέχνης.     * Η δημοσίευση μετά από επεξεργασία συμπεριελήφθη στο βιβλίο της Κων/νας Γογγάκη (2003), Οι αντιλήψεις των αρχαίων Ελλήνων για τον αθλητισμό, Αθήνα: Τυπωθήτω- Γ. Δαρδανός, σσ. 101-124.

Το άρθρο αυτό αποτελεί μια ενημερωμένη βιβλιογραφικά και πιο εκτεταμένη μορφή της εισήγησης που παρουσιάσθηκε στο 14ο σεμινάριο της Πανελλήνιας Ένωσης Φιλολόγων το Μάιο του 1991. Το θέμα του σεμιναρίου ήταν «Η ξένη λογοτεχνία στη δευτεροβάθμια εκπαίδευση» και η εισήγηση αποσκοπούσε στην παρουσίαση ορισμένων συγγραφέων και τάσεων της μετά τον Δεύτερο Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο λογοτεχνικής παραγωγής της Γερμανίας. Ο απώτερος στόχος της ήταν να αποτελέσει πηγή ενημέρωσης και βοήθημα για τους καθηγητές που καλούνται να διδάξουν κείμενα της γερμανικής λογοτεχνίας στην δευτεροβάθμια εκπαίδευση. Παρουσιάζεται η πορεία της μεταπολεμικής γερμανικής λογοτεχνίας, με ξεχωριστή αναφορά στους συγγραφείς W. Borchert, G. Eich, P. Celan, I. Bachmann, H. M. Enzensberger, F. Dürrenmatt, M. Frisch και Chr. Wolf με παραδείγματα από τον λυρικό, τον δραματικό και τον πεζό λόγο. Ιδιαίτερη μνεία έγινε στη λογοτεχνική παραγωγή της Ανατολικής Γερμανίας. Έγινε προσπάθεια να συγκεντρωθεί και να παρατεθεί η υπάρχουσα σχετική βιβλιογραφία στην ελληνική γλώσσα (μεταφράσεις και μελέτες) και παρατέθηκε επιλεγμένη βιβλιογραφία στη γερμανική γλώσσα για τις ανάγκες των καθηγητών της Μέσης Εκπαίδευσης.

(1991). Γογγάκη Κωνσταντίνα, Το εκπαιδευτικό πρόβλημα στη Λωρίδα της Γάζας Ανεξαρτησία και Ειρήνη, 1: 2-3. Η Λωρίδα της Γάζας, μια περιοχή της Παλαιστίνης που μαζί με τη Δυτική Όχθη και το μισό Ανατολικό της Ιερουσαλήμ κατακτήθηκε το 1967 από το Ισραήλ, εθεωρείτο πάντα ως μια από τις σθεναρότερες περιοχές αντίστασης στην κατοχή των Ισραηλινών. Είναι γνωστό, ότι όταν οι λαοί μάχονται για την ίδια τους την επιβίωση δεν έχουν πολλές δυνα­τότητες να ασχοληθούν το ίδιο δυναμι­κά με θέματα όπως η υγεία, η εκ­παίδευση, η ασφάλεια, κ.ά. Οι Παλαιστίνιοι, πάντως, παράλληλα με τον αγώνα τους για εθνική ανεξαρτησία, προσπαθούν να συντηρήσουν και να αναπτύξουν όλους τους βασικούς κοινωνικούς τομείς. Το εκπαιδευτικό σύστημα της Γάζας, όπως είναι φυσικό, πα­ρουσιάζει ιδιαίτερες αδυναμίες, ειδικά μετά την λαϊκή εξέγερση της Ιντιφάντα, καθώς η "επίβλεψη" της περιοχής και των κατοίκων της από τους Ισραηλινούς κατακτητές έχει σκληρύνει. Τα σχολεία στη Γάζα μοιάζουν με φυλακές και οι μαθητές με φυλακισμένους, αφού πριν και κατά τη διάρκεια της Ιντιφάντα οι Ισραηλινοί έχτισαν πα­νύψηλους τοίχους γύρω τους και τους τύλιξαν με ακανθώδη καλώδια. Η έλλειψη σεβασμού τον σχολικού ασύλου από τους στρατιώτες, είναι ένα άλλο πρόβλημα. Ανάλογη ατμόσφαιρα επικρατεί και στα Πανεπιστήμια, τα οποία όπως άλλωστε και πολλά σχολεία στα κατεχόμενα παρέμειναν κλειστά στη διάρκεια της Ιντιφάντα. Οι Ισραηλινοί κατακτητές με το κλείσιμο σχολείων - παν/μίων θέλησαν αφ’ ενός να επιβάλλουν μια συλλογι­κή τιμωρία, και αφ' ετέρου να εμποδίσουν την ελευθερία έκφρασης των φοιτητών και το δικαίωμά τους για επαφή και εκπαίδευση. Παράλληλα στο διδακτικό προσωπικό ασκείται αυστηρή επίβλεψη για την τήρηση του κυβερνητικού προγράμματος, ενώ στην περίπτωση παρεκκλίσεων τιμωρείται με κρατήσεις, φυλακίσεις και άλλες κυρώσεις. Ο τελικός στόχος των Ισραηλινών για τη Λωρίδα της Γάζας, αλλά και γενικά τις κατεχόμενες περιοχές της Παλαιστίνης, είναι ο υποβιβασμός του εκπαιδευτικού συστήματος, ώστε να κάνουν τον Παλαιστινιακό λαό αμαθή, προκειμένου να τον ελέγχουν. Κατά τον Assad El Saftawyee, σύμφωνα με τον οποίο "η διαμάχη μεταξύ Πα­λαιστινίων και Ισραηλινών εί­ναι διαμάχη μεταξύ δύο πολιτισμών", οι Παλαιστίνιοι γνωρίζουν ότι ένα έθνος ή ένας πληθυσμός χρειάζεται ταυτόχρονα την επιστημονική σκέψη και την υψηλή τεχνολο­γία, το μείγμα των πο­λιτισμών και την υψηλή τεχνολογία της Δύσης για την αντιμετώπιση του σύγχρονου κόσμου επί ίσοις όροις.   *Η δημοσίευση βασίζεται σε πραγματικά δεδομένα και στοιχεία τα οποία συγκέντρωσε η Κων/να Γογγάκη κατά το ταξίδι της στη Λωρίδα της Γάζας τον Ιούλιο - Αύγουστο 1991. Εκτός από την επίσκεψη σε στρατόπεδα προσφύγων, τη συνεργασία με εκπαιδευτικά κέντρα και την επαφή με κατοίκους στη Λωρίδα της Γάζας σημαντικά στοιχεία της παρείχαν δύο σημαντικές προσωπικότητες που συνάντησε στη Γάζα. Ο Assad El Saftawyee, καθηγητής, ο οποίος έχει σπουδάσει Φυσική στην Αίγυπτο το 1957 μαζί με τον Yasser Araffat και τον Salah Abo Kalaff και ο οποίος είχε τεθεί σε διοικητικό περιορισμό από τις Ισραηλι­νές αρχές. Και ο Μohamad Abu Shaban, πρόεδρος του GAZA CEN­TER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS.

We have surveyed the cluster system of the SMC with the aim of identifying close pairs of clusters. We find that the number of existing close cluster pairs is significantly (at the 3.5 σ level) larger than the expected number of such pairs due to the chance line-up of single clusters, implying that some of these pairs are physically associated. Comparison with the LMC cluster system shows that the ratio of pairs is similar to the ratio of single clusters in the two galaxies. These results, combined with the earlier results for the LMC, indicate the tendency of clusters to form in pairs, or possibly in groups, at least in the case of irregular galaxies, the probability that the observed number of pairs having formed due to tidal capture being small.

A new catalogue of clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud has been constructed from searches of the IIIa-J component of the ESO/SERC Southern Sky Atlas. The catalogue contains coordinate and diameter measurements of 1762 clusters in a 25^deg^ x 25^deg^ area of sky centred on the LMC, but excluding the very crowded 3.5 deg^2^ region around the Bar. The distribution of there clusters appears as two superimposed elliptical systems. The higher density inner system extends over ~ 8^deg^; the lower density outer system can be represented by a 13^deg^ x 10^deg^ disc inclined at 42^deg^ to the line of sight. There are suggestions of two weak "arms" in the latter.

We present an efficient numerical method to calculate shape truncation functions for Wigner-Seitz atomic polyhedra in crystalline solids. We apply our method to the case of simple cubic (SC), face centered cubic (FCC) and body centered cubic (BCC) lattices. A straightforward comparison of our results and of those obtained by other numerical techniques with the exact ones, analytically known in some simple cases, shows the efficiency and high accuracy of our method.

Ras p21 and myc p62 expression has been examined immunohistochemically in seventy specimens of bronchial carcinomas. Both ras and myc oncoproteins were found to be overexpressed at a higher frequency in non small cell carcinomas (squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas) compared to the small cell carcinoma specimens; however only myc p62 overexpression was found to be statistically significant. Also, ras p21 oncoprotein expression was frequently overexpressed in adenocarcinomas compared to squamous cell carcinomas (p < 0.05). Overexpression of c-myc p62 was found to correlate with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas compared to the well and moderately differentiated tumors. The results of this study indicate that both the ras and myc oncogenes are important in the progression of bronchial carcinomas.

This study was undertaken to assess the value of intravesical interferon alfa-2b treatment in preventing the recurrences of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. A total of 30 patients aged from 33 to 78 entered the protocol. The intravesical instillations were performed once a week for 8 weeks. A solution of 10 x 106 IU interferon alfa-2b in 30 ml of normal saline was used. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 28 months. Of the 30 patients, 19 (63.33%) were tumor free at the end of follow-up. Of the remaining 11 patients, 7 presented with recurrent superficial tumors and 4 with invasive bladder tumors. No side effects were noted.

Extensive investigations on the anatomy of the two leaf types in a seasonally dimorphic subshrub revealed interesting variations between summer and winter leaves. Summer leaves of Sarcopoterium spinosum possess a thick epidermis composed of tannin-containing cells and large amounts of mucilage secreted through the inner periclinal walls towards the mesophyll. A thick cuticle is also present on the surface of the leaf. In winter leaves the epidermal cells produce no mucilage while phenolics are accumulated in granular form only. Besides these, some other variations between summer and winter leaves are also discussed in respect of the ability of the plant to withstand the unfavourable Mediterranean conditions. © 1990 Annals of Botany Company.

The effect of pregnancy on maternal serum total cortisol (MSFT) was studied systematically in the course of 90 normal pregnancies (n = 204). Moreover, the evaluation of MSFT determinations in abnormal pregnancies, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and obstetrical complications, premature rupture of the membranes (PROM), premature delivery (PD), and full term pregnancies with post maturity syndrome (PMS) were also investigated. MSFT was measured by an enzyme immunoassay. Gradual increase in MSFT was found from the 6th week of pregnancy to the 40th week of pregnancy and a sharp rise was noted during the last 2 weeks before the onset of labor (P < 0.002). In IUGR, MSFT was significantly lower (P < 0.001). In the cases of PROM and PD, MSFT was highly elevated (P < 0.0001), independently of the gestational age. In pregnancies with well documented PMS, MSFT was much lower than in normal full term pregnancies with even a downward trend in serial determinations (P < 0.0001). © 1990.

We descibe a patient with adult onset Still's disease (AOSD) who developed meningoencephalitis, sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy and uveitis during the course of disease. An abnormal cerebrospinal fluid and changes on nerve conduction studies substantiated the diagnoses of these unusual complications. The meningoencephalopathy improved before corticosteroid treatment, and the peripheral neuropathy and other features of AOSD have responded to corticosteroids. Our case illustrates the rare occurrence of both cental and peripheral neurological involvement in AOSD.

Wet precipitation-only samplers were used to collect wet deposition at two sites in the Athens basin, Greece for the period March 1986 - February 1987. Concentrations of major cations (H +, NH 4 +, Na +, K +, CA 2+) and major anions (Cl -, NO 3 - and SO 4 2-) were determined for the first time in rainwater samples in Greece. Bicarbonate concentrations were calculated. The relative importance of natural and anthropogenic sources were estimated by a chemical balance. The majority of rain collected has a neutral or alkaline character. Acidity was due to the presence of H 2SO 4 and HNO 3. The statistical analysis of the correlation between the concentration of chemical species confirm the influence of natural and anthropogenic sources. In all samples, SO 4 2- concentrations exceed NO 3 - concentrations exceed NO 3 - concentrations despite the dominance of low S oil burning in the region. The wet flux of S was calculated to be 0.34 g m -2 a -1.

High-energy neutrons produced as a consequence of proton acceleration in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can carry a substantial fraction of the initial luminosity outside of the central source. Part of this luminosity is expected to go into VHE and UHE γ-ray emission as a result of hadronic interactions of these relativistic particles with the accreting plasma. We find that the most efficient emitters will be AGNs with luminosities ~0.01 - 0-1 of the Eddington luminosity.

Kamperidis, Irene (1990). "Women break the EEC barriers before the completion of the integrated market”. Greek Business, International Greek Magazine for Trade and Investment. Issue 1/1990: 84.  

Seasonal dimorphism is considered from the anatomical viewpoint. Significant differences can be observed between winter and summer leaves obtained from the same individuals. Winter leaves are thick, amphistomatic with a large number of chloroplasts in the cells of the loose mesophyll. The thinner summer leaves are hairier and hypostomatic, with compact mesophyll and cells that accumulate phenolics and crystals. CbJoroplasts are fewer in number and less developed, and at the ultrastructural level they present pronounced differences from those of the winter leaves. © 1989 Annals of Botany Company.

Maternal serum total estrogens (O(T)) human placental lactogen (HPL), pregnancy specific β1-glycoprotein (SP1) and progesterone (P) were measured by enzymeimmunoassays (EIA) in pregnancies with placental insufficiency and low birthweight infants (LBWI). It was demonstrated that these cases could be classified into three groups: Group I: The low levels of placental hormones and O(T) were significantly correlated with each other (p < 0.05 - p < 0.001), as well as with the low birthweight (p < 0.001) in pregnancies with placental insufficiency and LBWI, in which a high percentage (50%) were small for gestational age (SGA). Group II: In cases of simple placental insufficiency, the low levels of placental hormones showed a significant correlation with each other (p < 0.05) whereas only the rather normal O(T) values were correlated with the birthweight of the infant (p < 0.02). Group III: IN pregnancies with SGA, but without apparent placental insufficiency the normal concentration of placental hormones showed a high correlation with each other (p < 0.001) while only the subnormal O(T) levels were correlated significantly with the low infant birthweight (p < 0.05). SP1 values showed abnormally steep increase in cases with perinatal asphyxia.

The dynamical properties and stellar content of some cluster pairs in the LMC were studied, using UKST plates. Positive evidence was found for significant distortions in the density profiles of the clusters, particularly in the outer regions. These disturbances were interpreted as indications of dynamical interaction between the pair members. Some of the pairs were found to have very similar stellar content, and ages ranging from a few 107yr to several 108yr.

In 23 mechanically ventilated anuric (six) or oliguric (17) patients (< 16 ml/h of urine output) with severe gas exchange abnormality, we investigated the effect of furosemide on intrapulmonary shunt (Q̇S/Q̇T). Before and after 0.5, 1, and 2 h of IV administration of 200 mg of furosemide, we assessed the intrapulmonary shunt and PaO2 while patients' hemodynamic measurements were monitored. Ventilatory parameters remained constant throughout the study. While the urine output was minimal and no alteration in hemodynamic values was found, the Q̇S/Q̇T decreased from 27.7 ± 2.3 percent (mean ± SEM) at control to 24.3 ± 2.1 percent (p < 0.01) at 0.5 h, 21.7 ± 2.1 percent (P < 0.001) at 1 h, and 18.1 ± 1.8 percent (p < 0.001) at 2 h. The PaO2 showed no significant difference at 0.5 h but rose significantly from 96 ± 14 to 105 ± 14 mm Hg (p < 0.05) and 111 ± 14 mm Hg (p < 0.01) at 1 and 2 h, respectively. Since we observed no changes in hemodynamics, we speculate a direct effect of furosemide in the pulmonary vasculature affecting the ventilation-perfusion mismatch and, therefore, the Q̇S/Q̇T and PaO2.

We present ab initio calculations for dilute Fe alloys with 3d and 4d elements. The calculations are based on local-density approximation of density-functional theory and employ the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green’s-function method. Results are given for the densities of states, the local moments, and the magnetization oscillations around the impurities. A detailed comparison is made with measurements of the electronic specific heat, with neutron-scattering results for the moments of the impurity and the neighboring host atoms, and with magnetization measurements. Contrary to the case of Co and Ni alloys, the majority-spin band contributes most to the screening in the Fe alloys. This arises from the fact that the Fermi energy falls into the minimum of the minority-spin density of states. The results are in qualitative agreement with a proposed pseudogap theory and naturally explain why Fe alloys show such a complicated magnetic behavior.

Available from UMI in association with The British Library. Requires signed TDF. The purpose of this study is to achieve an improved and more complete understanding of the structure and evolutionary history of the Small Magellanic Cloud, the second nearest galaxy to our own. The study was focused on the northeastern and west/southwestern outer parts of the SMC, including populations at projected distances larger than 2.2 kpc from the centre of the SMC. These regions have scarcely been studied in detail in the past. The observational material consisted of good quality B and R photographic plates taken with the U.K. Schmidt Telescope in Australia, digitised by the COSMOS automatic microdensitometer and calibrated by a series of CCD photometric sequences obtained at the European Southern Observatory (with the 1.5m Danish Telescope) and at the Anglo-Australian Observatory (with the 4m Telescope). Colour-magnitude diagrams were constructed over the whole of the area measured. The analysis of the properties of these diagrams resulted in (a) establishing the population synthesis in the outer parts of the SMC as a function of position with respect to the centre, and (b) probing the geometrical structure (in three dimensions) of these outlying regions of the SMC, which led to the discovery of a significant line-of-sight depth in the NE outer parts. A study of the carbon star population in the SMC outer regions was also conducted, using UKST prism plates. The carbon stars were used as probes of the intermediate-age populations in the outer parts of the SMC.

The paper is an analysis of Plato's "proof" of the immortality of the soul in Phaedrus 245c-246a. It points out that the "proof" consists of two arguments: one intended to show that, as long as it exists, the soul does not cease to be alive, and one meant to demonstrate that the soul never ceases to exist.

A recently proposed acceleration mechanism for ultra relativistic particles in the central engines of AGN's suggests that protons are the particles which are accelerated initially, and that these subsequently inject the electrons and positrons supposed responsible for the continuum emission. This model necessarily leads to the prediction of a strong flux of neutrons (with a luminosity at least as great as that in the photon continuum) from the central engine. We investigate some of the consequences of such a model. In particular, the neutron flux will, by means of spallation reactions, produce amounts of boron in the surrounding material which it may be possible to observe in the optical spectrum. In addition, the central engine will act as a source of high energy gamma-rays. Those which can propagate to the Earth (i.e., those with energy < 10^14^ eV) may be observed directly, whereas those of higher energy will be absorbed by radio photons from either the microwave background or the AGN itself. If this occurs in a typical interstellar magnetic field, the energy of the gamma-rays will be reradiated in the form of X-rays.

Most studies of the morphological and structural properties of the SMC to date were based on very young and young populations essentially confined in space to the bar, arms, and wing. In this project, the authors cover a much larger area of the SMC and a much broader range in ages, with the purpose of performing a thorough study of the structure and population synthesis in the outer regions of the SMC.

A case of pure rhabdomyosarcoma of the testis is reported. The origin of these tumors is discussed and it is believed that they are teratomas with rhabdomyoblastic overgrowth of the cells. Prophylactic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is recommended at the time of the orchiectomy, in those cases where there is no evidence of lymph node metastases.

An unusual presentation of a renal pelvis squamous cell carcinoma is reported; a loin sinus with excessive pyorrhea was the only complaint of a man with a long history of renal calculus disease.

An area of 48.5 square degrees covering the north-east and south-west outer regions of the Small Magellanic Cloud is studied with the use of the UK-Schmidt Telescope plates (taken from B_J_ and R filters). The plates were measured with the COSMOS microdensitometer and calibrated with a number of charge-coupled devices to observe sequences in the region. The resulting data set will be used for a detailed study of stellar populations and the geometry of the Small Magellanic Cloud outer regions. In this paper the production of the data set and an assessment of its accuracy are presented.

The three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the old disc and halo populations in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) outlying (projected distances from the optical centre larger than 2kpc) north-eastern and south-western regions is presented. The magnitudes of the Horizontal Branch (HB)/clump stars in these regions are used as distance indicators. It is shown that in the north-eastern regions there is a significant line-of-sight depth of 17kpc on average, reaching a maximum value of 23kpc. These regions are ~10kpc deeper than the south-western regions. This result is attributed to the disruptive effect of the tidal field of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) on the SMC. The possibility of the existence of two separate entities along the line-of-sight is examined.

The observed X-ray spectra reported by the GINGA and MIR-HEXE satellite experiments contain information on the metallicity of the Supernova's expanding envelope. Using a Monte Carlo code to simulate the Compton degradation of the ^56^Co -produced γ-rays, we calculate the emerging X-ray spectrum for various metallicities. The observed spectra are compatible with a low (less than solar) metal abundance, while an additional soft component, independent of the ^56^Co source is probably required in order to account for the data. The evolution of the spectral hardness is used as a sensitive indicator of the nature of the soft component, and of the possible contribution of an imbedded pulsar to the X-ray spectrum.

Συμφώνως πρὸς τὴν θεωρία τῆς ἄνισης ἀνταλλαγῆς, ἐνετοπίσθησαν ποιές ἦσαν οἱ σύμφυτες τάσεις στὶς σχέσεις παραγωγῆς, οἱ ὁποῖες ἐκυριαρχοῦσαν στὶς Μητροπόλεις καὶ οἱ ὁποῖες τὶς ὠθοῦσαν σὲ σύναψη σχέσεων μὲ τὶς περιφερειακὲς χῶρες. Βασισμένοι σὲ μεγέθη, ὅπως ἡ Ὀργανικὴ Σύνθεσις τοῦ Κεφαλαίου στὴν "Μητρόπολη" καὶ στὴν "Περιφέρεια" καὶ ὁ διεθνὴς καταμερισμὸς τῆς ἐργασίας, προσεπαθήσαμε νὰ δημιουργήσομε τὸ θεωρητικὸ σύστημα ἀναφορᾶς γιὰ τὴν μέτρηση τοῦ Γεωγραφικοῦ Χρόνου στὸ ∆ίπολο καὶ σὲ καθένα ἀπὸ τὰ σκέλη τοῦ ξεχωριστά.

Καμπερίδου, Ειρήνη (1989). «Ο Ελληνικός Πυρετός» του Αμερικάνικου λαού. Βραδυνή, Παρασκευή 24 Μαρτίου 1989, σελ. 17.

Στο μονόπρακτο "Ο Πράσινος Παπαγάλος" - που ο Σνίτσλερ χαρακτηρίζει <γκροτέσκο> - το θέμα είναι η σχέση ανάμεσα στην αλήθεια και το θέατρο, την ψευδαίσθηση και την πραγματικότητα, είναι ο προβληματισμός γύρω από την αισθητική στάση απέναντι στη ζωή: την παραμονή της Επανάστασης Γάλλοι αριστοκράτες παρακολυθούν σ' ένα καπηλειό του Παρισιού μια ιδιότυπη παράσταση. Ηθοποιοί παριστάνουν θαμώνες του καπηλειού, πόρνες, απατεώνες και δολοφόνους που έρχονται να πιούν και να διηγηθούν τα δήθεν κατορθώματα και τα εγκλήματά τους που στρέφονται πάντα κατά των αριστοκρατών. Οι ευγενείς έρχονται για να αισθανθούν έντονες συγκινήσεις και απολαμβάνουν την - όπως νομίζουν - φαινομενική απειλή εναντίον τους. Στην πραγματικότητα ακούν αυτό που τους μέλλεται. Την ίδια στιγμή ξεσπάει έξω, στους δρόμους του Παρισιού, σαν <σιγανό βουητό κεραυνού> η Γαλλική Επάνασταση.

Irene Kamberidou (1988). Ancient Greek designs still steal the limelight. GREECE TODAY, Daily Newspaper, edited in Athens, issue 7, April 5, 1988, section- LIFE STYLE p. 9.

We have surveyed the LMC cluster system and have identified 69 double clusters with a centre-to-centre separation of less than ~1.3 arcmin (~18 pc). We infer that a considerable fraction of these double clusters must be binaries since the calculated projection effects can account for only 31 of them. This inference is strongly supported by the fact that the ages available for some of the clusters of our sample (as determined from UBV photometry) are less than the computed times of merger or disruption of the binary cluster system. Furthermore, the space distribution of these pairs indicates that these clusters belong to a very young or young population.

Irene Kamberidou (1988). The mini is nothing new. GREECE TODAY , Daily Newspaper, edited in Athens, issue 7, April 5, 1988, section- LIFE STYLE p. 15

Thirty eight remote LMC clusters randomly distributed around the LMC rotation centre were measured by means of star counts in plates taken with the 1.2 m U.K. Schmidt telescope to derive their tidal radii and total masses. Seven of these clusters were found to violate the usual picture of a conventional density profile.

Spectral classification of stars in SMC clusters provide useful information on the evolutionary history of this galaxy and permit to test the theory of stellar evolution.

We report on Monte-Carlo calculations of the emergence of X- and γ-rays from the envelope of the supernova 1987A. Assuming that there exists an X-ray emitting pulsar at the centre, we discuss the possibilities of observing its radiation and find that if the pulsar is about as luminous as the present-day Crab, it may be possible to detect the breakout at ~ 20 months. The pulsar should emerge first in the 6-16 keV band covered by GINGA. About six months later it would appear in the 20-45 keV band of MIR-HEXE. Because the optical depth of the envelope at breakout is still substantial (~4), we do not expect pulses to be detected straightaway. Our conclusions are based on a simple homogeneous model for the envelope and do not depend on whether or not ^56^Co is mixed into the outer layers. The time at which a pulsar of higher luminosity would emerge can be obtained from a simple scaling of our results.

Στο μονόπρακτο του Άρθουρ Σνίτσλερ Ο πράσινος παπαγάλος [Der grüne Kakadu] κυριαρχεί ο προβληματισμός γύρω από την ουσία της πραγματικότητας. Γάλλοι αριστοκράτες επισκέπτονται την παραμονή της Γαλλικής Επανάστασης ένα ιδιόρρυθμο θέατρο-καπηλειό του Παρισιού, όπου οι θαμώνες είναι ηθοποιοί που παριστάνουν κακοποιούς και απατεώνες. Η ευχάριστη διέγερση των νεύρων που προσφέρουν στους αριστοκράτες οι επινοημένες αφηγήσεις των ηθοποιών έρχεται σε αντίθεση με αυτό που πραγματικά συμβαίνει και που οι αριστοκράτες αποφεύγουν να συνειδητοποιήσουν: τη στιγμή που εκείνοι απολαμβάνουν την ψευδαίσθηση της απειλής και του κινδύνου, ξεσπάει έξω, στους δρόμους του Παρισιού, η Επανάσταση. Το βασικό θέμα του έργου είναι αντιπροσωπευτικό της εποχής που γράφτηκε, δηλαδή του Fin-de-siècle, της Βιεννέζικης Νεωτερικότητας αφού ο Σνίτσλερ εστιάζει στα παρακμιακά στοιχεία και στο θέμα της αποσύνθεσης της πραγματικότητας. Ακόμα και ο χαρακτηρισμός «γκροτέσκο» που χρησιμοποιεί ο συγγραφέας για το έργο δεν δικαιολογείται με αυστηρά λογοτεχνικά κριτήρια, αλλά σκοπό έχει να τονίσει την ιδιομορφία των συμβάντων στον Παπαγάλο και να σχολιάσει τη στάση του κοινού που τα υπαγορεύει και τα προκαλεί.Arthur Schnitzlers Einakter "Der grüne Kakadu" (1898), vom Autor als Groteske bezeichnet, variiert das bei Schnitzler beliebte Thema des Verhältnisses zwischen Illusion und Realität. Im historischen Kostüm gekleidet - Französiche Aristokraten geben sich am Vorabend der Revolution in einer kabarettartigen Spelunke dem Spiel mit der Illusion hin, ohne die nahende Katastrophe wahrzunehmen - lassen sich die Figuren des Stücks nach dem Grad ihres Wirklichkeitsverhältnisses charakterisieren. Schon die Wahl des historischen Moments impliziert eine kritische Haltung gegenüber einer realitätsabblendenden Attitüde, die letztendlich auf Schitzlers Zeit und Gesellschaft hinweist.

The structure and geotectonic evolution of the medial tectonometamorphic belt is described. The main tectonic units are classified to parts of continental plates and of oceanic plates. A younger age of tectonism (Late Eocene) is detected at the base than at the top (Early Cretaceous) of the belt. The tectonic evolution of the belt includes two convergent zones of plate movement, one during Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous between the Serbomacedonian and the Pelagonian microcontinents with obduction of the Axios oceanic lithosphere onto the Pelagonian giving rise to the Internal Hellenides and another during Late Cretaceous-Eocene that included a subduction zone with blueschists generation and a subsequent collision of the microcontinents of the Pelagonian and the Lydo-Karian (Menderes), giving rise to the External Hellenides. Since Miocene times the previous paleogeographic-geotectonic units were consolidated to an unique structure.

Self-consistent, first-principles calculations are presented for the electronic structure of some point defects in the binary alloys CoAl and CoGa. All possible structural defects-i.e., antistructure atoms and vacancies-as well as 3d transition-metal impurities on both sublattices are considered. The calculations are based on the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green's-function method and on density-functional theory in the local-spin-density approximation. The calculated densities of states, charge transfers, and magnetic moments are discussed and compared with the results of other theoretical calculations and the available experimental data.

Kamp, [Kamberidou] Irene (1987). Beautiful and Shining (Antique Jewellery). Athena Magazine, Publication of the International Studies Association, no. 12, January 1987:24-25. ATHENA MAGAZINE, MONTHLY REVIEW OF CURRENT AFFAIRS.     Publication of the International Studies Association, Athens (1986-1987)                                              Editorial Board:  Dimitris Constas, Vice Rector of the Pantios School of Political Science, Athens; Theodore Couloumbis, Professor of International Relations, University of Thesssaloniki; Paschalis Kitromilides, Associate Professor of Political Science, University of Athens; Christos Rozakis, Professor of International Relations, Pantios School of Political Science; Thanos Veremis, Associate Professor of History, University of Athens   Kamberidou (Kamp), Irene (1987). Beautiful and Shining (Antique Jewellery). Athena Magazine, Publication of the International Studies Association, no. 12, January 1987:24-25.   Kamberidou (Kamp), Irene (1986). Antique fashion is never too old. Athena Magazine, Publication of the International Studies Association, no. 4, May 1986: 132-133.   Kamberidou (Kamp), Irene (1986). Life in Ancient Times. What they wore and how. Athena Magazine, Publication of the International Studies Association, no. 7, August 1986: 240-241. Kamberidou (Kamp), Irene (1986). Meetings: Women teach Women. Athena Magazine, Publication of the International Studies Association, no 8, Sept. 1986: 258.      

The existence of binary clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud has been discussed recently. A survey of the LMC on UKSTU plates yielded a total of 69 pairs of clusters with a center-to-centre separation of less than ≡18 pc (for a distance modulus of 18.4 for the LMC). Statistical arguments suggest that taking chance line-ups into account, a significant fraction of the pairs found must be physically associated at the 7σ level. A series of observations have been undertaken in order to establish the physical association of the pairs.

We report about self-consistent calculations for dilute Ni alloys, which are based on density-functional theory and the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green's-function method. In particular, we calculate the charge and magnetization perturbations for four shells of atoms around the impurity. Impurities of the 3d, 4d, and 4sp series are considered. Of central interest is the transition from strong to weak ferromagnetism and the different screening mechanism in these alloys. We compare our results for the perturbations of the local moments as well as the change of the total moment with magnetization and neutron scattering data.

A detailed model for positron production by a young pulsar is presented. It is shown that electromagnetic cascades can develop in a young pulsar's magnetosphere, and the model results are applied to the pulsar which is hypothesized to lie near the Galactic center. It is found that such a pulsar would be expected to produce relatively low energy electron-positron pairs with an efficiency rating high enough to explain the observed luminosity of the Galactic center annihilation line. Virtually all of the gamma ray continuum radiation produced in the cascades would be beamed along the magnetic poles of the neutron star, and therefore probably would not be observed from earth. Some observational predictions generated by the proposed model for the Galactic center positron source are given.

We consider the electronic structure of dilute Pd and discuss reasons for the disagreement between experiment and theory, especially concerning the Pd density of states. The intensity of the low energy Pd peak, obtained in previous calculations, is very sensitive to charge transfer, lattice relaxation and relativistic effects. Realistic ab-initio calculations, which take these effects properly into account, practically remove the intensity of the low energy Pd peak and are in much better agreement with experiments than previous single site and KKR-CPA results.

An expression for the interaction energy between two defects in a metallic compound within the framework of the frozen potential approximation is presented. The numerical application to vacancies in Al or TAl (T=Fe, Ni) shows that the electrostatic contribution of the screening charge around each defect can predominate over the one-particle term.

High-energy (70 MeV < E < 5 GeV) gamma-ray observations of Cyg X-3 by the ESA satellite COS-B and hard X-ray (14 keV < E < 140 keV) observations by the Leiden-MIT balloon experiment, Leimit, are presented. A comparison with, and a study of earlier results over the 14 decades in energy from 1 keV up to ≡1017eV indicates that the strong variability of Cyg X-3 over more than one order of magnitude at energies below 20 keV does not exhibit itself in the data collected at hard X-ray energies, and the power emitted per decade of energy reaches a minimum in the MeV-GeV region. If the primary gamma-rays up to 1015eV originate close to the central source, absorption by the keV X-rays in the Cyg X-3 binary system could explain the latter phenomenon.

An investigation of the star clusters in the outermost areas of the LMC has started in order to examine the observed dynamical properties of the halo globular clusters in this galaxy. A first sample of 38 clusters have been measured by means of star counts on plates taken with the 1.2 m U.K. Schmidt telescope. The derived tidal radii and masses are comparable to those found for the disk young clusters of the LMC and those of the galactic globulars.